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  • 2020-2024  (11)
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  • 1
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    Results of Halichondria panicea exposure experiment to crude oil and dipsersant contaminated seawater (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-12
    Description: In this study, two exposure experiments were conducted to determine the potential impacts of an oil spill and the use of dispersant on sponge model Halichondria panicea. First sponge samples were exposed for 48h to (1) water accommodated oil fraction (WAF), (2) chemically enhanced water accommodated oil fraction (CEWAF), (3) dispersant contaminated seawater, (4) Benzo-A-Pyrene in seawater and (5) DMSO in seawater. Clearance rate for each sponge samples was measured before (time point 1), during (time point 2) and after (time point 3) the exposure. Sponge tissue samples were also collected to conduct a transcriptomic analysis of sponge gene expression response. Second a new set of sponge samples were exposed for 48h to WAF and CEWAF solutions produced with increasing oil loadings. Clearance rate was measured in each samples at the end of the exposure and tissue samples were collected to determine the gene expression levels of three genes of interest (by qPCR).
    Keywords: BaP; crude oil; dispersant; Experiment; Halichondria panicea, clearance rate, seawater cleared per tissue volume; Halichondria panicea, cyclophilin; Halichondria panicea, cytochrome b5; Halichondria panicea, heat shock protein 70, log fold change; Oil loading per seawater; qPCR; Sample ID; sponge; Time point, descriptive; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 640 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 2
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    Hydrocarbon data of the cold-water sponge Halichondria panicea exposure experiment to crude oil and dipsersant contaminated seawater (2020)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-05-17
    Description: In this study, two exposure experiments were conducted to determine the potential impacts of an oil spill and the use of dispersant on sponge model Halichondria panicea. First sponge samples were exposed for 48h to (1) water accommodated oil fraction (WAF), (2) chemically enhanced water accommodated oil fraction (CEWAF), (3) dispersant contaminated seawater, (4) Benzo-A-Pyrene in seawater and (5) DMSO in seawater. Clearance rate for each sponge samples was measured before (time point 1), during (time point 2) and after (time point 3) the exposure. Sponge tissue samples were also collected to conduct a transcriptomic analysis of sponge gene expression response. Second a new set of sponge samples were exposed for 48h to WAF and CEWAF solutions produced with increasing oil loadings. Clearance rate was measured in each samples at the end of the exposure and tissue samples were collected to determine the gene expression levels of three genes of interest (by qPCR).
    Keywords: Acenaphthene; Acenaphthylene; Anthracene; BaP; Benzo(a)anthracene; Benzo(a)pyrene; Benzo(b)fluoranthene; Benzo(g,h,i)perylene; Benzo(k)fluoranthene; Chrysene; crude oil; Dibenz(a,h)anthracene; dispersant; Experiment; Fluoranthene; Fluorene; Hydrocarbons; Indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene; Naphthalene; Oil loading per seawater; Phenanthrene; Pyrene; qPCR; Sample ID; sponge; Treatment
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 630 data points
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  • 3
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    Fusarium and allied genera from China: species diversity and distribution (2022)
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 48, pp. 1-53
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-04
    Description: The genus Fusarium includes numerous important plant and human pathogens, as well as many industrially and commercially important species. During our investigation of fungal diversity in China, a total of 356 fusarioid isolates were obtained and identified from diverse diseased and healthy plants, or different environmental habitats, i.e., air, carbonatite, compost, faeces, soil and water, representing hitherto one of the most intensive sampling and identification efforts of fusarioid taxa in China. Combining morphology, multi-locus phylogeny and ecological preference, these isolates were identified as 72 species of Fusarium and allied genera, i.e., Bisifusarium (1), Fusarium (60), and Neocosmospora (11). A seven-locus dataset, comprising the 5.8S nuclear ribosomal RNA gene with the two flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions, the intergenic spacer region of the rDNA(IGS), partial translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1), partial calmodulin (cam), partial RNApolymerase largest subunit (rpb1), partial RNA polymerase second largest subunit (rpb2) gene regions, and partial β-tubulin (tub2), were sequenced and employed in phylogenetic analyses. A genus-level phylogenetic tree was constructed using combined tef1, rpb1, and rpb2 sequences, which confirmed the presence of four fusarioid genera among the isolates studied. Further phylogenetic analyses of two allied genera (Bisifusarium and Neocosmospora) and nine species complexes of Fusarium were separately conducted employing different multi-locus datasets, to determine relationships among closely related species. Twelve novel species were identified and described in this paper. The F. babinda species complex is herein renamed as the F. falsibabinda species complex, including descriptions of new species. Sixteen species were reported as new records from China.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Fusarium ; multigene phylogeny ; new taxa ; species complex ; systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Fungi of quarantine concern for China I: Dothideomycetes (2021)
