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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Do environmental conditions exert an effect on nest-mate recognition in queen rearing honey bees? (2000)
    Springer
    Insectes sociaux 47 (2000), S. 307-312 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9098
    Keywords: Key words: Honey bees, nest-mate recognition, kinship, queen rearing.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary: Most studies of discrimination in the context of queen rearing have been performed in spring or summer, but the influence of environmental conditions on nepotism in honeybees has not received attention. Our experiments were designed to test the hypothesis that restricted resources influence honeybee workers to express a bias towards rearing related larvae more strongly than under favorable conditions. Three experimental designs were employed. In the first experiment, larvae were grafted using standard commercial techniques for rearing queens. Nurse bees were presented with sister larvae and alien larvae placed each in a cup, side by side in alternating positions. In the second experiment, nurse bees were offered the choice between sister or alien larvae placed in the same cup. The third experiment was similar to the first except that the objective was to harvest and weigh the accepted larvae and the remaining royal jelly. This study demonstrates that our colonies did not display nepotism in the context of queen rearing, whatever the season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001721
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fus3 controls Ty1 transpositional dormancy through the invasive growth MAPK pathway (2000)
    Oxford BSL : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 35 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Fus3, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) of the mating pheromone response pathway, inhibits a post-translational step of Ty1 retrotransposition. Fus3 also inhibits haploid invasive growth by blocking cross-activation of invasive growth gene expression by the pheromone response signal cascade. Here, we show that Fus3 kinase activity and dosage co-ordinately regulate Ty1 transposition and invasive growth. A chromosomal copy of the kinase-defective fus3-K42R allele fails to inhibit either Ty1 transposition or invasive growth. When overexpressed, kinase-defective Fus3 weakly inhibits both Ty1 transposition and invasive growth, but is much less inhibitory than wild-type Fus3 expressed at the same level. Moreover, increasing the dosage of wild-type Fus3 intensifies the inhibition of both Ty1 transposition and invasive growth. To demonstrate that Fus3 regulates Ty1 transposition via its negative regulation of the invasive growth pathway, we show by epistatic analysis that the invasive growth pathway transcription factors Ste12 and Tec1 are both required for Fus3-mediated inhibition of Ty1 transposition. When haploid invasive growth is stimulated by high-copy expression of TEC1, by expression of the dominant hypermorphic allele STE11-4 or by deletion of HOG1, Ty1 transposition is concomitantly activated. In summary, these results demonstrate that the haploid invasive growth pathway activates Ty1 transposition at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels and that Fus3 inhibits Ty1 transposition by inhibiting the invasive growth pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.01710.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plant biomarkers in aerosols record isotopic discrimination of terrestrial photosynthesis (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 639-641 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Carbon uptake by the oceans and by the terrestrial biosphere can be partitioned using changes in the 12C/13C isotopic ratio (δ13C) of atmospheric carbon dioxide, because terrestrial photosynthesis strongly discriminates ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature00777
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Revealing the world of RNA interference (2004)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 431 (2004), S. 338-342 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The recent discoveries of RNA interference and related RNA silencing pathways have revolutionized our understanding of gene regulation. RNA interference has been used as a research tool to control the expression of specific genes in numerous experimental organisms and has potential as a therapeutic ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature02872
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Functional alterations of mesenteric vascular bed, vas deferens and intestinal tracts in a rat hindlimb unloading model of microgravity (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Autonomic & autacoid pharmacology 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1474-8673
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: 1 Prolonged bed rest or exposure to microgravity may cause several alterations in autonomic nervous system response (ANSR). 2 Hindlimb unloading (HU) rats were used as an animal model of simulated microgravity to investigate ANSR changes. The experiments were carried out to investigate the effects of simulated microgravity on the autonomic nervous response of the perfused mesenteric vascular bed (MVB), vas deferens and the colon and duodenum from 2-week HU rats. 3 In MVB preparations of HU rats, the frequency-dependent increases in perfusion pressure with perivascular nerve stimulation (PNS; 8–40 Hz) were inhibited, whereas the noradrenaline (NA) concentration-dependent (1–100 μm) perfusion pressure increases were potentiated. The latter most probably reflected up-regulation of α-adrenergic receptor function. Relaxant responses of NA-precontracted MVB to PNS (4–30 Hz) or isoprenaline were not different between control and HU preparations, while vasodilation induced by the endothelial agonist ACh was reduced. 4 Transmural stimulation (2–40 Hz) induced frequency-dependent twitches of the vas deferens which were reduced in vas deferens of HU rats, while the sensitivity to NA-induced contraction was significantly increased. 5 In the gastroenteric system of HU rat, direct contractile responses to carbachol or tachykinin as well as relaxant or contractile responses to nervous stimulation appeared unchanged both in the proximal colon rings and in duodenal longitudinal strips. 6 In conclusion, HU treatment affects peripheral tissues in which the main contractile mediators are the adrenergic ones such as resistance vessels and vas deferens, probably by reducing the release of neuromediator. This study validates NA signalling impairment as a widespread process in microgravity, which may most dramatically result in the clinical phenotype of orthostatic intolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1474-8673.2004.00315.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Use of Risk Assessment to Decide the Control Strategy for Bluetongue in Italian Ruminant Populations (2004)
    350 Main Street , Malden , MA 02148 , USA , and 9600 Garsington Road , Oxford OX4 2DQ , UK . : Blackwell Publishing, Inc.
