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  • Springer  (99)
  • 2000-2004  (87)
  • 1935-1939  (12)
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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Entladungen im zweigeschichteten Dielektrikum bei Stoßspannung (1939)
    Springer
    Electrical engineering 33 (1939), S. 458-465 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0487
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei einer Stoßspannung von 0,5¦50 (inμs) wurden die Entladungsvorgängc zwischen Spitzenelektroden im geschichteten Dielektrikum aus Luft und Öl längs einer Photoplatte untersucht, wobei die Gesamtschichtstärke bis 40 mm betrug. Als Vorversuch wurde zunächst die Formgebung der Entladungskanälc im Öl bcobachtet. Hierbei wurde wic in früheren Veröffentlichungen festgestellt, daß die Entladungsfiguren beider Polaritäten im Öl keinen so großen Unterschied zeigen wie in Luft. Ist im geschichteten Dielektrikum die Spitze in Luft positiv, so können wir folgende Vorgänge unterscheiden: 1. Die positive Figur erreicht zuerst die Grenzschicht und bildet darauf eine Schicht positiver Oberflächenladung. 2. Die Ladungsdichte auf der Oberfläche ist um so größer, je dünner die Luftschicht ist. 3. Erreicht die negative Ölfigur die Grenzfläche, so bildet sich an dem Treffpunkt ein leuchtender Fleck, der als Flußpunkt für eine neue negative Figur in der Luft dient. 4. Durch Vorwachsen der negativen Figur in Luft kommt der Überschlag im Luftraum und damit der Spannungszusammenbruch an der gesamten Anordnung zustande. Bei der umgekehrten Polarität ist folgendes zu beachten: 1. Ist die Spitze in Luft negativ, tritt keine wesentliche Ladung auf der Grenzschicht auf. 2. Bei dünner Ölschicht wächst eine positive Figur aus der Grenzschicht in den Luftraum bis zur negativen Figur vor. Dadurch setzt auch hier zunächst der Durchschlag der Luft ein, dem der Durchschlag im Öl folgt. Somit ist dann auch hier die Spannung an der gesamten Anordnung stufenweise zusammengebrochen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01661011
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of settling and early postlarval stages of mussels (Mytilus spp.) from the Pacific coast of North America, using prodissoconch morphology and genomic DNA (2000)
    Springer
    Marine biology 137 (2000), S. 811-818 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  Detailed inventories of the benthos and field studies of the settlement and recruitment processes of marine benthic invertebrates require accurate identification of newly settled larvae and early juvenile stages. We provide morphological criteria, visible under a good quality dissecting stereomicroscope, by which to discriminate between species of the settling larval and early postlarval stages (∼250 to 700 μm shell length) of mussels of the genus Mytilus on the west coast of Vancouver Island and Southern California. Compared to the bay mussel (M. trossulus), the sea mussel (M. californianus) has: (i) a shallower and flatter umbo, the latter corresponding to a significantly less pronounced prodissoconch I (PI) curvature and (ii) a greater PI length; as well as (iii) a wider separation between the provincular lateral teeth (PLT). The PLT distance is a new term denoting the separation between the midpoint of two reddish pigment spots of the provinculum (larval hinge apparatus) region of settling larvae and early postlarvae of Mytilus spp. from the East Pacific Coast. These spots mark the larger provincular lateral teeth, situated at either end of the provinculum. We confirmed the validity of morphological criteria by comparing PCR products of genomic DNA of provisionally identified postlarvae. Furthermore, measurements of PI lengths and PLT distance from well-preserved postlarvae of sea mussels (M. californianus) and of bay mussels (M. galloprovincialis) from Southern California indicate that the PI morphology and morphometry, and PLT distance criterion apply for that region as well. The criteria presented here can also apply to the advanced (competent) veliger stages, as the latter may settle (i.e. become the “settling” stage) upon encountering a suitable substrate. Our present and previously published work provide economical and effective identification methods that can be used to discriminate among early life history stages (∼250 μm to 5.0 mm shell length) of Mytilus spp. along the west coast of North America.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270000442
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of a telomeric boundary of the HLA region with potential for predisposition to human narcolepsy (2000)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 52 (2000), S. 12-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Keywords: Human narcolepsy Chromosome recombination Recombination breakpoint Susceptibility region
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We report on a study performed to determine a boundary of the region with the potential to contribute to the predisposition to human narcolepsy (the susceptibility region) in the human leukocyte antigen (HLA) region. We investigated a Japanese narcolepsy family, in which a de novo chromosomal recombination occurred between the HLA-DRB1 and HLA-B genes in the proband. The recombinant chromosome carrying HLA-DRB1*1501 was transmitted to the affected child and grandchild, suggesting that a strong genetic factor(s) predisposing to the disorder was (were) present on the chromosome, and that the recombination breakpoint could be regarded as a boundary to the susceptibility region. To search for the breakpoint, we carried out allele typing at various polymorphic sites, e.g., microsatellite repeat polymorphisms, restriction fragment length polymorphisms, and single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the HLA region, and examined haplotypes with the polymorphic sites in the family members. Haplotype analyses revealed that the recombination breakpoint was present ~50 kb to the telomeric side of the palmitoyl-protein thioesterase-2 (PPT2) gene in the HLA class III region. From the gene map of the HLA region, the cyclic AMP response element-binding protein-related protein gene (CREB-RP) appeared to be located at the telomeric end in the 50-kb region. Therefore, the data presented here suggest that the susceptibility region for the disorder in the family is present on the centromeric side of the CREB-RP gene in the recombinant Chromosome 6 carrying HLA-DRB1*1501.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002510000245
