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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Novel Approach to the Study of Bread Porous Structure: Phase-contrast X-Ray Microtomography (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The evaluation of bread quality can be carried out by performing a nondestructive investigation of its microstructure, which in turn can be performed by adapting image analysis techniques that enables one to obtain rapid, objective, and quantitative information. A suitable and reliable experimental methodology to investigate the porous structure of bread by means of the numerical image processing, and without any sample preparation, has been presented in this work. Different types of breads having varying degrees of porosity were studied by X-ray computerized phase-sensitive microtomography for the acquisition of digital high-resolution images. After acquisition, suitable numeric algorithms were applied to slice reconstruction. Finally, 3D images were rendered and analyzed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb17865.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillatory Sorption Tests for Determining the Water-transport Properties of Chitosan-based Edible Films (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : A new approach based on the use of the oscillatory sorption tests is proposed for determining the water-transport properties of chitosan-based edible films. Stepwise sorption tests, oscillatory sorption tests, and water-permeation tests were conducted at 25 °C on chitosan edible films to elucidate the advantage of using the proposed approach. A mathematical model, which accounts for the superposition of polymer relaxation and stochastic diffusion, was used to fit and to predict the experimental data. Results suggest that wherever water-sorption kinetic is controlled by polymer relaxation, oscillatory sorption tests should be used instead of stepwise sorption tests to determine the relationship between water-diffusion coefficient and the local water concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb17866.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Approach to Predict the Water-transport Properties of Multilayer Films Intended for Food-packaging Applications (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : A mathematical model that predicts the water-permeability coefficient of multilayer films intended for food-packaging applications is presented. A 6-layer film composed of 5 polyolefinic layers and a layer made of a copolymer of ethylene and vinylalcohol (EVOH) was used to validate the proposed model. Water-permeability tests were run at 25°C both on each single layer and on the multilayer film; whereas the water-sorption isotherm and the water-sorption kinetics were determined only for the EVOH layer. Results suggest that the water-permeability coefficient of multilayer films can be predicted from the knowledge of the water-transport properties of each constituent layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb13368.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cellulose-based hydrogels as body water retainers (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 11 (2000), S. 247-253 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In this work the possibility of using hydrogels as body water retainers for a therapeutic aid in pathologies such as oedemas of various origins was explored. For such a purpose, the material requires a good compatibility and a controlled swelling capacity without altering the body electrolyte homeostasis. The hydrogel was designed to meet the swelling requirements with the physiological constraints and its biocompatibility was assessed either in vitro or in vivo. Absorption tests were performed in order to define the swelling behavior by varying the pH and ion content of the external solution. The hydrogel swelling capacity was assessed in the presence of various solvents, in order to evaluate its absorption capacity in solutions similar to biological fluids. In addition, the capacity of the gel to modify electrolyte homeostasis by adsorbing ions such as calcium, potassium and sodium was tested. In order to assess the gel biocompatibility after contact of the hydrogel with intestinal cells, arachidonic acid relase was determined. No significant intracellular increase of free arachidonic acid was found in the cells after up to 2 h of contact with the gel. The results suggest that, as far as brief periods are concerned, the gel does not cause an inflammatory response in intestinal cells. ©2000 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008980629714
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent mixtures sorption in amorphous peek (1991)
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 27 (1991), S. 323-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary The sorption kinetics and equilibrium isotherms of methylene chloride, n-heptane and of methylene chloride/n-heptane mixtures in glassy amorphous Poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) have been investigated. Ideal Fickian diffusion, anomalous non-ideal Fickian diffusion, “Case II” sorption mechanism and diffusion controlled swelling were observed depending on temperature, on solvent type and on external solvent activity. Gaschromatographic analysis performed on PEEK samples contacted with methylene chloride/n-heptane mixtures indicated that the presence of methylene chloride enhances n-heptane mobility and equilibrium sorbed amount.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294539
