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  • 2010-2014  (152)
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  • 1
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    FHY1 works independently or coordinately with phyA [Plant Biology] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-08-13
    Description: To incorporate the far-red light (FR) signal into a strategy for optimizing plant growth, FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL1 (FHY1) mediates the nuclear translocation of the FR photoreceptor phytochrome A (phyA) and facilitates the association of phyA with the promoters of numerous associated genes crucial for the response to environmental stimuli. However,...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Rescue of dopamine by NSCs in PD rats [Neuroscience] (2014)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-11-05
    Description: Embryonic stem cell-based therapies exhibit great potential for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease (PD) because they can significantly rescue PD-like behaviors. However, whether the transplanted cells themselves release dopamine in vivo remains elusive. We and others have recently induced human embryonic stem cells into primitive neural stem cells (pNSCs) that...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    p53 increases caspase-6 expression and activation in muscle tissue expressing mutant huntingtin (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-01-11
    Description: Activation of caspase-6 in the striatum of both presymptomatic and affected persons with Huntington's disease (HD) is an early event in the disease pathogenesis. However, little is known about the role of caspase-6 outside the central nervous system (CNS) and whether caspase activation might play a role in the peripheral phenotypes, such as muscle wasting observed in HD. We assessed skeletal muscle tissue from HD patients and well-characterized mouse models of HD. Cleavage of the caspase-6 specific substrate lamin A is significantly increased in skeletal muscle obtained from HD patients as well as in muscle tissues from two different HD mouse models. p53, a transcriptional activator of caspase-6, is upregulated in neuronal cells and tissues expressing mutant huntingtin. Activation of p53 leads to a dramatic increase in levels of caspase-6 mRNA, caspase-6 activity and cleavage of lamin A. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) from YAC128 mice, we show that this increase in caspase-6 activity can be mitigated by pifithrin-α (pifα), an inhibitor of p53 transcriptional activity, but not through the inhibition of p53's mitochondrial pro-apoptotic function. Remarkably, the p53-mediated increase in caspase-6 expression and activation is exacerbated in cells and tissues of both neuronal and peripheral origin expressing mutant huntingtin (Htt). These findings suggest that the presence of the mutant Htt protein enhances p53 activity and lowers the apoptotic threshold, which activates caspase-6. Furthermore, these results suggest that this pathway is activated both within and outside the CNS in HD and may contribute to both loss of CNS neurons and muscle atrophy.
    Print ISSN: 0964-6906
    Electronic ISSN: 1460-2083
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 4
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    Enhancing mammary differentiation by overcoming lineage-specific epigenetic modification and signature gene expression of fibroblast-derived iPSCs (2014)
    Springer Nature
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Description: Enhancing mammary differentiation by overcoming lineage-specific epigenetic modification and signature gene expression of fibroblast-derived iPSCs Cell Death and Disease 5, e1550 (December 2014). doi:10.1038/cddis.2014.499 Authors: Y Li, N Hong, A Zhang, W Chen, R-H Wang, X-L Xu & C-X Deng
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4889
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 5
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    Tumor-targeted in vivo gene silencing via systemic delivery of cRGD-conjugated siRNA (2014)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-10-10
    Description: RNAi technology is taking strong position among the key therapeutic modalities, with dozens of siRNA-based programs entering and successfully progressing through clinical stages of drug development. To further explore potentials of RNAi technology as therapeutics, we engineered and tested VEGFR2 siRNA molecules specifically targeted to tumors through covalently conjugated cyclo(Arg-Gly-Asp- d -Phe-Lys[PEG-MAL]) (cRGD) peptide, known to bind αvβ3 integrin receptors. cRGD-siRNAs were demonstrated to specifically enter and silence targeted genes in cultured αvβ3 positive human cells (HUVEC). Microinjection of zebrafish blastocysts with VEGFR2 cRGD-siRNA resulted in specific inhibition of blood vessel growth. In tumor-bearing mice, intravenously injected cRGD-siRNA molecules generated no innate immune response and bio-distributed to tumor tissues. Continuous systemic delivery of two different VEGFR2 cRGD-siRNAs resulted in down-regulation of corresponding mRNA (55 and 45%) and protein (65 and 45%) in tumors, as well as in overall reduction of tumor volume (90 and 70%). These findings demonstrate strong potential of cRGD-siRNA molecules as anti-tumor therapy.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 6
