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  • 1
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    Cap-independent translation is required for starvation-induced differentiation in yeast (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Cellular internal ribosome entry sites (IRESs) are untranslated segments of mRNA transcripts thought to initiate protein synthesis in response to environmental stresses that prevent canonical 5' cap-dependent translation. Although numerous cellular mRNAs are proposed to have IRESs, none has a demonstrated physiological function or molecular mechanism. Here we show that seven yeast genes required for invasive growth, a developmental pathway induced by nutrient limitation, contain potent IRESs that require the initiation factor eIF4G for cap-independent translation. In contrast to the RNA structure-based activity of viral IRESs, we show that an unstructured A-rich element mediates internal initiation via recruitment of the poly(A) binding protein (Pab1) to the 5' untranslated region (UTR) of invasive growth messages. A 5'UTR mutation that impairs IRES activity compromises invasive growth, which indicates that cap-independent translation is required for physiological adaptation to stress.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Gilbert, Wendy V -- Zhou, Kaihong -- Butler, Tamira K -- Doudna, Jennifer A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Aug 31;317(5842):1224-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Department of Chemistry, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17761883" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *5' Untranslated Regions/genetics/metabolism ; Adaptation, Physiological ; Eukaryotic Initiation Factor-4G/genetics/metabolism ; Genes, Fungal ; Glucose/metabolism ; Nuclear Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Nucleic Acid Conformation ; *Peptide Chain Initiation, Translational ; Poly A/metabolism ; Poly(A)-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Protein Biosynthesis ; RNA Caps/metabolism ; RNA, Fungal/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Messenger/chemistry/*genetics/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae/*genetics/*growth & development/metabolism ; Saccharomyces cerevisiae Proteins/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/biosynthesis/genetics/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Rare structural variants disrupt multiple genes in neurodevelopmental pathways in schizophrenia (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-03-29
    Description: Schizophrenia is a devastating neurodevelopmental disorder whose genetic influences remain elusive. We hypothesize that individually rare structural variants contribute to the illness. Microdeletions and microduplications 〉100 kilobases were identified by microarray comparative genomic hybridization of genomic DNA from 150 individuals with schizophrenia and 268 ancestry-matched controls. All variants were validated by high-resolution platforms. Novel deletions and duplications of genes were present in 5% of controls versus 15% of cases and 20% of young-onset cases, both highly significant differences. The association was independently replicated in patients with childhood-onset schizophrenia as compared with their parents. Mutations in cases disrupted genes disproportionately from signaling networks controlling neurodevelopment, including neuregulin and glutamate pathways. These results suggest that multiple, individually rare mutations altering genes in neurodevelopmental pathways contribute to schizophrenia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Walsh, Tom -- McClellan, Jon M -- McCarthy, Shane E -- Addington, Anjene M -- Pierce, Sarah B -- Cooper, Greg M -- Nord, Alex S -- Kusenda, Mary -- Malhotra, Dheeraj -- Bhandari, Abhishek -- Stray, Sunday M -- Rippey, Caitlin F -- Roccanova, Patricia -- Makarov, Vlad -- Lakshmi, B -- Findling, Robert L -- Sikich, Linmarie -- Stromberg, Thomas -- Merriman, Barry -- Gogtay, Nitin -- Butler, Philip -- Eckstrand, Kristen -- Noory, Laila -- Gochman, Peter -- Long, Robert -- Chen, Zugen -- Davis, Sean -- Baker, Carl -- Eichler, Evan E -- Meltzer, Paul S -- Nelson, Stanley F -- Singleton, Andrew B -- Lee, Ming K -- Rapoport, Judith L -- King, Mary-Claire -- Sebat, Jonathan -- HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- M01 RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD043569/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- RR000046/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061355/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061464/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U01 MH061528/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- U24 NS052108/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025014/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- Intramural NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Apr 25;320(5875):539-43. doi: 10.1126/science.1155174. Epub 2008 Mar 27.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18369103" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adult ; Age of Onset ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Brain/cytology/*growth & development/metabolism ; Case-Control Studies ; Child ; Excitatory Amino Acid Transporter 1/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Female ; *Gene Deletion ; *Gene Duplication ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genome, Human ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; *Mutation ; Neurons/cytology/physiology ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Receptor, Epidermal Growth Factor/chemistry/genetics/physiology ; Receptor, ErbB-4 ; Schizophrenia/*genetics/physiopathology ; Signal Transduction