    Risk analysis 24 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1539-6924
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: The affiliation. assessment and management of risks is a traditional part of veterinary medicine. In the past, veterinary services involved in this type of activity usually assessed risks qualitatively. However, since the 1990s, quantitative methods have become increasingly important. The establishment of the World Trade Organization in 1994, and the promulgation of its Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and Phytosanitary Measures (the “SPS Agreement”) led to an increased application of import risk analysis and to significant improvements in the methodology of risk analysis as applied to international trade policy for animals and animal products. However, there was very little development of risk analysis in veterinary fields other than international trade and management of health risks to consumers of animal products and little has been published on its use in the choice and definition of control or prophylaxis strategies for animal diseases. This article describes a quantitative risk assessment, which was undertaken in Italy to help choose an appropriate national response strategy following an incursion of bluetongue, an infectious disease of sheep and goats. The results obtained in this study support the use of risk analysis as a tool to assist in choosing an appropriate animal disease management strategy. The use of risk analysis in the evaluation of disease management strategies also offers advantages in international trade. It makes easier the comparison of different strategies applied in the various countries, and thus facilitates the assessment of equivalence of the guarantees provided by different strategies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0272-4332.2004.00563.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillatory Sorption Tests for Determining the Water-transport Properties of Chitosan-based Edible Films (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : A new approach based on the use of the oscillatory sorption tests is proposed for determining the water-transport properties of chitosan-based edible films. Stepwise sorption tests, oscillatory sorption tests, and water-permeation tests were conducted at 25 °C on chitosan edible films to elucidate the advantage of using the proposed approach. A mathematical model, which accounts for the superposition of polymer relaxation and stochastic diffusion, was used to fit and to predict the experimental data. Results suggest that wherever water-sorption kinetic is controlled by polymer relaxation, oscillatory sorption tests should be used instead of stepwise sorption tests to determine the relationship between water-diffusion coefficient and the local water concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb17866.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Application of a Modified Arrhenius Equation for the Evaluation of Oxidation Rate of Sunflower Oil at Subzero Temperatures (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The application of the Arrhenius equation for the prediction of oxidative reaction rate in frozen foods is often precluded because of deviations from linearity. The latter are mainly caused by the occurrence of phase transitions of crystallizing components (that is, water, lipids, sugar). The aim of the present research was to study the temperature dependence of the lipid oxidation rate as affected by its physical state. To this purpose, the physical state and the oxidation rate of sunflower oil was evaluated from −30°C to 60°C. In this temperature range, sunflower oil presents different solid-liquid ratios because of the crystallization phenomena. A mathematical model accounting for both temperature and physical state was proposed to describe the kinetics of oxidation in the entire temperature range considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09896.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of cobalt in sewage sludge using ultrasonic slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (2000)
    Springer
    Fresenius' journal of analytical chemistry 367 (2000), S. 722-726 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1130
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Cobalt in sludge of domestic and industrial origin, with high iron contents (〉 17 g/kg), was determined by slurry sampling graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrometry (GF-AAS). Slurries prepared by ultrasonic stirring were adequately diluted to cover the variation in cobalt content in the sludge samples. The diluent was 5% HNO3. Standard atomisation conditions for cobalt determination were used and no matrix modifier was applied. Slurry sampling GF-AAS results in the sludge were verified by analysing totally digested samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry (ICP-AES) and by GF-AAS. The procedure was validated by analysing the certified reference material BCR 146 R, a sewage sludge of industrial origin. Recoveries for cobalt in the spiked slurried sludge samples ranged from 92 to 96%, with a relative standard deviation of 10%. Recoveries in the certified sludge using slurry sampling GF-AAS technique were about 103% for a cobalt content of 7.39 mg/kg.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002160000476
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIQUATERNION QUANTUM MECHANICS (2000)
    Springer
    Advances in applied Clifford algebras 10 (2000), S. 298-299 
    Details
    ISSN: 1661-4909
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00006-000-0010-2
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