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  • 1
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    Simulations of the Madden-Julian Oscillation in four pairs of coupled and uncoupled global models (2007)
    Springer-Verlag
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: The status of the numerical reproduction of the Madden–Julian Oscillation (MJO) by current global models was assessed through diagnoses of four pairs of coupled and uncoupled simulations. Slow eastward propagation of the MJO, especially in low-level zonal wind, is realistic in all these simulations. However, the simulated MJO suffers from several common problems. The MJO signal in precipitation is generally too weak and often eroded by an unrealistic split of an equatorial maximum of precipitation into a double ITCZ structure over the western Pacific. The MJO signal in low-level zonal wind, on the other hand, is sometimes too strong over the eastern Pacific but too weak over the Indian Ocean. The observed phase relationship between precipitation and low-level zonal wind associated with the MJO in the western Pacific and their coherence in general are not reproduced by the models. The seasonal migration in latitude of MJO activity is missing in most simulations. Air–sea coupling generally strengthens the simulated eastward propagating signal, but its effects on the phase relationship and coherence between precipitation and low-level zonal wind, and on their geographic distributions, seasonal cycles, and interannual variability are inconsistent among the simulations. Such inconsistency cautions generalization of results from MJO simulations using a single model. In comparison to observations, biases in the simulated MJO appear to be related to biases in the background state of mean precipitation, low-level zonal wind, and boundary-layer moisture convergence. This study concludes that, while the realistic simulations of the eastward propagation of the MJO are encouraging, reproducing other fundamental features of the MJO by current global models remains an unmet challenge.
    Description: Published
    Description: 573-592
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: oscillation ; 01. Atmosphere::01.01. Atmosphere::01.01.02. Climate
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inequi-Diameter Milling of Gear Indexing Cam and Computer Aided NC Programming (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 10-12 (Dec. 2007), p. 657-661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: According to the analysis of engagement between indexing roller and cam contour asgear indexing cam mechanism operating and milling process as contour being machined, threekinds of surfaces, cam’s contour, the surface swept by roller’s axis during engagement and thesurface swept by cutter’s axis in milling process, are equidistant surfaces. Based on isometrictheory, the approaches to determine tool path and to calculate NC program coordinates forinequi-diameter milling have been developed. The architecture of computer aided programmingsoftware for inequi-diameter milling was illustrated. Practical example of inequi-diameter millingNC codes was presented. In inequi-milling process, NC program can be updated to adapt the changeof cutter diameter in time. So, cutter’s life can be prolonged, the cost of cutter can be cut down
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/38/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMM.10-12.657.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Finite Element Model Updating of Large Structures by the Clustering of Parameter Sensitivities (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 5-6 (Oct. 2006), p. 85-92 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Finite element model updating of a Westland Lynx XZ649 helicopter tail is presented.Eigenvalue sensitivities with respect to Young’s modulus and mass density are used. Large groupsbased on material input data were divided to form smaller subgroups so that those parts of themodel responsible for errors in the predicted eigenvalues were located. A particular newdevelopment was the use of parameter clustering based on the similarity of different columns of thesensitivity matrix. Finally the finite element model was updated successfully with regard to thelower frequency tail-bending modes
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/39/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMM.5-6.85.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Design Optimization Process of Complex Product Based on MDO (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Applied mechanics and materials Vol. 10-12 (Dec. 2007), p. 155-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-7482
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Complex products are integrated by many subsystems through complex couplings. It isfussy to do design optimization on complex product in traditional mode. In this paper, a new designoptimization process is illustrated based MDO technology. First, the traditional design optimizationprocess of complex product is analyzed. And then, the MDO techniques are introduced. Using theMDO techniques, we conclude a new design optimization process which can improve the efficiencyand the steps of this process is illustrated
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/38/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMM.10-12.155.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Study on the Erbium Strengthened Aluminum Alloy (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 546-549 (May 2007), p. 623-628 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: We have systemically studied the effect of the erbium on the microstructure and themechanical properties in the 5xxx series aluminum alloys by using optical microscope, transmissionelectron microscope (TEM) and by tensile testing. The results demonstrate that the tensile strengthincreased quickly at the beginning of small contents of 0.1%Er both in the hot and cold rolled states,then slowly increased with increasing the contents of Er until 0.4%, at which the best balance of thestrength and ductility (438MPa and 9.6%) were obtained. Microstructure observation in the hot rolledstate was indicated that the grain structure in the Er free Al-5Mg alloy revealed fully recrystallizedgrain structure, while in the Al-5Mg containing Er was demonstrated deformation structure,indicating the Er addition delayed the recrystallization behavior by the formation of the precipitationof the Al3Er, which confirmed by means of the X-ray diffraction analysis. Furthermore in the TEMmicrostructure observation the precipitation of Al3Er was distributed both in the grain interior andsubgrain or grain boundaries, which could be pinning the subgrain or grain boundary migration anddislocation movement as well. Consequently the beginning of the recrystallization temperature in theAl-5Mg containing Er was elevated about 50ºC than in Al-5Mg without Er. This could be explainedthat the strength increased without the deterioration of the ductility was attributed to themicrostructure refinement by the Er addition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/16/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.546-549.623.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of intraperitoneal injection of cortisol on non-specific immune functions of Ctenopharyngodon idella (2005)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of fish biology 67 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1095-8649