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    Phosphorothioate DNA as an antioxidant in bacteria (2012)
    Oxford University Press
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    Publication Date: 2012-10-10
    Description: Diverse bacteria contain DNA with sulfur incorporated stereo-specifically into their DNA backbone at specific sequences (phosphorothioation). We found that in vitro oxidation of phosphorothioate (PT) DNA by hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) or peracetic acid has two possible outcomes: DNA backbone cleavage or sulfur removal resulting in restoration of normal DNA backbone. The physiological relevance of this redox reaction was investigated by challenging PT DNA hosting Salmonella enterica cells using H 2 O 2 . DNA phosphorothioation was found to correlate with increasing resistance to the growth inhibition by H 2 O 2 . Resistance to H 2 O 2 was abolished when each of the three dnd genes, required for phosphorothioation, was inactivated. In vivo , PT DNA is more resistant to the double-strand break damage caused by H 2 O 2 than PT-free DNA. Furthermore, sulfur on the modified DNA was consumed and the DNA was converted to PT-free state when the bacteria were incubated with H 2 O 2 . These findings are consistent with a hypothesis that phosphorothioation modification endows DNA with reducing chemical property, which protects the hosting bacteria against peroxide, explaining why this modification is maintained by diverse bacteria.
    Print ISSN: 0305-1048
    Electronic ISSN: 1362-4962
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 7
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    Targeting Bcr-Abl by combining allosteric with ATP-binding-site inhibitors (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-01-15
    Description: In an effort to find new pharmacological modalities to overcome resistance to ATP-binding-site inhibitors of Bcr-Abl, we recently reported the discovery of GNF-2, a selective allosteric Bcr-Abl inhibitor. Here, using solution NMR, X-ray crystallography, mutagenesis and hydrogen exchange mass spectrometry, we show that GNF-2 binds to the myristate-binding site of Abl, leading to changes in the structural dynamics of the ATP-binding site. GNF-5, an analogue of GNF-2 with improved pharmacokinetic properties, when used in combination with the ATP-competitive inhibitors imatinib or nilotinib, suppressed the emergence of resistance mutations in vitro, displayed additive inhibitory activity in biochemical and cellular assays against T315I mutant human Bcr-Abl and displayed in vivo efficacy against this recalcitrant mutant in a murine bone-marrow transplantation model. These results show that therapeutically relevant inhibition of Bcr-Abl activity can be achieved with inhibitors that bind to the myristate-binding site and that combining allosteric and ATP-competitive inhibitors can overcome resistance to either agent alone.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901986/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2901986/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zhang, Jianming -- Adrian, Francisco J -- Jahnke, Wolfgang -- Cowan-Jacob, Sandra W -- Li, Allen G -- Iacob, Roxana E -- Sim, Taebo -- Powers, John -- Dierks, Christine -- Sun, Fangxian -- Guo, Gui-Rong -- Ding, Qiang -- Okram, Barun -- Choi, Yongmun -- Wojciechowski, Amy -- Deng, Xianming -- Liu, Guoxun -- Fendrich, Gabriele -- Strauss, Andre -- Vajpai, Navratna -- Grzesiek, Stephan -- Tuntland, Tove -- Liu, Yi -- Bursulaya, Badry -- Azam, Mohammad -- Manley, Paul W -- Engen, John R -- Daley, George Q -- Warmuth, Markus -- Gray, Nathanael S -- R01 CA130876/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 CA130876-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jan 28;463(7280):501-6. doi: 10.1038/nature08675. Epub 2010 Jan 13.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Department of Cancer Biology, Seeley G. Mudd Building 628, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20072125" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents/*chemistry/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; Benzamides ; Binding Sites ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; Cell Line, Tumor ; Crystallization ; Disease Models, Animal ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/*drug effects ; Female ; Fusion Proteins, bcr-abl/*chemistry/genetics/metabolism ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Leukemia, Myelogenous, Chronic, BCR-ABL Positive/drug ; therapy/enzymology/*metabolism ; Male ; Mass Spectrometry ; Mice ; Models, Molecular ; Mutation/genetics ; Piperazines/chemistry/pharmacology ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pyrimidines/chemistry/metabolism/pharmacology ; Transplantation, Heterologous
