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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2007-05-15
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2005-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0002-1962
    Electronic ISSN: 1435-0645
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Wiley
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2005-12-26
    Print ISSN: 0003-6951
    Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118
    Topics: Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-11-03
    Description: The equatorial Medusae Fossae Formation (MFF) is enigmatic and perhaps among the youngest geologic deposits on Mars. They are thought to be composed of volcanic ash, eolian sediments, or an ice-rich material analogous to polar layered deposits. The Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding (MARSIS) instrument aboard the Mars Express Spacecraft has detected nadir echoes offset in time-delay from the surface return in orbits over MFF material. These echoes are interpreted to be from the subsurface interface between the MFF material and the underlying terrain. The delay time between the MFF surface and subsurface echoes is consistent with massive deposits emplaced on generally planar lowlands materials with a real dielectric constant of approximately 2.9 +/- 0.4. The real dielectric constant and the estimated dielectric losses are consistent with a substantial component of water ice. However, an anomalously low-density, ice-poor material cannot be ruled out. If ice-rich, the MFF must have a higher percentage of dust and sand than polar layered deposits. The volume of water in an ice-rich MFF deposit would be comparable to that of the south polar layered deposits.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Watters, Thomas R -- Campbell, Bruce -- Carter, Lynn -- Leuschen, Carl J -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Orosei, Roberto -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Clifford, Stephen M -- Farrell, William M -- Ivanov, Anton B -- Phillips, Roger J -- Stofan, Ellen R -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Nov 16;318(5853):1125-8. Epub 2007 Nov 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Earth and Planetary Studies, National Air and Space Museum, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC 20560, USA. watterst@si.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17975034" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Geologic Sediments ; Ice ; *Mars ; Radar
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2007-03-17
    Description: The ice-rich south polar layered deposits of Mars were probed with the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express orbiter. The radar signals penetrate deep into the deposits (more than 3.7 kilometers). For most of the area, a reflection is detected at a time delay that is consistent with an interface between the deposits and the substrate. The reflected power from this interface indicates minimal attenuation of the signal, suggesting a composition of nearly pure water ice. Maps were generated of the topography of the basal interface and the thickness of the layered deposits. A set of buried depressions is seen within 300 kilometers of the pole. The thickness map shows an asymmetric distribution of the deposits and regions of anomalous thickness. The total volume is estimated to be 1.6 x 10(6) cubic kilometers, which is equivalent to a global water layer approximately 11 meters thick.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Ivanov, Anton B -- Milkovich, Sarah M -- Cicchetti, Andrea -- Kofman, Wlodek -- Mouginot, Jeremie -- Farrell, William M -- Phillips, Roger J -- Clifford, Stephen M -- Frigeri, Alessandro -- Orosei, Roberto -- Federico, Costanzo -- Williams, Iwan P -- Gurnett, Donald A -- Nielsen, Erling -- Hagfors, Tor -- Heggy, Essam -- Stofan, Ellen R -- Plettemeier, Dirk -- Watters, Thomas R -- Leuschen, Carlton J -- Edenhofer, Peter -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 6;316(5821):92-5. Epub 2007 Mar 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17363628" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; *Ice ; *Mars ; Radar ; Spacecraft ; *Water
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Both poles of Mars are hidden beneath caps of layered ice. We calculated the density of the south polar layered deposits by combining the gravity field obtained from initial results of radio tracking of the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter with existing surface topography from the Mars Orbiter Laser Altimeter on the Mars Global Surveyor spacecraft and basal topography from the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding on the Mars Express spacecraft. The results indicate a best-fit density of 1220 kilograms per cubic meter, which is consistent with water ice that has approximately 15% admixed dust. The results demonstrate that the deposits are probably composed of relatively clean water ice and also refine the martian surface-water inventory.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zuber, Maria T -- Phillips, Roger J -- Andrews-Hanna, Jeffrey C -- Asmar, Sami W -- Konopliv, Alexander S -- Lemoine, Frank G -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Smith, David E -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1718-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Cambridge, MA 02139-4307, USA. zuber@mit.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885129" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2008-05-17