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: After grass carps Ctenopharyngodon idellus were injected with cortisol, with (CBC) and without (C) a cocoa butter carrier, the effects of both slowly and rapidly acting exogenous cortisol on their non-specific immune functions were investigated. On the one hand, after injection with CBC, the cortisol concentration and lysozyme activity in fish serum were enhanced and were sustained at high levels for a long period (30 days). The killing activity in the serum declined with time, and phagocytosis of head kidney macrophages diminished significantly (P 〈 0·05 or P 〈 0·01). The leukocrit values in the high dose group (31·8 mg cortisol fish−1) increased over time, however, with the maximum average being 5·6% at day 30. The spleen mass index in the high dose group was 0·93 × 10−3 after 30 days, notably lower (P 〈 0·05) than that in the control group. In addition, a decrease in resistance to Aeromonas hydrophila infection in cortisol-treated fish was shown, with the final cumulative mortalities being 54·5 and 66·7% in the low and high dose groups, respectively. On the other hand, there was a decrease in both serum cortisol concentration and lysozyme activity of the experimental fish within 2 weeks after injection with C, where plasma bactericidal activities in the high dose group (31·8 mg cortisol fish−1) were remarkably lower (P 〈 0·01) than those in the control group at each sampling, but were increased slightly over time. The results of which were different from those in the CBC trial. Phagocytic activity of head kidney macrophages and spleen mass index decreased significantly (P 〈 0·05), while there were increases in leukocrit value and cumulative mortality due to A. hydrophila. The results of which were similar to those in the CBC trial. This study indicated that the injection of cortisol depressed the non-specific immune functions of the grass carp and increased its susceptibility to disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0022-1112.2005.00779.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    NMDA receptors mediate calcium accumulation in myelin during chemical ischaemia (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 439 (2006), S. 988-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Central nervous system myelin is a specialized structure produced by oligodendrocytes that ensheaths axons, allowing rapid and efficient saltatory conduction of action potentials. Many disorders promote damage to and eventual loss of the myelin sheath, which often results in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature04474
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative analysis of early H2O2 accumulation in compatible and incompatible wheat–powdery mildew interactions (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 54 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Comparative analysis was carried out for hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) accumulation in response to powdery mildew (Blumeria graminis[Erysiphe graminis] f.sp. tritici) primary germ tube (PGT) and appressorial germ tube (AGT) contact, and in papilla (cell wall apposition) and hypersensitive responses (HR) in wheat (Triticum aestivum). Using primary leaves of three susceptible wheat lines (Bainong 3217; Beijing 837; Jingshuang 16) and five resistant lines [Mardler (Pm2 + Pm6); Ulka/8 × Cc (Pm2); Mardler/7 × Bainong 3217 (Pm2); Pm16; Pm16/7 × Beijing 837 (Pm16)], early H2O2 accumulation between 10 and 48 h after inoculation was studied. Strong H2O2 accumulation was found in effective papillae and associated cytosolic vesicles in both susceptible and resistant wheat lines, suggesting the important role of H2O2 in effective papillae formed as a general plant defence against powdery mildew. High frequency of effective papilla formation was observed in all five resistant lines. Among resistant lines, hypersensitive cell death was detected earlier in Mardler and Ulka/8 × Cc than in Pm16 and Pm16/7 × Beijing 837. In all cases this was associated with H2O2 accumulation in attacked epidermal cells. Interestingly, penetration resistance but not HR appeared to be mediated by the Pm2 gene in the Mardler/7 × Bainong 3217 line, suggesting that Pm2 may govern an HR-independent defence pathway in this genetic background. As effective papillae and HR did not occur in the same cells, papilla deposition may be independent of the HR response, despite the fact that both defence mechanisms were associated with high H2O2 accumulation. In wheat powdery mildew-incompatible interactions, HR acts as a second line of defence to contain infection when the papilla defence fails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3059.2005.01173.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-Ray Diffraction and Raman Scattering Study of Sr〈sub〉1-x〈/sub〉Bi〈sub〉2+y〈/sub〉Ta〈sub〉2〈/sub〉O〈sub〉9〈/sub〉 Nanoparticles (2005)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 475-479 (Jan. 2005), p. 3539-3542 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Sr1-xBi2+yTa2O9 (x, y=0.2, 0) nanoparticles, synthesized by a sol-gel method, are investigated by X-ray diffraction and Raman spectroscopy. Large structure distortion shows the size effects in nanoparticles, which gives rise to the Raman bands broadening. The Bi content is the most important factor responsible for non-stoichiometric SrBi2Ta2O9 structure distortion and providing the larger ferroelectric spontaneous polarization and the higher Curie temperature. The stability of the crystal structure is discussed in consideration of inner compressive stress innanoparticles
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/10/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.475-479.3539.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Research on Genetic Optimization of Special Spiral Rod Grinding Process (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 304-305 (Feb. 2006), p. 118-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: In the grinding process of special spiral rods, the actual feed rate is far below theallowable limit, resulting in great efficiency waste. To tackle the problem, this paper presents a controlling strategy which significantly improves rough grinding efficiency through changing grinding feed rate, enhances work-piece surface quality and shortens the processing time. Based on the establishment of the work cycle model of the special spiral rod grinding process, the strategy sets the grinding efficiency of each individual rod section as the objective function, thus via genetic algorithm realizes an optimal calculation on grinding feed rate variable and resolves the power and roundness constraint problem. Through computer simulation, an optimal grinding control plan is obtained which can help the grinding process to achieve overall optimization
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/50/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.304-305.118.pdf
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