ALBERT

Description / Table of Contents: Contents: 1 Introduction. - 1.1 Key aspects of the climate of Antarctica. - 1.1.1 Temperature. - 1.1.2 Atmospheric circulation. - 1.1.3 Precipitation. - 1.1.4 The ice sheet as an climate archive. - 1.1.5 Regional climate models. - 1.2 Antarctica in a changing global climate. - 1.3 Ice sheet mass balance. - 1.3.1 Mass balance estimates from satellite altimetry. - 1.3.2 Mass balance estimates from gravity. - 1.3.3 Mass budget using inSAR. - 1.3.4 Current level of understanding. - 1.4 Surface mass balance. - 1.5 Contents of this thesis. - 2 Characteristics of the Antarctic surface mass balance. - 2.1 Introduction. - 2.2 Model description. - 2.2.1 Snow albedo. - 2.2.2 Surface roughness lengths. - 2.2.3 Snow model. - 2.2.4 Correction of the liquid and solid precipitation. - 2.3 Results. - 2.3.1 Solid precipitation. - 2.3.2 Sublimation. - 2.3.3 Melt. - 2.3.4 Surface mass balance (SMB). - 2.3.5 Seasonality of the mass balance. - 2.3.6 Interannual variability and trends. - 2.4 Discussion. - 2.4.1 Spatial distribution of measured and modeled SMB. - 2.4.2 The integrated SMB. - 2.4.3 Interannual variability and trends. - 2.5 Conclusions. - 3 Reassessment of the Antarctic surface mass balance. - 3.1 Introduction. - 3.2 Model description. - 3.3 Observations and data handling. - 3.3.1 Excluded areas. - 3.3.2 Model interpolation. - 3.3.3 Observationally dense areas. - 3.4 Results. - 3.4.1 RACMO2/ANT compared to V99. - 3.4.2 RACMO2/ANT compared to observations. - 3.4.3 Impact of temporal mismatch. - 3.4.4 Elevation and SMB. - 3.5 Discussion. - 3.5.1 Statistical robustness of the results. - 3.5.2 An evaluation of model performance. - 3.5.3 Towards a better understanding of Antarctic SMB. - 3.6 Conclusions. - 4 Error evaluation of a surface mass balance estimate. - 4.1 Introduction. - 4.2 Method. - 4.2.1 Definition of error margins. - 4.2.2 Verifying error margins. - 4.2.3 Spatial error autocorrelation. - 4.2.4 Error for basin mean SMB. - 4.3 Application. - 4.4 Discussion. - 5 Heat budget of the lower East Antarctic atmosphere. - 5.1 Introduction. - 5.2 Model description. - 5.3 The heat budget. - 5.3.1 Derivation of temperature tendency equation. - 5.3.2 Calculation of individual terms. - 5.4 Model evaluation. - 5.4.1 Temperature and wind. - 5.4.2 Surface energy budget. - 5.5 Results. - 5.5.1 Binning procedure. - 5.5.2 Climatological setting. - 5.5.3 Winter heat budgets. - 5.5.4 Summer heat budgets. - 5.6 Conclusions. - 6 Factors Controlling the Near Surface Temperature in Antarctica. - 6.1 Introduction. - 6.2 Model description and evaluation. - 6.3 Methods. - 6.3.1 Definition of the heat budget. - 6.3.2 Definition of free atmosphere parameters. - 6.3.3 Definition of ABL depth. - 6.3.4 Example of vertical profiles. - 6.4 Results: Winter. - 6.4.1 External heating and surface interactions. - 6.4.2 Heat advection in East Antarctica. - 6.4.3 Spatial distribution of AdvH and AdvV. - 6.4.4 Synoptic and persistent large-scale and ABL contributions to AdvH. - 6.5 Results: Summer. - 6.5.1 External heating and surface interactions. - 6.5.2 Heat advection. - 6.6 Summary and conclusions. - 7 Suggestions for future work. - 7.1 Applications for heat budget analyses. - 7.2 SMB of the Antarctic ice sheet. - 7.3 A pilot study with decreased ice crystal fall speed. - Bibliography. - Samenvatting. - Dankwoord. - Curriculum Vitae. - Publications.