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Solvent induced crystallization in poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (1990)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 25 (1990), S. 2963-2970 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Sorptions of methylene chloride and methylene chloride/n-heptane liquid solutions in poly(aryl-ether-ether-ketone) (PEEK) are analysed and interpreted assuming multiple transport mechanisms. The presence of the highly interacting methylene chloride is responsible for anomalous sorption behaviours. PEEK films immersed in methylene chloride poor n-heptane solutions sorb by non-ideal Fickian diffusion, while limiting Case II and diffusion controlled swelling accompany equilibration in progressively richer methylene chloride solutions. The optical microscopy observation of cryogenically fractured samples conditioned in pure liquid methylene chloride at 5, 20 and 36 ° C for different times, revealed the presence of a sharp moving front. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) indicates that the glass transition temperature of the penetrated shells was always lower than the treatment temperature. The high levels of solvent swelling and plasticization were probably responsible for the crystallinity detected in DSC thermograms and wide angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) diffractograms of the solvent treated and initially amorphous samples. The differences of WAXS diffractograms of samples crystallized by immersion in methylene chloride at 5 and 36 ° C for various times and by thermal treatment are discussed. Increasing levels of crystallinity were induced in the samples equilibrated in progressively richer methylene chloride solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00584912
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Different solvent stability of the crystalline polymorphic forms of syndiotactic polystyrene (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1991), S. 1084-1087 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720132
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Vapor sorption in emptied clathrate samples of syndiotactic polystyrene (1997)
    Bognor Regis [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics 35 (1997), S. 133-140 
    Details
    ISSN: 0887-6266
    Keywords: syndiotactic polystyrene ; polymorphism ; chloroform ; clathration ; sorption ; Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The analysis of chloroform vapor sorption at 35°C in semicrystalline syndiotactic polystyrene samples shows remarkably different sorption isotherms, depending on the crystalline form of the samples. In particular, “emptied” clathrate (“emptied” δ form) samples are characterized by higher equilibrium sorption levels and the differences are particularly relevant for low vapor activities. Moreover, sorption kinetics detected at a vapor activity equal to 0.5 show that in the case of “emptied” δ form samples the sorption rate is much higher than for the other semicrystalline samples. The larger sorption equilibrium uptakes and sorption rates of the “emptied” δ form samples are essentially due to their ability to absorb chloroform, already for low activities, by clathration in the crystalline phase. The measured equilibrium uptakes and sorption kinetics suggest that “emptied” δ form samples of syndiotactic polystyrene could be suitable for removing polluting chlorinated compounds from vapor and liquid streams. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Water sorption in cellulose-based hydrogels (1996)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 60 (1996), S. 2403-2407 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Sorption of distilled water in a cellulose-based hydrogel is presented. The examined system is based on a mixture of sodium salt of carboxymethylcellulose and hydroxyethylcellulose, crosslinked with divinilsulphone. The effect of chemical composition, manufacturing procedures, as well as desiccation protocols on equilibrium water uptake was investigated. Experimental results were interpreted in terms of crosslinking density, presence of ionic groups on the backbone, as well as macroscopic sample morphology detected by electron scanning microscopy. The reported results evidence the possibility to bias the process parameters in order to obtain hydrogels characterized by the desired water sorption levels. © 1996 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low temperature melting behavior of CO2 crystallized modified PETs (1995)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 35 (1995), S. 506-512 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) analysis has been performed on modified and commericial amorphous samples of poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) crystallized by high pressure carbon dioxide (CO2). Two endothermic peaks are present in the DSC scans of all the carbon dioxide-treated samples. A qualitatively analogous behavior has been detected in the case of amorphous samples heat treated at temperatures slightly exceeding the glass transition temperature of virgin material. Wide angle X-ray scattering analysis has confirmed the structural analogies between samples CO2 crystallized at 50°C and thermally crystallized slightly above Tg. A differential scanning calorimeter capable of working at high pressure of CO2 has been adopted in order to examine the effect of carbon dioxide on the crystallization temperature range.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760350608
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