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  • Springer  (101)
  • American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)  (8)
  • American Meteorological Society (AMS)
  • 2000-2004  (19)
  • 1990-1994  (76)
  • 1935-1939  (14)
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Keywords
Publisher
Years
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural language processing for transparent communication between public administration and citizens (2000)
    Springer
    Artificial intelligence and law 8 (2000), S. 1-34 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8382
    Keywords: dialogue systems ; multilingual NL generation ; natural language processing ; public administration
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Law
    Notes: Abstract This paper presents two projects concerned with the application of natural language processing technology for improving communication between Public Administration and citizens. The first project, GIST,is concerned with automatic multilingual generation of instructional texts for form-filling. The second project, TAMIC, aims at providing an interface for interactive access to information, centered on natural language processing and supposed to be used by the clerk but with the active participation of the citizen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008394902165
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Persistence of the insecticide dimethoate in three different soils under laboratory conditions (1991)
    Springer
    Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 46 (1991), S. 492-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0800
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01688190
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chemical Composition and Microstructure of Plasma-Nitrided Aluminium (2000)
    Springer
    Microchimica acta 133 (2000), S. 285-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-5073
    Keywords: Key words: Aluminium; plasma-assisted nitriding; AlN; AES; TEM.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract.  Detailed examinations were made by AES depth profiling, SEM, TEM and electron diffraction to get information about the relation between treatment conditions and the state of plasma-nitrided aluminium. The chemical composition and the elemental depth distribution were proofed to be depending on gas phase mixture, pressure and temperature during plasma treatment. The admixture of hydrogen during presputtering for surface cleaning and during nitriding results both in an improved nitriding behaviour and in a reduction of the formation of conical-shaped particles at the surface. The microstructure of the nitride layer isn’t depending on tested process conditions significantly. Surface and interface between layer and substrate are roughly in a scale of a few ten nanometers owing to sputtering effects. The main phase inside the layer is nanocrystalline AlN of the known hexagonal modification. In addition, some crystallites of remaining aluminium are present as a second phase. In contrast to nitrogen-implanted aluminium no preferred lattice orientation of the AlN phase was evident.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s006040070106
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Testing the Porcupine Plate hypothesis (1994)
    Springer
    Marine geophysical researches 16 (1994), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0581
    Keywords: North Atlantic ; tectonics ; Charlie-Gibbs fracture zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Porcupine Plate, postulated in 1986 to explain difficulties in reconstructing anomalies 21 and 24 in the North Atlantic, is re-examined. Focusing sharply on the spreading segments nearest to Charlie-Gibbs Fracture Zone casts doubt on the Porcupine Plate hypothesis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01224748
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Far ultraviolet imaging from the IMAGE spacecraft. 3. Spectral imaging of Lyman-α and OI 135.6 nm (2000)
    Springer
    Space science reviews 91 (2000), S. 287-318 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9672
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Two FUV Spectral imaging instruments, the Spectrographic Imager (SI) and the Geocorona Photometer (GEO) provide IMAGE with simultaneous global maps of the hydrogen (121.8 nm) and oxygen 135.6 nm components of the terrestrial aurora and with observations of the three dimensional distribution of neutral hydrogen in the magnetosphere (121.6 nm). The SI is a novel instrument type, in which spectral separation and imaging functions are independent of each other. In this instrument, two-dimensional images are produced on two detectors, and the images are spectrally filtered by a spectrograph part of the instrument. One of the two detectors images the Doppler-shifted Lyman-α while rejecting the geocoronal `cold’ Ly-α, and another detector images the OI 135.6 nm emission. The spectrograph is an all-reflective Wadsworth configuration in which a grill arrangement is used to block most of the cold, un-Doppler-shifted geocoronal emission at 121.567 nm. The SI calibration established that the upper limit of transmission at cold geocoronal Ly-α is less than 2%. The measured light collecting efficiency was 0.01 and 0.008 cm2 at 121.8 and at 135.6 nm, respectively. This is consistent with the size of the input aperture, the optical transmission, and the photocathode efficiency. The expected sensitivity is 1.8×10−2 and 1.3×10−2 counts per Rayleigh per pixel for each 5 s viewing exposure per satellite revolution (120 s). The measured spatial resolution is better than the 128×128 pixel matrix over the 15°×15° field of view in both wavelength channels. The SI detectors are photon counting devices using the cross delay line principle. In each detector a triple stack microchannel plate (MCP) amplifies the photo-electronic charge which is then deposited on a specially configured anode array. The position of the photon event is measured by digitizing the time delay between the pulses detected at each end of the anode structures. This scheme is intrinsically faster than systems that use charge division and it has a further advantage that it saturates more gradually at high count rates. The geocoronal Ly-α is measured by a three-channel photometer system (GEO) which is a separate instrument. Each photometer has a built in MgF2 lens to restrict the field of view to one degree and a ceramic electron multiplier with a KBr photocathode. One of the tubes is pointing radially outward perpendicular to the axis of satellite rotation. The optic of the other two subtend 60° with the rotation axis. These instruments take data continuously at 3 samples per second and rely on the combination of satellite rotation and orbital motion to scan the hydrogen cloud surrounding the earth. The detective efficiencies (effective quantum efficiency including windows) of the three tubes at Ly-α are between 6 and 10%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1005292301251
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Thermal stability of Mo/Si multilayer soft-X-ray mirrors fabricated by electron-beam evaporation (1994)
    Springer
    Applied physics 58 (1994), S. 371-376 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 68.55 ; 68.65 ; 78.65
