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  • 2020-2024  (16)
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  • 1
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    Chapter 6 Biology and Ecology of the Globally Significant Kelp Ecklonia radiata (2021)
    Taylor & Francis | Oceanography and Marine Biology | Oceanography and Marine Biology | CRC Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-05
    Description: Ecklonia radiata is one of the most widespread kelps globally, dominating temperate reefs throughout much of Australasia and southeastern Africa. Throughout much of its range, it is the only laminarian kelp and hence plays a key role in facilitating biodiversity and driving food webs, and it underpins immense ecological and socioeconomic values. This review synthesises the growing literature on E. radiata from its phylogeny and distribution through to its biology, ecology and recent changes. It provides an assessment of the state of knowledge and identifies gaps in our understanding of this important species. Despite being tolerant of a wide range of abiotic conditions, recent environmental change has caused direct and indirect loss of E. radiata forests, with extensive areas transitioning to turf and urchin barrens. Ongoing climate change may require application of multifaceted and novel strategies to increase its resistance and resilience to future conditions. By integrating variation across space, time and environmental change, this review provides a description of the current status and possible future trajectories of E. radiata forests.
    Keywords: biology ; ecology ; kelp ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PS Biology, life sciences
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 2
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    Confessions of a Presidential Speechwriter (2023)
    Michigan State University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-02
    Description: An avid high school debater and enthusiastic student body president, Craig Smith seemed destined for a life in public service from an early age. As a sought-after speechwriter, Smith had a front-row seat at some of the most important events of the twentieth century, meeting with Robert Kennedy and Richard Nixon, advising Governor Ronald Reagan, writing for President Ford, serving as a campaign manager for a major U.S. senator’s reelection campaign, and writing speeches for a contender for the Republican nomination for president. Life in the volatile world of politics wasn’t always easy, however, and as a closeted gay man, Smith struggled to reconcile his private and professional lives. In this revealing memoir, Smith sheds light on what it takes to make it as a speechwriter in a field where the only constant is change. While bouncing in and out of the academic world, Smith transitions from consultantships with George H. W. Bush and the Republican caucus of the U.S. Senate to a position with Chrysler CEO Lee Iacocca. When Smith returns to Washington, D.C., as president and founder of the Freedom of Expression Foundation, he becomes a leading player on First Amendment issues in the nation’s capital. Returning at long last to academia, Smith finds happiness coming out of the closet and reaping the benefits of a dedicated and highly successful career.
    Keywords: Political Rhetoric/ Memoir/ Gay Studies ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JF Society & culture: general::JFS Social groups::JFSJ Gender studies, gender groups
    Language: English
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    E-BOOK
  • 3
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    Eddy covariance observations of CO2, latent heat, and sensible heat fluxes at the Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-07
    Description: Observations of vertical fluxes of CO2, latent heat, and sensible heat were made at the Spiekeroog Coastal Observatory in the German Wadden Sea between 1.1.2021 and 28.12.2022. Measurements were made with an eddy covariance (EC) system consisting of a sonic anemometer (Gill Windmaster) and infrared gas analyzer (Li-7200), and processed in EddyPro according to standard methods. This dataset was gathered for the purpose of investigating the drivers of air-sea fluxes, but includes observations of fluxes influenced by the nearby Spiekeroog island, which may also be of interest. Identification of land vs sea fluxes can be made with a flux footprint analysis and by screening according to wind direction.
    Keywords: Carbon dioxide, density; Carbon dioxide, flux; Carbon dioxide mixing ratio; Carbon dioxide mixing ratio, variance; Carbon Storage in German Coastal Seas - Stability, Vulnerability and Perspectives for Manageability; Carbostore; DATE/TIME; Day of the year; Eddy Covariance System; equipped with a sonic anemometer, Gill Windmaster, and infrared gas analyzer, Li-7200; Friction velocity; German Bight, North Sea; Heat, flux, sensible; HEIGHT above ground; Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon; Hereon; Momentum, flux; Monin-Obukhov-length; Monin-Obukhov stability; Monitoring station; MONS; Quality flag, carbon dioxide, flux; Quality flag, heat, flux, sensible; Quality flag, momentum flux; Quality flag according to Mauder and Foken, 2004; Spiekeroog_TSS; Temperature, air; Time of day; Turbulence kinetic energy; Wind direction; Wind speed; Wind speed, along-wind, rotated, mean; Wind speed, cross-wind, rotated, mean; Wind speed, maximum; Wind speed, vertical, rotated, mean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 123878 data points
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  • 4
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    Seasonal nitrogen concentrations and nitrate isotopes of a New England River from 2018 to 2019 (2021)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-03-22
    Description: Data collection occurred in four parts during 2018 to 2019 for the Pawcatuck River: weekly collection from the Stillman and Westerly Bridges in Westerly, RI; collections were also taken seasonally from various bridges in a transect from head of the Pawcatuck River at Warden Pond to Westerly, RI; rain water was collected at UConn Avery Point - Groton, CT; and wastewater data reported by Westerly Wastewater Facility (which was corroborated in house at UConn Avery Point). Standard data collected was nutrient concentrations of nitrate, nitrite, ammonium, and phosphate. Total dissolved nitrogen, particulate nitrogen, and chlorophyll-a were also collected and measured. Our study utilized stable isotopes of nitrate and particulate nitrogen with the intent of tracking sources, cycling, and loading along the river. We focused on δ15N-NO3, δ18O-NO3, δ17O-NO3, and δ15N-PN. Through collection of rainwater at UConn Avery Point, percent atmospheric deposition of river samples based on the mass independent fractionation between δ17O and δ18O was calculated. Loading was calculated for each nutrient source based on collected data and river discharge reported from the USGS.
