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  • Articles  (158)
  • 2000-2004  (158)
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  • 1
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    Neurodegeneration prevented by lentiviral vector delivery of GDNF in primate models of Parkinson's disease (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-10-29
    Description: Lentiviral delivery of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (lenti-GDNF) was tested for its trophic effects upon degenerating nigrostriatal neurons in nonhuman primate models of Parkinson's disease (PD). We injected lenti-GDNF into the striatum and substantia nigra of nonlesioned aged rhesus monkeys or young adult rhesus monkeys treated 1 week prior with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP). Extensive GDNF expression with anterograde and retrograde transport was seen in all animals. In aged monkeys, lenti-GDNF augmented dopaminergic function. In MPTP-treated monkeys, lenti-GDNF reversed functional deficits and completely prevented nigrostriatal degeneration. Additionally, lenti-GDNF injections to intact rhesus monkeys revealed long-term gene expression (8 months). In MPTP-treated monkeys, lenti-GDNF treatment reversed motor deficits in a hand-reach task. These data indicate that GDNF delivery using a lentiviral vector system can prevent nigrostriatal degeneration and induce regeneration in primate models of PD and might be a viable therapeutic strategy for PD patients.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kordower, J H -- Emborg, M E -- Bloch, J -- Ma, S Y -- Chu, Y -- Leventhal, L -- McBride, J -- Chen, E Y -- Palfi, S -- Roitberg, B Z -- Brown, W D -- Holden, J E -- Pyzalski, R -- Taylor, M D -- Carvey, P -- Ling, Z -- Trono, D -- Hantraye, P -- Deglon, N -- Aebischer, P -- NS40578/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Oct 27;290(5492):767-73.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jkordowe@rush.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11052933" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: 1-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine ; Aging ; Animals ; Antigens, CD/analysis ; Dihydroxyphenylalanine/*analogs & derivatives/metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dopamine/*metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression ; *Genetic Therapy ; Genetic Vectors ; Glial Cell Line-Derived Neurotrophic Factor ; Lentivirus/genetics ; Macaca mulatta ; Neostriatum/metabolism/pathology ; Nerve Degeneration/*prevention & control ; *Nerve Growth Factors ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/*genetics/metabolism/therapeutic use ; Neurons/enzymology ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology/*therapy ; Parkinsonian Disorders/metabolism/pathology/physiopathology/therapy ; Psychomotor Performance ; Substantia Nigra/metabolism/pathology ; Tyrosine 3-Monooxygenase/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    GABA and its agonists improved visual cortical function in senescent monkeys (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-05-06
    Description: Human cerebral cortical function degrades during old age. Much of this change may result from a degradation of intracortical inhibition during senescence. We used multibarreled microelectrodes to study the effects of electrophoretic application of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), the GABA type a (GABAa) receptor agonist muscimol, and the GABAa receptor antagonist bicuculline, respectively, on the properties of individual V1 cells in old monkeys. Bicuculline exerted a much weaker effect on neuronal responses in old than in young animals, confirming a degradation of GABA-mediated inhibition. On the other hand, the administration of GABA and muscimol resulted in improved visual function. Many treated cells in area V1 of old animals displayed responses typical of young cells. The present results have important implications for the treatment of the sensory, motor, and cognitive declines that accompany old age.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Leventhal, Audie G -- Wang, Yongchang -- Pu, Mingliang -- Zhou, Yifeng -- Ma, Yuanye -- AG-17922/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 May 2;300(5620):812-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology and Anatomy, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, UT 84132, USA. audie.leventhal@m.cc.utah.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12730605" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Aging ; Animals ; Bicuculline/pharmacology ; GABA Agonists/*pharmacology ; GABA Antagonists/pharmacology ; Macaca fascicularis ; Macaca mulatta ; Microelectrodes ; Muscimol/*pharmacology ; Neurons/*drug effects/physiology ; Photic Stimulation ; Visual Cortex/cytology/drug effects/*physiology ; Visual Perception/*drug effects ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/*pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    Toxicity of Pb/Zn mine tailings to the earthworm Pheretima and the effects of burrowing on metal availability (2002)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-08-01
