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  • 1
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    Lateral presynaptic inhibition mediates gain control in an olfactory circuit (2008)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-18
    Description: Olfactory signals are transduced by a large family of odorant receptor proteins, each of which corresponds to a unique glomerulus in the first olfactory relay of the brain. Crosstalk between glomeruli has been proposed to be important in olfactory processing, but it is not clear how these interactions shape the odour responses of second-order neurons. In the Drosophila antennal lobe (a region analogous to the vertebrate olfactory bulb), we selectively removed most interglomerular input to genetically identified second-order olfactory neurons. Here we show that this broadens the odour tuning of these neurons, implying that interglomerular inhibition dominates over interglomerular excitation. The strength of this inhibitory signal scales with total feedforward input to the entire antennal lobe, and has similar tuning in different glomeruli. A substantial portion of this interglomerular inhibition acts at a presynaptic locus, and our results imply that this is mediated by both ionotropic and metabotropic receptors on the same nerve terminal.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824883/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824883/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Shawn R -- Wilson, Rachel I -- R01 DC008174/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- R01 DC008174-03/DC/NIDCD NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Apr 24;452(7190):956-60. doi: 10.1038/nature06864. Epub 2008 Mar 16.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, Harvard Medical School, 220 Longwood Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18344978" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Drosophila melanogaster/*physiology ; Excitatory Postsynaptic Potentials/drug effects ; GABA-B Receptor Antagonists ; Neurons/drug effects/metabolism ; Odors/analysis ; Olfactory Pathways/drug effects/*physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Physical Stimulation ; Presynaptic Terminals/drug effects/*physiology ; Receptors, GABA-B/metabolism ; Smell/drug effects/physiology ; gamma-Aminobutyric Acid/metabolism/pharmacology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 2
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    Checkpoint proteins control survival of the postmitotic cells in Caenorhabditis elegans (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-06-03
    Description: Checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved signaling mechanisms that arrest cell division and alter cellular stress resistance in response to DNA damage or stalled replication forks. To study the consequences of loss of checkpoint functions in whole animals, checkpoint genes were inactivated in the nematode C. elegans. We show that checkpoint proteins are not only essential for normal development but also determine adult somatic maintenance. Checkpoint proteins play a role in the survival of postmitotic adult cells.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2568993/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Anders -- Vantipalli, Maithili C -- Lithgow, Gordon J -- AG21069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- AG22868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- NS050789-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG021069-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- R01 AG022868-04/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Jun 2;312(5778):1381-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Buck Institute, 8001 Redwood Boulevard, Novato, CA 94945, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16741121" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Physiological/genetics/physiology ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/cytology/growth & development/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Cycle Proteins/genetics/*physiology ; Cell Survival ; Heat-Shock Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics ; Mitosis/genetics/*physiology ; Mutation ; Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Schizosaccharomyces pombe Proteins ; Signal Transduction ; Stem Cells/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    The earliest horse harnessing and milking (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-03-07
    Description: Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using delta13C and deltaD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Outram, Alan K -- Stear, Natalie A -- Bendrey, Robin -- Olsen, Sandra -- Kasparov, Alexei -- Zaibert, Victor -- Thorpe, Nick -- Evershed, Richard P -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Mar 6;323(5919):1332-5. doi: 10.1126/science.1168594.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Archaeology, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4QE, UK. a.k.outram@ex.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19265018" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture/*history ; Animal Husbandry/*history ; Animals ; *Animals, Domestic ; Female ; History, Ancient ; *Horses/anatomy & histology ; Kazakhstan ; Lipids/analysis ; Metacarpal Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Milk ; Molar/anatomy & histology ; Seasons
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    Transmission of equine influenza virus to dogs (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-09-28