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 8
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    Candle soot as a template for a transparent robust superamphiphobic coating (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-12-07
    Description: Coating is an essential step in adjusting the surface properties of materials. Superhydrophobic coatings with contact angles greater than 150 degrees and roll-off angles below 10 degrees for water have been developed, based on low-energy surfaces and roughness on the nano- and micrometer scales. However, these surfaces are still wetted by organic liquids such as surfactant-based solutions, alcohols, or alkanes. Coatings that are simultaneously superhydrophobic and superoleophobic are rare. We designed an easily fabricated, transparent, and oil-rebounding superamphiphobic coating. A porous deposit of candle soot was coated with a 25-nanometer-thick silica shell. The black coating became transparent after calcination at 600 degrees C. After silanization, the coating was superamphiphobic and remained so even after its top layer was damaged by sand impingement.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Xu -- Mammen, Lena -- Butt, Hans-Jurgen -- Vollmer, Doris -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2012 Jan 6;335(6064):67-70. doi: 10.1126/science.1207115. Epub 2011 Dec 1.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, Ackermannweg 10, D-55128, Mainz, Germany.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22144464" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    Mutations in UBQLN2 cause dominant X-linked juvenile and adult-onset ALS and ALS/dementia (2011)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-23
    Description: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a paralytic and usually fatal disorder caused by motor-neuron degeneration in the brain and spinal cord. Most cases of ALS are sporadic but about 5-10% are familial. Mutations in superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1), TAR DNA-binding protein (TARDBP, also known as TDP43) and fused in sarcoma (FUS, also known as translocated in liposarcoma (TLS)) account for approximately 30% of classic familial ALS. Mutations in several other genes have also been reported as rare causes of ALS or ALS-like syndromes. The causes of the remaining cases of familial ALS and of the vast majority of sporadic ALS are unknown. Despite extensive studies of previously identified ALS-causing genes, the pathogenic mechanism underlying motor-neuron degeneration in ALS remains largely obscure. Dementia, usually of the frontotemporal lobar type, may occur in some ALS cases. It is unclear whether ALS and dementia share common aetiology and pathogenesis in ALS/dementia. Here we show that mutations in UBQLN2, which encodes the ubiquitin-like protein ubiquilin 2, cause dominantly inherited, chromosome-X-linked ALS and ALS/dementia. We describe novel ubiquilin 2 pathology in the spinal cords of ALS cases and in the brains of ALS/dementia cases with or without UBQLN2 mutations. Ubiquilin 2 is a member of the ubiquilin family, which regulates the degradation of ubiquitinated proteins. Functional analysis showed that mutations in UBQLN2 lead to an impairment of protein degradation. Therefore, our findings link abnormalities in ubiquilin 2 to defects in the protein degradation pathway, abnormal protein aggregation and neurodegeneration, indicating a common pathogenic mechanism that can be exploited for therapeutic intervention.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169705/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3169705/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Deng, Han-Xiang -- Chen, Wenjie -- Hong, Seong-Tshool -- Boycott, Kym M -- Gorrie, George H -- Siddique, Nailah -- Yang, Yi -- Fecto, Faisal -- Shi, Yong -- Zhai, Hong -- Jiang, Hujun -- Hirano, Makito -- Rampersaud, Evadnie -- Jansen, Gerard H -- Donkervoort, Sandra -- Bigio, Eileen H -- Brooks, Benjamin R -- Ajroud, Kaouther -- Sufit, Robert L -- Haines, Jonathan L -- Mugnaini, Enrico -- Pericak-Vance, Margaret A -- Siddique, Teepu -- NS050641/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- P30 CA060553/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS037912/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS037912-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050641/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS050641-01/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- T32AG20506/AG/NIA NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2011 Aug 21;477(7363):211-5. doi: 10.1038/nature10353.