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Polymerization of guaiacol by lignin-degrading manganese peroxidase from Bjerkandera adusta in aqueous organic solvents (2000)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 54 (2000), S. 104-111 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract  Lignin-degrading manganese (II) peroxidase (MnP) purified from the culture of a wood-rotting basidiomycete, Bjerkandera adusta, was used in the polymerization of guaiacol. MnP was found to catalyze polymerization of guaiacol in 50% aqueous acetone, dimethyl formamide, methanol, ethanol, dioxane, acetonitrile, ethylene glycol and methylcellosolve. Maximum yield of polyguaiacol was achieved in 50% aqueous acetone. The weight average molecular weight (M w) of the polymer was estimated to be 30 300 by gel permeation chromatography. However, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectroscopy (MALDI-TOF-MS) analysis gave a more reliable M w of 1690. IR, 13C-NMR, MALDI-TOF-MS and pyrolysis GC-MS analyses showed the presence of C–C and C–O linkages and quinone structure in polyguaiacol. It was also indicated that polyguaiacol has a methoxy-phenyl group as the terminal moiety. This suggests that polyguaiacol is a branched polymer in which guaiacol units are cross-linked at the phenolic group. Thermal gravimetric and differential scanning calorimetric analyses were also carried out. MnP also catalyzed the polymerization of o-cresol, 2,6-dimethoxyphenol and other phenolic compounds and aromatic amines. M w of these polymers ranged from around 1000 to 1500.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530000340
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Carboxin resistance transformation of the homobasidiomycete fungus Pleurotus ostreatus (2000)
    Springer
    Current genetics 37 (2000), S. 209-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0983
    Keywords: Key words Basidiomycete ; Transformation ; White-rot fungi ; Carboxin ; Succinate:ubiquinone oxidoreductase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A novel selection marker gene for transformation of the white-rot basidiomycete Pleurotus ostreatus was developed by introducing a point mutation in a gene which encodes the iron-sulfur protein (Ip) subunit of succinate dehydrogenase. The mutant gene, Cbx R, encodes a modified Ip subunit with an amino-acid substitution (His239 to Leu) and confers resistance to the systemic fungicide, carboxin. The DNA sequence was integrated ectopically in the chromosome of the transformants. This is the first report of a homologous marker gene which is available for the molecular breeding of an edible mushroom.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002940050521
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of Titania from Tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium via Hydrolysis (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of sol gel science and technology 19 (2000), S. 365-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4846
    Keywords: titania ; tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium ; new precursor ; hydrolysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The conversion of tetrakis(diethylamino)titanium (Ti(NEt2)4) into titania via either a combination of hydrolysis (Ti(NEt2)4 : THF : H2O = 1 : 10 : x, x = 2, 4, 10) at ambient conditions and calcination (method A) or hydrolysis in a water-tetrahydrofuran (THF) mixture (Ti(NEt2)4 : THF : H2O = 1 : 10 : 100) at reflux (method B) was investigated. Titanium tertiary butoxide (Ti(O t Bu)4) was also used as a substitute for Ti(NEt2)4. The hydrolysis via method A resulted in the formation of amorphous solids containing organics. Thermal analyses showed that the hydrolysis products showed mass losses up to 500°C probably due to the presence of diethylamine (Et2NH) formed via the hydrolysis of Ti(NEt2)4 in the hydrolysis products, while a mass loss of the hydrolysis product from Ti(O t Bu)4 was completed up to about 200°C. After calcination at ≥600°C, anatase or a mixture of anatase and rutile was obtained. The crystallization behavior of the hydrolysis products from Ti(NEt2)4 was different from that of the hydrolysis product from Ti(O t Bu)4. The hydrolysis via method B gave only an amorphous material from Ti(NEt2)4, while a crystalline titania (anatase and brookite) formed from Ti(O t Bu)4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008718723502