    Description: Molecular and antigenic analyses of three influenza viruses isolated from outbreaks of severe respiratory disease in racing greyhounds revealed that they are closely related to H3N8 equine influenza virus. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that the canine influenza virus genomes form a monophyletic group, consistent with a single interspecies virus transfer. Molecular changes in the hemagglutinin suggested adaptive evolution in the new host. The etiologic role of this virus in respiratory disease was supported by the temporal association of rising antibody titers with disease and by experimental inoculation studies. The geographic expansion of the infection and its persistence for several years indicate efficient transmission of canine influenza virus among greyhounds. Evidence of infection in pet dogs suggests that this infection may also become enzootic in this population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Crawford, P C -- Dubovi, Edward J -- Castleman, William L -- Stephenson, Iain -- Gibbs, E P J -- Chen, Limei -- Smith, Catherine -- Hill, Richard C -- Ferro, Pamela -- Pompey, Justine -- Bright, Rick A -- Medina, Marie-Jo -- Johnson, Calvin M -- Olsen, Christopher W -- Cox, Nancy J -- Klimov, Alexander I -- Katz, Jacqueline M -- Donis, Ruben O -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Oct 21;310(5747):482-5. Epub 2005 Sep 26.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16186182" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Amino Acid Substitution ; Animals ; Antibodies, Viral/blood ; Cell Line ; Cytopathogenic Effect, Viral ; Disease Outbreaks/*veterinary ; Dog Diseases/epidemiology/pathology/*transmission/*virology ; Dogs ; Florida/epidemiology ; Hemagglutinin Glycoproteins, Influenza Virus/chemistry/genetics ; Horse Diseases/transmission/*virology ; Horses ; *Influenza A Virus, H3N8 Subtype/classification/immunology/isolation & ; purification/pathogenicity ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Orthomyxoviridae Infections/epidemiology/transmission/*veterinary/virology ; Phylogeny ; Respiratory System/pathology ; Sequence Analysis, RNA ; Species Specificity ; United States/epidemiology ; Virus Shedding
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Global patterns of influenza a virus in wild birds (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-22
    Description: The outbreak of highly pathogenic avian influenza of the H5N1 subtype in Asia, which has subsequently spread to Russia, the Middle East, Europe, and Africa, has put increased focus on the role of wild birds in the persistence of influenza viruses. The ecology, epidemiology, genetics, and evolution of pathogens cannot be fully understood without taking into account the ecology of their hosts. Here, we review our current knowledge on global patterns of influenza virus infections in wild birds, discuss these patterns in the context of host ecology and in particular birds' behavior, and identify some important gaps in our current knowledge.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Olsen, Bjorn -- Munster, Vincent J -- Wallensten, Anders -- Waldenstrom, Jonas -- Osterhaus, Albert D M E -- Fouchier, Ron A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):384-8.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Infectious Diseases, Umea University, SE-90187 Umea, Sweden.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16627734" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Agriculture ; Animal Migration ; Animals ; Animals, Wild/physiology/*virology ; Birds/physiology/*virology ; Disease Outbreaks/veterinary ; Disease Reservoirs ; Genetic Variation ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype/isolation & purification/pathogenicity ; Influenza A virus/classification/genetics/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity ; Influenza in Birds/*epidemiology/*transmission/virology ; Phylogeny ; Poultry ; Prevalence ; Reassortant Viruses
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 6
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    Genomic minimalism in the early diverging intestinal parasite Giardia lamblia (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-29
    Description: The genome of the eukaryotic protist Giardia lamblia, an important human intestinal parasite, is compact in structure and content, contains few introns or mitochondrial relics, and has simplified machinery for DNA replication, transcription, RNA processing, and most metabolic pathways. Protein kinases comprise the single largest protein class and reflect Giardia's requirement for a complex signal transduction network for coordinating differentiation. Lateral gene transfer from bacterial and archaeal donors has shaped Giardia's genome, and previously unknown gene families, for example, cysteine-rich structural proteins, have been discovered. Unexpectedly, the genome shows little evidence of heterozygosity, supporting recent speculations that this organism is sexual. This genome sequence will not only be valuable for investigating the evolution of eukaryotes, but will also be applied to the search for new therapeutics for this parasite.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Morrison, Hilary G -- McArthur, Andrew G -- Gillin, Frances D -- Aley, Stephen B -- Adam, Rodney D -- Olsen, Gary J -- Best, Aaron A -- Cande, W Zacheus -- Chen, Feng -- Cipriano, Michael J -- Davids, Barbara J -- Dawson, Scott C -- Elmendorf, Heidi G -- Hehl, Adrian B -- Holder, Michael E -- Huse, Susan M -- Kim, Ulandt U -- Lasek-Nesselquist, Erica -- Manning, Gerard -- Nigam, Anuranjini -- Nixon, Julie E J -- Palm, Daniel -- Passamaneck, Nora E -- Prabhu, Anjali -- Reich, Claudia I -- Reiner, David S -- Samuelson, John -- Svard, Staffan G -- Sogin, Mitchell L -- AI42488/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI43273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- AI51687/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI043273/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 AI048082/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HG004164-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Sep 28;317(5846):1921-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543-1015, USA. morrison@mbl.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17901334" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; DNA Replication/genetics ; *Eukaryotic Cells ; Gene Transfer, Horizontal ; Genes, Protozoan ; *Genome, Protozoan ; Genomics ; Giardia lamblia/classification/*genetics/physiology ; Metabolic Networks and Pathways/genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny ; Protein Kinases/genetics/metabolism ; Protozoan Proteins/chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; RNA Processing, Post-Transcriptional ; Signal Transduction ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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