    Naturalis Biodiversity Center
    In:  Persoonia - Molecular Phylogeny and Evolution of Fungi vol. 47, pp. 45-105
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-09
    Description: The current list of Chinese quarantine pests includes 130 fungal species. However, recent changes in the taxonomy of fungi following the one fungus = one name initiative and the implementation of DNA phylogeny in taxonomic revisions, resulted in many changes of these species names, necessitating an update of the current list. In addition, many quarantine fungi lack modern morphological descriptions and authentic DNA sequences, posing significant challenges for the development of diagnostic protocols. The aim of the present study was to review the taxonomy and names of the 33 Chinese quarantine fungi in Dothideomycetes, and provide reliable DNA barcodes to facilitate rapid identification. Of these, 23 names were updated according to the single name nomenclature system, including one new combination, namely Cophinforma tumefaciens comb. nov. (syn. Sphaeropsis tumefaciens). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses and morphological comparisons, a new genus Xenosphaeropsis is introduced to accommodate the monotypic species Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens comb. nov. (syn. Sphaeropsis pyriputrescens), the causal agent of a post-harvest disease of pears. Furthermore, four lectotypes (Ascochyta petroselini, Mycosphaerella ligulicola, Physalospora laricina, Sphaeria lingam), three epitypes (Ascochyta petroselini, Phoma lycopersici, Sphaeria lingam), and two neotypes (Ascochyta pinodella, Deuterophoma tracheiphila) are designated to stabilise the use of these names. A further four reference strains are introduced for Cophinforma tumefaciens, Helminthosporium solani, Mycocentro spora acerina, and Septoria linicola. In addition, to assist future studies on these important pathogens, we sequenced and assembled whole genomes for 17 species, including Alternaria triticina, Boeremia foveata, B. lycopersici, Cladosporium cucumerinum, Didymella glomerata, Didymella pinodella, Diplodia mutila, Helminthosporium solani, Mycocentrospora acerina, Neofusicoccum laricinum, Parastagonospora pseudonodorum, Plenodomus libanotidis, Plenodomus lingam, Plenodomus tracheiphilus, Septoria petroselini, Stagonosporopsis chrysanthemi, and Xenosphaeropsis pyriputrescens.
    Keywords: Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics ; Chinese quarantine fungi ; DNA barcodes ; genomes ; morphology ; new taxa ; phylogeny ; plant pathogens ; typification
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    Global consortium for the classification of fungi and fungus-like taxa (2023)
    Mushroom Research Foundation
    In:  Mycosphere vol. 14 no. 1, pp. 1960-2012
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-22
    Description: The Global Consortium for the Classification of Fungi and fungus-like taxa is an international initiative of more than 550 mycologists to develop an electronic structure for the classification of these organisms. The members of the Consortium originate from 55 countries/regions worldwide, from a wide range of disciplines, and include senior, mid-career and early-career mycologists and plant pathologists. The Consortium will publish a biannual update of the Outline of Fungi and funguslike taxa, to act as an international scheme for other scientists. Notes on all newly published taxa at or above the level of species will be prepared and published online on the Outline of Fungi website (https://www.outlineoffungi.org/), and these will be finally published in the biannual edition of the Outline of Fungi and fungus-like taxa. Comments on recent important taxonomic opinions on controversial topics will be included in the biannual outline. For example, ‘to promote a more stable taxonomy in Fusarium given the divergences over its generic delimitation’, or ‘are there too many genera in the Boletales?’ and even more importantly, ‘what should be done with the tremendously diverse ‘dark fungal taxa?’ There are undeniable differences in mycologists’ perceptions and opinions regarding species classification as well as the establishment of new species. Given the pluralistic nature of fungal taxonomy and its implications for species concepts and the nature of species, this consortium aims to provide a platform to better refine and stabilise fungal classification, taking into consideration views from different parties. In the future, a confidential voting system will be set up to gauge the opinions of all mycologists in the Consortium on important topics. The results of such surveys will be presented to the International Commission on the Taxonomy of Fungi (ICTF) and the Nomenclature Committee for Fungi (NCF) with opinions and percentages of votes for and against. Criticisms based on scientific evidence with regards to nomenclature, classifications, and taxonomic concepts will be welcomed, and any recommendations on specific taxonomic issues will also be encouraged; however, we will encourage professionally and ethically responsible criticisms of others’ work. This biannual ongoing project will provide an outlet for advances in various topics of fungal classification, nomenclature, and taxonomic concepts and lead to a community-agreed classification scheme for the fungi and fungus-like taxa. Interested parties should contact the lead author if they would like to be involved in future outlines.
