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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-10-01
    Description: Author(s): L. M. Schwartz, D. L. Johnson, J. Mitchell, T. C. Chandrasekera, and E. J. Fordham We present numerical simulations of a two-dimensional (2D) nuclear magnetic resonance process, T 2 -storage- T 2 , on a simple mixed porosity system, the micrograin consolidation ( μ GC) model. The results of these calculations are compared with predictions based on the analytic two-site exchange model, fo... [Phys. Rev. E 88, 032813] Published Mon Sep 30, 2013
    Keywords: Networks and Interdisciplinary Physics
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2014-12-05
    Description: Author(s): Y.-Q. Song, G. Carneiro, L. M. Schwartz, and D. L. Johnson Spin relaxation based nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) methods have been used extensively to determine pore size distributions in a variety of materials. This approach is based on the assumption that each pore is in the fast diffusion limit but that diffusion between pores can be neglected. However,... [Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 235503] Published Thu Dec 04, 2014
    Keywords: Condensed Matter: Structure, etc.
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2010-07-03
    Description: The question of whether tumorigenic cancer stem cells exist in human melanomas has arisen in the last few years. Here we show that in melanomas, tumour stem cells (MTSCs, for melanoma tumour stem cells) can be isolated prospectively as a highly enriched CD271(+) MTSC population using a process that maximizes viable cell transplantation. The tumours sampled in this study were taken from a broad spectrum of sites and stages. High-viability cells isolated by fluorescence-activated cell sorting and re-suspended in a matrigel vehicle were implanted into T-, B- and natural-killer-deficient Rag2(-/-)gammac(-/-) mice. The CD271(+) subset of cells was the tumour-initiating population in 90% (nine out of ten) of melanomas tested. Transplantation of isolated CD271(+) melanoma cells into engrafted human skin or bone in Rag2(-/-)gammac(-/-) mice resulted in melanoma; however, melanoma did not develop after transplantation of isolated CD271(-) cells. We also show that in mice, tumours derived from transplanted human CD271(+) melanoma cells were capable of metastatsis in vivo. CD271(+) melanoma cells lacked expression of TYR, MART1 and MAGE in 86%, 69% and 68% of melanoma patients, respectively, which helps to explain why T-cell therapies directed at these antigens usually result in only temporary tumour shrinkage.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2898751/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2898751/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Boiko, Alexander D -- Razorenova, Olga V -- van de Rijn, Matt -- Swetter, Susan M -- Johnson, Denise L -- Ly, Daphne P -- Butler, Paris D -- Yang, George P -- Joshua, Benzion -- Kaplan, Michael J -- Longaker, Michael T -- Weissman, Irving L -- 1RC2 DE02077-01/DE/NIDCR NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA126252/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- F32 CA126252-03/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- UL1 RR025744/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Jul 1;466(7302):133-7. doi: 10.1038/nature09161.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Regenerative Medicine, Stanford Cancer Center, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, California 94304-5542, USA. aboiko@stanford.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20596026" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis/metabolism ; Bone Transplantation ; Bone and Bones/pathology ; DNA-Binding Proteins/deficiency/genetics ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms/secondary ; Melanoma/*metabolism/*pathology ; Melanoma-Specific Antigens ; Mice ; Mice, Knockout ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Neoplasm Proteins/analysis/metabolism ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Neoplastic Stem Cells/cytology/*metabolism/*pathology/transplantation ; Nerve Tissue Proteins/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Neural Crest/cytology/*metabolism/pathology ; Receptors, Nerve Growth Factor/deficiency/genetics/*metabolism ; Skin/pathology ; Skin Transplantation ; Transplantation, Heterologous/pathology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2014-12-04
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2014-12-09
    Description: We used the discrete element method (DEM) to understand the underlying attenuation mechanism in granular media, with special applicability to the measurements of the so-called effective mass developed earlier. We considered that the particles interacted via Hertz-Mindlin elastic contact forces and that the damping was describable as a force proportional to the velocity difference of contacting grains. We determined the behavior of the complex-valued normal-mode frequencies using (1) DEM, (2) direct diagonalization of the relevant matrix, and (3) a numerical search for the zeros of the relevant determinant. All three methods were in strong agreement with each other. The real and the imaginary parts of each normal-mode frequency characterized the elastic and the dissipative properties, respectively, of the granular medium. We found that as the interparticle damping $$\xi $$ increased, the normal modes exhibited nearly circular trajectories in the complex frequency plane, and that for a given value of $$\xi $$ , they all lay on or near a circle of radius $$R$$ centered on the point $$-iR$$ in the complex plane, where $$R\propto 1/\xi $$ . We found that each normal mode became critically damped at a value of the damping parameter $$\xi \approx 1/{\omega }_{n}^{0}$$ , where $${\omega }_{n}^{0}$$ was the (real-valued) frequency when there was no damping. The strong indication was that these conclusions carried over to the properties of real granular media whose dissipation was dominated by the relative motion of contacting grains. For example, P- or S-waves in unconsolidated dry sediments can be expected to become overdamped beyond a critical frequency, depending upon the strength of the intergranular damping constant.
    Print ISSN: 0016-8033
    Electronic ISSN: 1942-2156
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2014-08-03
    Description: An idealised numerical ocean model is used to investigate the sensitivity of the partial pressure of atmospheric carbon dioxide ( pCO 2 ) to changes in surface wind stress when mesoscale eddies are permitted in the flow. When wind stress increases, pCO 2 increases, and vice versa. The introduction of mesoscale eddies reduces the overall sensitivity of pCO 2 by changing the sensitivity of ocean carbon storage due to the saturation state of carbon dioxide, the net air-sea disequilibrium, soft tissue carbon, and the carbonate pump. However, a full carbon pump decomposition shows different responses for different ocean carbon storage terms. For example, air-sea disequilibrium is actually more sensitive to increased winds at eddy-permitting resolution, whereas soft tissue carbon is much less sensitive to wind changes in an eddy-permitting ocean. Changes in pycnocline depth and the strength of both upper and lower cells of the meridional overturning circulation affect this sensitivity.
    Print ISSN: 0886-6236
    Electronic ISSN: 1944-9224
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geography , Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Wiley on behalf of American Geophysical Union (AGU).
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2013-09-30
    Print ISSN: 1539-3755
    Electronic ISSN: 1550-2376
    Topics: Physics
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