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Pregnancy and Lactation on Trabecular Bone and Marrow Adipocytes in Rats (2000)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 67 (2000), S. 367-372 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Pregnancy — Lactation — Bone histomorphometry — Marrow adipocyte — Bone formation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Changes in the structure and metabolism of trabecular bone and marrow adipocytes in rats during pregnancy and the early stage of postpartum were evaluated by investigating bone mineral density (BMD) and bone and fat histomorphometry. Forty-nine female virgin Sprague-Dawley rats aged 200 days were mated and divided into seven groups: (1) beginning controls; (2) antepartum-on-day-7; (3) antepartum-on-day-21; (4) nonlactating on the fourth postpartum day; (5) nonlactating on the sixth postpartum day; (6) nonlactating on the eighth postpartum day; (7) lactating on the eight postpartum day. The significant decreases occurred in the trabecular bone at the end of pregnancy and lactation, and the bone formation increases and the bone structure is almost recovered in nonlactating rats within 6 days of postpartum. The percent adipocyte volume, adipocyte number, and unit adipocyte volume significantly decreased during postpartum whether lactating or nonlactating, and they significantly showed negative correlation with the osteoid volume values. The serum triglyceride value and body weight of the seven groups correlated significantly with the unit adipocyte volume value (r = 0.49, P= 0.004; r = 0.58, P= 0.0005, respectively). We concluded that bone resorption and formation are regulated separately during late pregnancy and lactation and that the recovery of BMD from lactation appears to rely on an acceleration of bone formation. Furthermore, the metabolism of the marrow adipocyte may be correlated with bone formation rates, serum triglyceride value, and body weight during pregnancy and early stage of puerperium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002230001145
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Method of Analyzing Edge Effect in Phase Contrast Imaging with Incoherent X-rays (2000)
    Springer
    Optical review 7 (2000), S. 566-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1349-9432
    Keywords: phase contrast ; incoherent X-ray ; edge effect ; half-width of edge enhancement ; Cu ; Mo ; W anodes X-ray tubes ; refraction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract A method has been devised to calculate the half-width of the phase contrast enhanced edge of an X-ray- image with incoherent X-rays. This method is based on changes in the wave fronts of X-rays after penetrating an object, and it takes into account the blur due to penumbra observed in practical radiographic imaging. The method closely predicted edge enhancement when images of a plastic fiber were produced with practical X-ray tubes (Cu, Mo, and W anodes with focus-diameters of 10,100, and 40 μ, respectively). Thus, the method shows promise in facilitating phase contrast X-ray imaging in both medical radiography and non-destructive inspection using incoherent X-rays from X-ray tubes with substantial focus-sizes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10043-000-0566-z
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A sex pheromone component novel to Ostrinia identified from Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) (2000)
    Springer
    Chemoecology 10 (2000), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: Key words.Ostrinia latipennis– sex pheromone – (E)-11-tetradecenol – Lepidoptera – Crambidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary. Extracts from the sex pheromone gland of Ostrinia latipennis (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) were analyzed by gas chromatography-electroantennographic detection (GC-EAD) and GC-mass spectrometry. Only an EAD-active compound was detected in the extract, and it was identified as (E)-11-tetradecenol (E11-14:OH). In a wind-tunnel bioassay, E11-14:OH elicited a series of mate finding behaviors from males, although it was far less active than virgin females and crude extract of the pheromone gland. The attractiveness of E11-14:OH to O. latipennis males was confirmed by field trapping experiments. Based on these findings, we concluded that E11-14:OH, which is novel to the genus Ostrinia, is a major component of the sex pheromone in O. latipennis. The significance of the use of alcohol in place of the usual acetates in Ostrinia is discussed in relation to the pheromone biosynthesis system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00001816
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Meiotic segregation analysis of a 14;21 Robertsonian translocation carrier by fluorescence in situ hybridization (2000)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 106 (2000), S. 188-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Meiotic segregation of chromosomes 14 and 21 in sperm from a 14;21 Robertsonian translocation carrier was analyzed with dual-color FISH using two locus-specific DNA probes (Tel 14q and LSI 21). The frequency of normal or chromosomally balanced sperm, resulting from alternate segregation, was 88.42%. The frequency of unbalanced sperm, resulting from adjacent segregation, was 11.25%. These observed frequencies deviated significantly from the theoretical frequencies (33.33% and 66.67%, respectively) based on random chromosome segregation, with sperm resulting from alternate segregation being preferentially produced in the translocation carrier. With respect to the chromosomally unbalanced sperm, the frequency of 21q disomic sperm was 2.45%, which is in agreement with the frequencies of unbalanced fetuses or offspring at the time of amniocentesis or at term (0–4.3%) reported by others. Although the frequency of 14 or 21 nullisomic sperm should be theoretically equal to that of 14q or 21q disomic sperm in both the carrier and controls, the frequency of nullisomic sperm was significantly higher than that of disomic sperm in the carrier (P=0.0009 for chromosome 14, P〈0.0001 for chromosome 21) but not in the controls (P=0.091 for chromosome 14, P=0.74 for chromosome 21). This evidence suggests the occurrence of maturation arrest during spermatogenesis of the carrier.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004399900216
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