    Print ISSN: 0178-2762
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0789
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pressure on the trapping site structures and absorption spectra of Li in solid H2: A path integral Monte Carlo study (2001)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 114 (2001), S. 3092-3104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Simulation studies for single atomic lithium in solid hydrogen using the path integral Monte Carlo (PIMC) method with a constant pressure ensemble are reported. The pressure dependencies of the absorption spectra of Li in solid H2 for various trapping sites are extensively investigated at T=5 K and different pressures in the range from 0 to 4.8 GPa. The local structure around the Li atom cannot be rearranged with respect to the presence of pressure. Effects of pressure on the trapping site structures refer only to the decrease in the Li–H2 and H2–H2 separations. The general pressure-induced effects on Li atomic absorption spectra associate with an increase in half-width and a centroid spectral shift (CSS), which experiences a blue shift below a turning pressure (Pt) and a red shift above Pt. For higher symmetrical trapping site structures, the peak splitting of the highly symmetrical triplet absorption pattern is mainly ascribed to the perturbation of the H2 molecules around the Li atom. For lower symmetrical trapping site structures, application of pressure also results in a change in absorption line shape from a low symmetrical triplet feature to a doublet plus singlet pattern, in which the doublet to singlet splitting increases remarkably with the increasing of pressure, while the perturbation of the H2 around the dopant largely determines the peak splitting for the "doublet." We demonstrate that the pressure provides a powerful means to probe the properties, which cannot be observed at zero pressure. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1340604
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymer waveguides useful over a very wide wavelength range from the ultraviolet to infrared (2000)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 77 (2000), S. 2961-2963 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have designed and fabricated polymer waveguides using the glassy polymers Cytop™ (a fluorinated polyether), PMMA C6 [poly(methyl methacrylate)], and Cyclotene™ 3022-35 (bisbenzocyclobutane). Since these materials exhibit excellent transparency over a wide wavelength range, and since the refractive index difference of Cytop™ and Cyclotene™ or Cytop™ and PMMA is greater than 0.19, both Cytop™/Cyclotene™/Cytop™ and Cytop™/PMMA/Cytop™ waveguide structures can be employed over a very wide wavelength range from the ultraviolet to the infrared. Efficient waveguiding is achieved for different light sources with 390, 633, 1064, 1310, and 1550 nm wavelengths. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1323547
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene and toluene monooxygenase genes from Burkholderia sp. AA1, an isolate capable of degrading aliphatic hydrocarbons and toluene (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of industrial microbiology and biotechnology 25 (2000), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-5535
    Keywords: Keywords: Burkholderia sp.; catechol 2,3-dioxygenase; monooxygenase; toluene; degradation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Burkholderia sp. AA1 isolated from a diesel fuel-contaminated site degraded toluene, as well as a wide range of alkanes from decane (C8) to pentacosane (C25) as sole carbon and energy sources. This strain also utilized m-toluate, p-toluate, o-toluate, and m-cresol as sole carbon and energy sources. Toluene- and toluate-grown cells showed catechol 2,3-dioxygenase activity and indole oxidation activity that is exhibited by some toluene oxygenation enzymes. The catechol 2,3-dioxygenase gene (catB) was cloned and sequenced. Its deduced amino acid sequence is analogous to the extradiol dioxygenases cloned from a variety of microorganisms. A DNA fragment containing the genes for the indole oxidation activity was cloned and sequenced. A seven-gene cluster designated as tbhABCDEFG was identified. Significant similarities were found with multicomponent monooxygenase systems for toluene, benzene and phenol from different bacterial strains. Journal of Industrial Microbiology & Biotechnology (2000) 25, 127–131.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.jim.7000042