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Neuromuscular Medicine, Davee Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurosciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60611, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21857683" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Age of Onset ; Aging ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis/complications/*genetics/pathology ; Base Sequence ; Cell Cycle Proteins/analysis/*genetics ; Cell Line ; Child ; DNA-Binding Proteins/metabolism ; Dementia/*complications/*genetics/pathology ; Female ; Genes, Dominant/*genetics ; Genes, X-Linked/*genetics ; Hippocampus/metabolism ; Humans ; Male ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Mutation/*genetics ; Pedigree ; Proteasome Endopeptidase Complex/metabolism ; Spinal Cord/metabolism ; Ubiquitin/metabolism ; Ubiquitins/analysis/*genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 10
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    Systematic identification of genomic markers of drug sensitivity in cancer cells (2012)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-31
    Description: Clinical responses to anticancer therapies are often restricted to a subset of patients. In some cases, mutated cancer genes are potent biomarkers for responses to targeted agents. Here, to uncover new biomarkers of sensitivity and resistance to cancer therapeutics, we screened a panel of several hundred cancer cell lines--which represent much of the tissue-type and genetic diversity of human cancers--with 130 drugs under clinical and preclinical investigation. In aggregate, we found that mutated cancer genes were associated with cellular response to most currently available cancer drugs. Classic oncogene addiction paradigms were modified by additional tissue-specific or expression biomarkers, and some frequently mutated genes were associated with sensitivity to a broad range of therapeutic agents. Unexpected relationships were revealed, including the marked sensitivity of Ewing's sarcoma cells harbouring the EWS (also known as EWSR1)-FLI1 gene translocation to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors. By linking drug activity to the functional complexity of cancer genomes, systematic pharmacogenomic profiling in cancer cell lines provides a powerful biomarker discovery platform to guide rational cancer therapeutic strategies.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349233/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3349233/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Garnett, Mathew J -- Edelman, Elena J -- Heidorn, Sonja J -- Greenman, Chris D -- Dastur, Anahita -- Lau, King Wai -- Greninger, Patricia -- Thompson, I Richard -- Luo, Xi -- Soares, Jorge -- Liu, Qingsong -- Iorio, Francesco -- Surdez, Didier -- Chen, Li -- Milano, Randy J -- Bignell, Graham R -- Tam, Ah T -- Davies, Helen -- Stevenson, Jesse A -- Barthorpe, Syd -- Lutz, Stephen R -- Kogera, Fiona -- Lawrence, Karl -- McLaren-Douglas, Anne -- Mitropoulos, Xeni -- Mironenko, Tatiana -- Thi, Helen -- Richardson, Laura -- Zhou, Wenjun -- Jewitt, Frances -- Zhang, Tinghu -- O'Brien, Patrick -- Boisvert, Jessica L -- Price, Stacey -- Hur, Wooyoung -- Yang, Wanjuan -- Deng, Xianming -- Butler, Adam -- Choi, Hwan Geun -- Chang, Jae Won -- Baselga, Jose -- Stamenkovic, Ivan -- Engelman, Jeffrey A -- Sharma, Sreenath V -- Delattre, Olivier -- Saez-Rodriguez, Julio -- Gray, Nathanael S -- Settleman, Jeffrey -- Futreal, P Andrew -- Haber, Daniel A -- Stratton, Michael R -- Ramaswamy, Sridhar -- McDermott, Ultan -- Benes, Cyril H -- 086357/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 1U54HG006097-01/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- P41GM079575-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- England -- Nature. 2012 Mar 28;483(7391):570-5. doi: 10.1038/nature11005.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Cancer Genome Project, Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Hinxton CB10 1SA, UK.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22460902" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Cell Line, Tumor ; Cell Survival/drug effects ; Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/drug effects/*genetics ; *Drug Screening Assays, Antitumor ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic/genetics ; Genes, Neoplasm/*genetics ; Genetic Markers/*genetics ; Genome, Human/*genetics ; Genomics ; Humans ; Indoles/pharmacology ; Neoplasms/*drug therapy/*genetics/pathology ; Oncogene Proteins, Fusion/genetics ; Pharmacogenetics ; Phthalazines/pharmacology ; Piperazines/pharmacology ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerase Inhibitors ; Proto-Oncogene Protein c-fli-1/genetics ; RNA-Binding Protein EWS/genetics ; Sarcoma, Ewing/drug therapy/genetics/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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