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Mo/Si multilayers are fabricated by electron-beam evaporation in UHV at different temperatures (30° C, 150° C, 200° C) during deposition. After completion their thermal stability is tested by baking them at temperatures (T bak) between 200° C and 800° C in steps of 50° C or 100° C. After each baking step the multilayers are characterized by small angle CuKα-X-ray diffraction. Additionally, the normal incidence soft-X-ray reflectivity for wavelengths between 11 nm and 19 nm is determined after baking at 500° C. Furthermore, the layer structure of the multilayers is investigated by means of Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) and sputter/Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) technique. While the reflectivity turns out to be highest for a deposition temperature of 150° C, the thermal stability of the multilayer increases with deposition temperature. The multilayer deposited at 200° C stands even a 20 min 500° C baking without considerable changes in the reflectivity behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00323612
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Expression of Dlx genes during the development of the murine dentition (2000)
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 210 (2000), S. 270-275 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Key words Dlx ; Homeobox ; Dentition ; Tooth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The mammalian Dlx homeobox gene family has been shown to play multiple roles in tooth development, but a detailed comparison of the expression pattern of all members throughout tooth development has been lacking. We provide such an analysis for the six known murine Dlx genes. The expression patterns for these genes allow a refinement of previously proposed models for the role of Dlx genes in tooth type specification and raise the possibility of roles for subsets of these genes in tooth initiation, morphogenesis (enamel navel formation, enamel knot induction, cervical loop growth), and enamel formation. The relationship of Dlx gene expression to their genomic organization suggests coordinate regulation of linked genes at early stages but regulatory differences at later stages.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004270050314
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ewing's tumor X mouse hybrids expressing the MIC2 antigen: analyses using fluorescence CDD-banding and non-isotopic ISH (1992)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 88 (1992), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We present a highly sensitive method that has been applied to map the chromosomal origin of the prominent cell surface antigen of Ewing's tumor cells recognized by monoclonal antibody HBA-71. The technique allows an unambiguous identification of human chromosomal material in interspecific cell hybrids. This is achieved by fluorescent in situ hybridization of biotinylated total human DNA, followed by high resolution fluorescence banding with the chromomycin/distamycin/ DAPI triple stain. An advantage of this method is that all signals can be visualized in one single operation by simply switching the appropriate filter blocks. The protocol has proved extremely useful in gene mapping by means of interspecific cell hybrids, a technique that depends on the accurate and unambiguous recognition of the relevant (e.g., human) genetic material in the clonal genome. Our studies confirm that this antigen is the product of the MIC2 gene, which is so far the only well-studied pseudoautosomal gene in man, and which is located on the short arms of chromosomes X and Y. Furthermore, no influence of the Ewing's tumor-specific translocation t(11;22) on MIC2 expression could be discerned.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197258
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Density dependent interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungi and even-aged seedlings of two perennial Fabaceae species (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 91 (1992), S. 281-287 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizas ; Densitydependence ; Plant population dynamics ; Resource depletion ; Phosphorus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The interaction of density and mycorrhizal effects on the growth, mineral nutrition and size distribution of seedlings of two perennial members of the Fabaceae was investigated in pot culture. Seedlings of Otholobium hirtum and Aspalathus linearis were grown at densities of 1, 4, 8 and 16 plants per 13-cm pot with or without vesicular-arbuscular (VA) mycorrhizal inoculum for 120 days. Plant mass, relative growth rates, height and leaf number all decreased with increasing plant density. This was ascribed to the decreasing availability of phosphorus per plant as density increased. O. hirtum was highly dependent on mycorrhizas for P uptake but both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal A. linearis seedlings were able to extract soil P with equal ease. Plant size distribution as measured by the coefficient of variation (CV) of shoot mass was greater at higher densities. CVs of mycorrhizal O. hirtum plants were higher than those of non-mycorrhizal plants. CVs of the facultatively mycorrhizal A. linearis were similar for both mycorrhizal and non-mycorrhizal plants. Higher CVs are attributed to resource preemption by larger individuals. Individuals in populations with high CVs will probably survive stress which would result in the extinction of populations with low CVs. Mass of mycorrhizal plants of both species decreased more rapidly with increasing density than did non-mycorrhizal plant mass. It is concluded that the cost of being mycorrhizal increases as plant density increases, while the benefit decreases. The results suggest that mycorrhizas will influence density-dependent population processes of faculative and obligate mycorrhizal species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317797
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regrowth and tannin production in woody and succulent karoo shrubs in response to simulated browsing (1993)
    Springer
    Oecologia 96 (1993), S. 562-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Induced defence ; Clipping ; Semi-arid shrubs ; Herbivore-deterrents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Allocation of carbon to chemical defences has often been suggested to be a direct response to browsing or grazing by herbivores. This study quantitatively compares total polyphenol and tannin production in response to simulated browsing of three karoo shrubs in order to test this induced defence hypothesis. The three species studied responded to browsing either by rapid regrowth or by increasing polyphenol production in the remaining tissues. The patterns did not follow any phylogenetic relationships but were weakly associated with the palatability of each species. The highly palatable deciduous species Osteospermum sinuatum, which is capable of rapid regrowth, showed no or very low levels of constitutive and browsing-induced total polyphenols, condensed tannins and protein-precipitating tannins. The evergreen sclerophyllous species Pteronia pallens showed a limited regrowth capacity and had intermediate levels of polyphenols, while the evergreen succulent species Ruschia spinosa showed almost no regrowth over the study period. R. spinosa contained the highest constitutive and browsing-induced levels of polyphenols, condensed tannins and protein-precipitating tannins. In two of the species more than one anti-herbivore defence feature co-occur. P. pallens foliage contains both hepatotoxins and polyphenols while R. spinosa has both structural (spines) and chemical defences. Responses of karoo shrubs to simulated browsing are interpreted as the result of passive alterations in plant chemistry rather than as an active defence response to herbivores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00320514
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