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
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    Epidemiology. DNA identifications after the 9/11 World Trade Center attack (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-19
    Description: The attack on the World Trade Center on 9/11/2001 challenged current approaches to forensic DNA typing methods. The large number of victims and the extreme thermal and physical conditions of the site necessitated special approaches to the DNA-based identification. Because of these and many additional challenges, new procedures were created or modified from routine forensic protocols. This effort facilitated the identification of 1594 of the 2749 victims. In this Policy Forum, the authors, who were were members of the World Trade Center Kinship and Data Analysis Panel, review the lessons of the attack response from the perspective of DNA forensic identification and suggest policies and procedures for future mass disasters or large-scale terrorist attacks.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Biesecker, Leslie G -- Bailey-Wilson, Joan E -- Ballantyne, Jack -- Baum, Howard -- Bieber, Frederick R -- Brenner, Charles -- Budowle, Bruce -- Butler, John M -- Carmody, George -- Conneally, P Michael -- Duceman, Barry -- Eisenberg, Arthur -- Forman, Lisa -- Kidd, Kenneth K -- Leclair, Benoit -- Niezgoda, Steven -- Parsons, Thomas J -- Pugh, Elizabeth -- Shaler, Robert -- Sherry, Stephen T -- Sozer, Amanda -- Walsh, Anne -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 18;310(5751):1122-3.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16293742" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Dna ; *DNA Fingerprinting/methods ; DNA, Mitochondrial ; Disaster Planning ; Family ; Female ; Forecasting ; Genetic Markers ; Humans ; Male ; *September 11 Terrorist Attacks ; Specimen Handling ; United States
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    The great Sumatra-Andaman earthquake of 26 December 2004 (2005)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-05-21
    Description: The two largest earthquakes of the past 40 years ruptured a 1600-kilometer-long portion of the fault boundary between the Indo-Australian and southeastern Eurasian plates on 26 December 2004 [seismic moment magnitude (Mw) = 9.1 to 9.3] and 28 March 2005 (Mw = 8.6). The first event generated a tsunami that caused more than 283,000 deaths. Fault slip of up to 15 meters occurred near Banda Aceh, Sumatra, but to the north, along the Nicobar and Andaman Islands, rapid slip was much smaller. Tsunami and geodetic observations indicate that additional slow slip occurred in the north over a time scale of 50 minutes or longer.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lay, Thorne -- Kanamori, Hiroo -- Ammon, Charles J -- Nettles, Meredith -- Ward, Steven N -- Aster, Richard C -- Beck, Susan L -- Bilek, Susan L -- Brudzinski, Michael R -- Butler, Rhett -- DeShon, Heather R -- Ekstrom, Goran -- Satake, Kenji -- Sipkin, Stuart -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 May 20;308(5725):1127-33.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Earth Sciences Department, University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15905392" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
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    Comment on "A well-preserved Archaeopteryx specimen with theropod features" (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-09-02
    Description: On the basis of new information from the 10th specimen of Archaeopteryx, Mayr et al. (Reports, 2 December 2005, p. 1483) suggested that birds, or avian flight, originated twice. We investigate the statistical support for this phylogenetic hypothesis and show that it is no better supported by available morphological character data than the hypothesis of a single avian origin.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corfe, Ian J -- Butler, Richard J -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Sep 1;313(5791):1238; author reply 1238.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Earth Sciences, University of Bristol, Wills Memorial Building, Queens Road, Bristol, BS8 1RJ, UK. ian.corfe@bristol.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16946054" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Biological Evolution ; *Birds/anatomy & histology/classification ; Bone and Bones/anatomy & histology ; *Dinosaurs ; Flight, Animal ; Fossils ; Phylogeny
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Farmland biodiversity and the footprint of agriculture (2007)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-01-20
    Description: Sustainable development requires the reconciliation of demands for biodiversity conservation and increased agricultural production. Assessing the impact of novel farming practices on biodiversity and ecosystem services is fundamental to this process. Using farmland birds as a model system, we present a generic risk assessment framework that accurately predicts each species' current conservation status and population growth rate associated with past changes in agriculture. We demonstrate its value by assessing the potential impact on biodiversity of two controversial land uses, genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops and agri-environment schemes. This framework can be used to guide policy and land management decisions and to assess progress toward sustainability targets.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Butler, S J -- Vickery, J A -- Norris, K -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 19;315(5810):381-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Centre for Agri-Environment Research, School of Agriculture, Policy, and Development, University of Reading, Reading RG6 6AR, UK. s.j.butler@reading.ac.uk〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17234947" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Agriculture ; Animals ; *Biodiversity ; *Birds ; Conservation of Natural Resources ; Crops, Agricultural/genetics ; *Ecosystem ; *Environment ; Great Britain ; Linear Models ; Models, Statistical ; Plants, Genetically Modified ; Population Density ; Population Dynamics ; Risk Assessment