Description / Table of Contents: Geodynamics of collision and collapse at the Africa–Arabia–Eurasia subduction zone – an introduction / Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Michael A. Edwards and Rob Govers / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 1-7, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.1 --- Melange genesis and ophiolite emplacement related to subduction of the northern margin of the Tauride–Anatolide continent, central and western Turkey / Alastair H. F. Robertson, Osman Parlak and Tı̇mur Ustaömer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 9-66, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.2 --- Tectono-stratigraphy of the Çankırı Basin: Late Cretaceous to early Miocene evolution of the Neotethyan Suture Zone in Turkey / Nuretdin Kaymakci, Yakup Özçelik, Stanley H. White and Paul M. Van Dijk / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 67-106, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.3 --- Oligocene–Miocene basin evolution in SE Anatolia, Turkey: constraints on the closure of the eastern Tethys gateway / Silja K. Hüsing, Willem-Jan Zachariasse, Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen, Wout Krijgsman, Murat Inceöz, Mathias Harzhauser, Oleg Mandic and Andreas Kroh / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 107-132, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.4 --- Long-term evolution of the North Anatolian Fault: new constraints from its eastern termination / Aurélia Hubert-Ferrari, Geoffrey King, Jérome van der Woerd, Igor Villa, Erhan Altunel and Rolando Armijo / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 133-154, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.5 --- Mediterranean snapshots of accelerated slab retreat: subduction instability in stalled continental collision / M. A. Edwards and B. Grasemann / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 155-192, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.6 --- Evolution of the southern Tyrrhenian slab tear and active tectonics along the western edge of the Tyrrhenian subducted slab / Andrea Argnani / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 193-212, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.7 --- Geochemical and temporal evolution of Cenozoic magmatism in western Turkey: mantle response to collision, slab break-off, and lithospheric tearing in an orogenic belt / Yildirim Dilek and Şafak Altunkaynak / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 213-233, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.8 --- Insights from the Apennines metamorphic complexes and their bearing on the kinematics evolution of the orogen / Gianluca Vignaroli, Claudio Faccenna, Federico Rossetti and Laurent Jolivet / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 235-256, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.9 --- Sequential development of interfering metamorphic core complexes: numerical experiments and comparison with the Cyclades, Greece / C. Tirel, P. Gautier, D. J. J. van Hinsbergen and M. J. R. Wortel / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 257-292, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.10 --- The Itea–Amfissa detachment: a pre-Corinth rift Miocene extensional structure in central Greece / Dimitrios Papanikolaou, Leonidas Gouliotis and Maria Triantaphyllou / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 293-310, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.11 --- Neogene brittle detachment faulting on Kos (E Greece): implications for a southern break-away fault of the Menderes metamorphic core complex (western Turkey) / Douwe J. J. van Hinsbergen and Flora Boekhout / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 311-320, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.12 --- Magnetostratigraphy of early–middle Miocene deposits from east–west trending Alaşehir and Büyük Menderes grabens in western Turkey, and its tectonic implications / Sevket Sen and Gürol Seyitoğlu / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 321-342, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.13 --- The structure of the Kythira–Antikythira strait, offshore SW Greece (35.7°–36.6°N) / Eleni Kokinou and Evangelos Kamberis / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 343-360, 29 April 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.14 --- Erratum --- Melange genesis and ophiolite emplacement related to subduction of the northern margin of the Tauride–Anatolide continent, central and western Turkey / Alastair H. F. Robertson, Osman Parlak and Tı̇mur Ustaömer / Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 311, 1, 29 July 2009, https://doi.org/10.1144/SP311.Erratum

Description / Table of Contents: This publication is about the world’s surface ice on land outside the two polar ice sheets. It provides a sound and well illustrated review on the basis of available data, the global distribution of glaciers and ice caps, and their changes since maximum extents of the so-called Little Ice Age. The publication also provides the background knowledge needed to understand the compiled glacier observations in view of the ongoing climate change. It presents the latest state of knowledge on glacier changes in view of the available data sets and the scientific literature, and discusses the challenges of the 21st century for the monitoring of glaciers and ice caps. The publication was prepared in a joint project of the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) and the World Glacier Monitoring Service (WGMS). It was written by the officers of the WGMS and reviewed by scientists from around the world with expertise in the research and monitoring of glaciers and ice caps.