    Keywords: Plant Science ; Ecology ; Evolution ; Behavior and Systematics
    Repository Name: National Museum of Natural History, Netherlands
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 6
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    An international code comparison study on coupled thermal, hydrologic and geomechanical processes of natural gas hydrate-bearing sediments (2020)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-08
    Description: Highlights • Code comparisons build confidence in simulators to model interdependent processes. • International hydrate reservoir simulators are compared over five complex problems. • Geomechanical processes significantly impact response of gas hydrate reservoirs. • Simulators yielded comparable results, however many differences are noted. • Equivalent constitutive models are required to achieve agreement across simulators. Geologic reservoirs containing gas hydrate occur beneath permafrost environments and within marine continental slope sediments, representing a potentially vast natural gas source. Numerical simulators provide scientists and engineers with tools for understanding how production efficiency depends on the numerous, interdependent (coupled) processes associated with potential production strategies for these gas hydrate reservoirs. Confidence in the modeling and forecasting abilities of these gas hydrate reservoir simulators (GHRSs) grows with successful comparisons against laboratory and field test results, but such results are rare, particularly in natural settings. The hydrate community recognized another approach to building confidence in the GHRS: comparing simulation results between independently developed and executed computer codes on structured problems specifically tailored to the interdependent processes relevant for gas hydrate-bearing systems. The United States Department of Energy, National Energy Technology Laboratory, (DOE/NETL), sponsored the first international gas hydrate code comparison study, IGHCCS1, in the early 2000s. IGHCCS1 focused on coupled thermal and hydrologic processes associated with producing gas hydrates from geologic reservoirs via depressurization and thermal stimulation. Subsequently, GHRSs have advanced to model more complex production technologies and incorporate geomechanical processes into the existing framework of coupled thermal and hydrologic modeling. This paper contributes to the validation of these recent GHRS developments by providing results from a second GHRS code comparison study, IGHCCS2, also sponsored by DOE/NETL. IGHCCS2 includes participants from an international collection of universities, research institutes, industry, national laboratories, and national geologic surveys. Study participants developed a series of five benchmark problems principally involving gas hydrate processes with geomechanical components. The five problems range from simple geometries with analytical solutions to a representation of the world's first offshore production test of methane hydrates, which was conducted with the depressurization method off the coast of Japan. To identify strengths and limitations in the various GHRSs, study participants submitted solutions for the benchmark problems and discussed differing results via teleconferences. The GHRSs evolved over the course of IGHCCS2 as researchers modified their simulators to reflect new insights, lessons learned, and suggested performance enhancements. The five benchmark problems, final sample solutions, and lessons learned that are presented here document the study outcomes and serve as a reference guide for developing and testing gas hydrate reservoir simulators.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    The seasonal delay of tropical rainfall in a warming climate (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: Under global warming, it has been found that tropical rainfall annual cycle exhibits an evident delay. Atmospheric energetic analysis suggests that the fundamental reason responsible for the seasonal delay of tropical rainfall in a warming climate is the increase in the effective atmospheric heat capacity due to the nonlinear dependence of water vapor on temperature. The increased effective atmospheric heat capacity delays the response of atmospheric circulation to the seasonal-varying solar radiation. This seasonal delay is more evident over tropical land rather than ocean, as over ocean, the shift of rainfall in the local rainy season from land to ocean cancels out the delay caused by the increased effective atmospheric heat capacity. It is further found that in the past four decades (1979-2019), the seasonal delay of tropical rainfall has already emerged in the tropical land. Both the increase of greenhouse gas emission and decrease of anthropogenic aerosols play an important role.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 8
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    The role of ocean circulation in changing Southern Ocean heat uptake, transport and storage under global warming (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-05