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Semi-Quantitative Fluorescence Analysis of Calcein Binding as a Measurement of In Vitro Mineralization (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 80-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Calcein — Mineralization — Hydroxyapatite — Osteoblast —In vitro.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. We describe a new, highly sensitive semiquantitative method for rapid measurement of in vitro mineralization using calcein. Fluorescence analysis of the calcein bound to the calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite) allows direct quantitation of extracellular matrix mineral content in monolayer cultures of bone-forming cells such as primary osteoblasts or osteosarcoma cells. Osteosarcoma cell lines UMR 106 and SaOS-2 were used to demonstrate that qualitatively, calcein was bound to the same regions of the mineralized cell monolayer as seen by conventional histological staining with von Kossa or Alizarin Red S. Moreover, total bound calcein could be quantitated by direct fluorescence analysis using a Cytofluor II plate reader. Changes in cell monolayer calcein fluorescence were shown to correlate well with direct colorimetric measurement of acid-solubilized Ca+2 from parallel cultures. Relative mineral quantitation by calcein fluorescence is rapid and more sensitive than colorimetric Ca+2 assays, can be performed directly on unfixed or fixed cell monolayers, and does not require the use of radioisotopes. The cell monolayer remains intact and potentially available for further analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00223001101
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimal Tolerance Allocation Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation and Genetic Algorithm (2000)
    Springer
    The international journal of advanced manufacturing technology 16 (2000), S. 461-468 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-3015
    Keywords: Keywords:Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation; Genetic algorithm; Tolerance allocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: It is very important to know how to allocate tolerances economically for parts in a CAD/CAM system because this directly affects the machining costs of the parts. A new approach based on fuzzy comprehensive evaluation (FCE) and a genetic algorithm (GA) is presented to obtain a rational tolerance allocation for the parts. First, the current methods for tolerance allocation are reviewed in detail. Then, FCE is used to evaluate the machinability of a part; a new optimal model, which can fully exploit DFA (design for assembly) and DFM (design for manufacturing), is established by combining the functional sensitivity factors and machinability factors of parts. A genetic algorithm (GA) is developed and used to verify the feasibility of the above method; the computed result shows that the method can produce tolerance allocations economically and accurately.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001700070053
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Can a non-symmetric metric mimic NCQFT in $e^ + e^- \to \gamma \gamma$ ? (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 38 (2004), S. 379-388 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6052
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. In the non-symmetric gravitational theory (NGT) the space-time metric $g_{\mu\nu}$ departs from the flat-space Minkowski form $\eta_{\mu\nu}$ in such a way that it is no longer symmetric, i.e. $g_{\mu\nu} \ne g_{\nu\mu}$ . We find that in the most conservative such scenario coupled to quantum field theory, which we call minimally non-symmetric quantum field theory (MNQFT), there are experimentally measurable consequences similar to those from non-commutative quantum field theory (NCQFT). This can be expected from the Seiberg-Witten map which has recently been interpreted as equating gauge theories on non-commutative space-times with those in a field-dependent gravitational background. In particular, in scattering processes such as the pair annihilation $e^ + e^- \to \gamma \gamma$ , both theories make the same striking prediction that the azimuthal cross section oscillates in $\phi$ . However the predicted number of oscillations differs in the two theories: MNQFT predicts between one and four, whereas NCQFT has no such restriction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjc/s2004-02043-8
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sum-rule approaches to the elementary excitation spectrum of interacting gases of finite bosons in harmonic potentials (2004)
    Springer
    The European physical journal 29 (2004), S. 415-427 
    Details
    ISSN: 1434-6079
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Based on the corrected sum rules and generalized virial identities, we derive an expression for all modes of excitation spectrum of interacting Bose gases at finite atom numbers in axially anisotropic potentials, in terms of the N-body ground state average. Using the variational Gaussian calculation for the ground-state wave function, its explicit analytic formulas are obtained. These results show clearly the dependence of excitation spectrum on the interaction strength parameter $p = \sqrt{2/\pi}({a_{\rm sc}}/{a_{\rm ho}})(N-1)$ and trap geometry parameter $ \lambda $ for the system with N = 1 through $N\rightarrow \infty $ . For $ \lambda = 0$ and 1 the dependences have simple and intuitive physical interpretations. We compare the low-lying excitation spectra with the existing numerical results and make quantitative predications for future experiments and numerical simulation for higher-lying excitation modes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1140/epjd/e2004-00055-9
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