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    A female Homo erectus pelvis from Gona, Ethiopia (2008)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-11-15
    Description: Analyses of the KNM-WT 15000 Homo erectus juvenile male partial skeleton from Kenya concluded that this species had a tall thin body shape due to specialized locomotor and climatic adaptations. Moreover, it was concluded that H. erectus pelves were obstetrically restricted to birthing a small-brained altricial neonate. Here we describe a nearly complete early Pleistocene adult female H. erectus pelvis from the Busidima Formation of Gona, Afar, Ethiopia. This obstetrically capacious pelvis demonstrates that pelvic shape in H. erectus was evolving in response to increasing fetal brain size. This pelvis indicates that neither adaptations to tropical environments nor endurance running were primary selective factors in determining pelvis morphology in H. erectus during the early Pleistocene.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simpson, Scott W -- Quade, Jay -- Levin, Naomi E -- Butler, Robert -- Dupont-Nivet, Guillaume -- Everett, Melanie -- Semaw, Sileshi -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2008 Nov 14;322(5904):1089-92. doi: 10.1126/science.1163592.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Anatomy, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH 44106-4930, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19008443" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adaptation, Biological ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Biological Evolution ; Body Height ; Body Size ; Brain/anatomy & histology/embryology ; Environment ; Ethiopia ; Female ; *Fossils ; Hominidae/*anatomy & histology/physiology ; Humans ; Locomotion ; Lumbar Vertebrae/*anatomy & histology ; Parturition ; Pelvic Bones/*anatomy & histology ; Pelvis/anatomy & histology ; Sacrum/anatomy & histology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Jmjd6 catalyses lysyl-hydroxylation of U2AF65, a protein associated with RNA splicing (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-04
    Description: The finding that the metazoan hypoxic response is regulated by oxygen-dependent posttranslational hydroxylations, which regulate the activity and lifetime of hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), has raised the question of whether other hydroxylases are involved in the regulation of gene expression. We reveal that the splicing factor U2 small nuclear ribonucleoprotein auxiliary factor 65-kilodalton subunit (U2AF65) undergoes posttranslational lysyl-5-hydroxylation catalyzed by the Fe(II) and 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase Jumonji domain-6 protein (Jmjd6). Jmjd6 is a nuclear protein that has an important role in vertebrate development and is a human homolog of the HIF asparaginyl-hydroxylase. Jmjd6 is shown to change alternative RNA splicing of some, but not all, of the endogenous and reporter genes, supporting a specific role for Jmjd6 in the regulation of RNA splicing.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Webby, Celia J -- Wolf, Alexander -- Gromak, Natalia -- Dreger, Mathias -- Kramer, Holger -- Kessler, Benedikt -- Nielsen, Michael L -- Schmitz, Corinna -- Butler, Danica S -- Yates, John R 3rd -- Delahunty, Claire M -- Hahn, Phillip -- Lengeling, Andreas -- Mann, Matthias -- Proudfoot, Nicholas J -- Schofield, Christopher J -- Bottger, Angelika -- 084655/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- G9826944/Medical Research Council/United Kingdom -- Biotechnology and Biological Sciences Research Council/United Kingdom -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 3;325(5936):90-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1175865.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemistry Research Laboratory and Oxford Centre for Integrative Systems Biology, University of Oxford, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, Oxon OX1 3TA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19574390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Alternative Splicing ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Biocatalysis ; Cell Line ; Chromatography, Liquid ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Hydroxylation ; Jumonji Domain-Containing Histone Demethylases ; Lysine/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Nuclear Proteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Protein Processing, Post-Translational ; RNA, Small Interfering ; Receptors, Cell Surface/genetics/*metabolism ; Recombinant Proteins/metabolism ; Ribonucleoproteins/chemistry/*metabolism ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tropomyosin/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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