    Description: In response to quadrupled CO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, the Southern Ocean primarily uptakes excess heat around 60°S, which is then redistributed by the northward ocean heat transport (OHT) and mostly stored in the ocean or released back to the atmosphere around 45°S. However, the relative roles of mean ocean circulation and ocean circulation change in the uptake and redistribution of heat in the Southern Ocean remain controversial. Here, a set of climate model experiments embedded with a novel partial coupling technique are used to separate the roles of mean ocean circulation (passive component) and ocean circulation change (active component). For the ocean heat uptake (OHU) response, the mean ocean circulation and ocean circulation change are of equal importance. The OHT response south of 50°S is mainly determined by mean ocean circulation, while the ocean circulation change generates an anomalous southward OHT north of 50°S. A heat budget analysis finds that the divergence of passive OHT acts to balance the passive surface heat gain to the south of ~50°S, while the convergence of active OHT acts to balance the active surface heat loss to the north of ~50°S. Intriguingly, all the increase in ocean heat storage (OHS) is attributable to the passive component, with the ocean circulation change playing almost no role. In the Southern Ocean, both the active and the passive ocean heat transports are overcompensated by the reverse atmospheric heat transport via the Bjerknes compensation.
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Climate responses to Tambora-size volcanic eruption and the impact of warming climate (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-29
    Description: Climate Responses to Tambora-Size Volcanic Eruption and the Impact of Warming ClimateThe climatic consequences of large volcanic eruptions depend on the direct radiative perturbation and the climate variability that amplifies or dampens the initial perturbation. Potential climate responses to future eruptions, however, have been rarely studied. Here we show perturbation of Tambora-size causes significant but no inter-scenario different global average climate responses, by using Community Earth System Model simulations under preindustrial and RCP8.5 scenarios. Regionally we find severe reduction in African and Asian-Australian monsoon rainfall and emerge of El Niño-like responses, largely due to the land-ocean thermal contrast mechanism. Global warming significantly amplifies such El Niño-like responses, which feed on the enhanced climatology atmospheric moisture and cause higher sensitivity of monsoon circulation to radiative forcing in the tropics. We also find prolonged Asian-Australian monsoon suppression associated with the enhanced westerly anomalies over the Pacific, suggesting the complexity of climate responses and feedbacks to external forcing under future climate.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 10
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    Quantifying urban, industrial, and background changes in NO2 during the COVID-19 lockdown period based on satellite observations (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-04-27
    Description: The tropospheric NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 vertical column density (VCD) values measured by the Tropospheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) were used to study the tropospheric NO〈sub〉2 〈/sub〉variability and COVID-19 impacts for the 3° by 4° areas around 261 major cities worldwide. A new method of isolation of three components: background NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉, NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 from urban sources, and from industrial point sources is applied to estimate the impact of the COVID-19 lockdown on each of them. The method is based on fitting satellite data by a statistical model with empirical plume dispersion functions driven by a meteorological reanalysis. Population density and surface elevation data as well as coordinates of industrial sources were used in the analysis. Unlike other similar studies that studied plumes from emission sources, this study included the background component as a function of the elevation in the analysis. Abrupt changes in urban and industrial emissions due to COVID-19 lockdown did not immediately result in a similar decline in the background component. Different changes in background and urban components in TROPOMI NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 could explain the inconsistency between the surface and satellite VCD-based results: surface concentrations demonstrated a larger decline than tropospheric NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉. While background NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 component remained almost unchanged during the lockdown period, the urban NO〈sub〉2〈/sub〉 component declined by -18% to -28% over most regions. India, South America, and a part of Europe (particularly, Italy, France, and Spain) demonstrated a -40% to -50% urban emissions decline.
    Language: English
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