    Description: The Shallow Radar (SHARAD) on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter has imaged the internal stratigraphy of the north polar layered deposits of Mars. Radar reflections within the deposits reveal a laterally continuous deposition of layers, which typically consist of four packets of finely spaced reflectors separated by homogeneous interpacket regions of nearly pure ice. The packet/interpacket structure can be explained by approximately million-year periodicities in Mars' obliquity or orbital eccentricity. The observed approximately 100-meter maximum deflection of the underlying substrate in response to the ice load implies that the present-day thickness of an equilibrium elastic lithosphere is greater than 300 kilometers. Alternatively, the response to the load may be in a transient state controlled by mantle viscosity. Both scenarios probably require that Mars has a subchondritic abundance of heat-producing elements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Phillips, Roger J -- Zuber, Maria T -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- Mellon, Michael T -- Head, James W -- Tanaka, Kenneth L -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Milkovich, Sarah M -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Seu, Roberto -- Biccari, Daniela -- Carter, Lynn M -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Orosei, Roberto -- Mohit, P Surdas -- Heggy, Essam -- Zurek, Richard W -- Egan, Anthony F -- Giacomoni, Emanuele -- Russo, Federica -- Cutigni, Marco -- Pettinelli, Elena -- Holt, John W -- Leuschen, Carl J -- Marinangeli, Lucia -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 May 30;320(5880):1182-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1157546. Epub 2008 May 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. roger@boulder.swri.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18483402" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2005-12-02
    Description: We report the first radar soundings of the ionosphere of Mars with the MARSIS (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding) instrument on board the orbiting Mars Express spacecraft. Several types of ionospheric echoes are observed, ranging from vertical echoes caused by specular reflection from the horizontally stratified ionosphere to a wide variety of oblique and diffuse echoes. The oblique echoes are believed to arise mainly from ionospheric structures associated with the complex crustal magnetic fields of Mars. Echoes at the electron plasma frequency and the cyclotron period also provide measurements of the local electron density and magnetic field strength.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gurnett, D A -- Kirchner, D L -- Huff, R L -- Morgan, D D -- Persoon, A M -- Averkamp, T F -- Duru, F -- Nielsen, E -- Safaeinili, A -- Plaut, J J -- Picardi, G -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1929-33. Epub 2005 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA. donald-gurnett@uiowa.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16319123" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2005-12-02
    Description: The martian subsurface has been probed to kilometer depths by the Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionospheric Sounding instrument aboard the Mars Express orbiter. Signals penetrate the polar layered deposits, probably imaging the base of the deposits. Data from the northern lowlands of Chryse Planitia have revealed a shallowly buried quasi-circular structure about 250 kilometers in diameter that is interpreted to be an impact basin. In addition, a planar reflector associated with the basin structure may indicate the presence of a low-loss deposit that is more than 1 kilometer thick.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Picardi, Giovanni -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Biccari, Daniela -- Bombaci, Ornella -- Calabrese, Diego -- Cartacci, Marco -- Cicchetti, Andrea -- Clifford, Stephen M -- Edenhofer, Peter -- Farrell, William M -- Federico, Costanzo -- Frigeri, Alessandro -- Gurnett, Donald A -- Hagfors, Tor -- Heggy, Essam -- Herique, Alain -- Huff, Richard L -- Ivanov, Anton B -- Johnson, William T K -- Jordan, Rolando L -- Kirchner, Donald L -- Kofman, Wlodek -- Leuschen, Carlton J -- Nielsen, Erling -- Orosei, Roberto -- Pettinelli, Elena -- Phillips, Roger J -- Plettemeier, Dirk -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Seu, Roberto -- Stofan, Ellen R -- Vannaroni, Giuliano -- Watters, Thomas R -- Zampolini, Enrico -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Dec 23;310(5756):1925-8. Epub 2005 Nov 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Infocom Department, "La Sapienza" University of Rome, 00184 Rome, Italy.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16319122" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2007-09-22
    Description: Mars' polar regions are covered with ice-rich layered deposits that potentially contain a record of climate variations. The sounding radar SHARAD on the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter mapped detailed subsurface stratigraphy in the Promethei Lingula region of the south polar plateau, Planum Australe. Radar reflections interpreted as layers are correlated across adjacent orbits and are continuous for up to 150 kilometers along spacecraft orbital tracks. The reflectors are often separated into discrete reflector sequences, and strong echoes are seen as deep as 1 kilometer. In some cases, the sequences are dipping with respect to each other, suggesting an interdepositional period of erosion. In Australe Sulci, layers are exhumed, indicating recent erosion.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Seu, Roberto -- Phillips, Roger J -- Alberti, Giovanni -- Biccari, Daniela -- Bonaventura, Francesco -- Bortone, Marco -- Calabrese, Diego -- Campbell, Bruce A -- Cartacci, Marco -- Carter, Lynn M -- Catallo, Claudio -- Croce, Anna -- Croci, Renato -- Cutigni, Marco -- Di Placido, Antonio -- Dinardo, Salvatore -- Federico, Costanzo -- Flamini, Enrico -- Fois, Franco -- Frigeri, Alessandro -- Fuga, Oreste -- Giacomoni, Emanuele -- Gim, Yonggyu -- Guelfi, Mauro -- Holt, John W -- Kofman, Wlodek -- Leuschen, Carlton J -- Marinangeli, Lucia -- Marras, Paolo -- Masdea, Arturo -- Mattei, Stefania -- Mecozzi, Riccardo -- Milkovich, Sarah M -- Morlupi, Antonio -- Mouginot, Jeremie -- Orosei, Roberto -- Papa, Claudio -- Paterno, Tobia -- Persi del Marmo, Paolo -- Pettinelli, Elena -- Pica, Giulia -- Picardi, Giovanni -- Plaut, Jeffrey J -- Provenziani, Marco -- Putzig, Nathaniel E -- Russo, Federica -- Safaeinili, Ali -- Salzillo, Giuseppe -- Santovito, Maria Rosaria -- Smrekar, Suzanne E -- Tattarletti, Barbara -- Vicari, Danilo -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 21;317(5845):1715-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dipartimento INFOCOM, Universita di Roma "La Sapienza," I-00184 Rome, Italy. roberto.seu@uniroma1.it〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17885128" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Extraterrestrial Environment ; Ice ; *Mars
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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