    Keywords: 15N; 18O; Ammonium; Ammonium, loading; Atmospheric deposition; Bottle, Van Dorn; Calculated; Calculated (sum of Nitrate, Nitrite, Ammonium); Chlorophyll a; Comment; Conductivity; Conversion to NOx with a hot Vanadium II solution followed by detection on a Teledyne chemiluminescent NOx detector (Braman and Hedrix 1989); DATE/TIME; Discharge; Dissolved oxygen optical probe (Orion Star); Distance; Element analyser CHN, Costech; Event label; Gauge station; GS; Inverse of Nitrate, flux; Mac_Rain_Rainwater; N Isotopes; nitrate; Nitrate; Nitrate, loading; nitrogen; Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved; Nitrogen, inorganic, dissolved, loading; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved; Nitrogen, organic, dissolved, loading; Nitrogen, particulate; Nitrogen, total; Nitrogen, total, loading; Nitrogen, total, particulate, loading; Nitrogen, total dissolved, loading; Oakton Con 450; Oxygen, dissolved; Pawcatuck River; Pawcatuck-Seasonal_Transect; Pawcatuck-Weekly_Stillman_Bridge; Pawcatuck-Weekly_Westerly_Bridge; Persulfate oxidation and colorimetry; Phosphate; Phosphate, loading; Pigments, Turner fluorometer; Present weather; River discharge, daily; Sample ID; Sample position; Sample volume; Smartchem analyser (spectrophotometric detection); Temperature, water; Thermo Delta V GC-IRMS with custom modified Gas Bench II with two cold traps and a PAL Autosampler (Sigman et al. 2001; Casciotti et al, 2002; Kaiser et al., 2007); VDB; WC_Wastewater; Δ17O, nitrate; Δ17O=δ17O-0.52 x δ18O (Thiemens 1999); δ15N, nitrate; δ15N, nitrate, standard deviation; δ15N, total particulate nitrogen; δ18O; δ18O, nitrate; δ18O, nitrate, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5241 data points
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  • 5
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    Global coastal groundwater and subterranean estuary nutrients (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-20
    Description: These data were compiled from original and published datasets of coastal groundwater / subterranean estuary research efforts along global coastline (sites within 1km of shoreline). The dataset includes sampling site names, locations, original sample information, sample depth, temperature, salinity, dissolved nitrogen concentrations, and dissolved phosphorus concentrations. The data source or curator is also included in the dataset.
    Keywords: biogeochemistry; groundwater; nutrients; subterranean estuary
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/vnd.ms-excel.sheet.macroenabled.12, 1.4 MBytes
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  • 6
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    Metadata associated with genomic and genetic data collected from organisms obtained on BOWLs landers, R/V Oceanus June 22-27, 2014 (BOWLS project) (2023)
    Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Contact: bco-dmo-data@whoi.edu
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-03-09
    Description: Dataset: BOWLS sample log
    Description: Metadata associated with genomic and genetic data collected from organisms obtained on BOWLs landers, R/V Oceanus June 22-27, 2014. For a complete list of measurements, refer to the full dataset description in the supplemental file 'Dataset_description.pdf'. The most current version of this dataset is available at: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/662996
    Description: NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) OCE-1155188
    Repository Name: Woods Hole Open Access Server
    Type: Dataset
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  • 7
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    Antarctic ecosystem responses following ice‐shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research (2021)
    Wiley
    In:  EPIC3WIREs Climate Change, Wiley, 12(1), ISSN: 1757-7780
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-21
    Description: The calving of A-68, the 5,800-km2, 1-trillion-ton iceberg shed from the Larsen C Ice Shelf in July 2017, is one of over 10 significant ice-shelf loss events in the past few decades resulting from rapid warming around the Antarctic Peninsula. The rapid thinning, retreat, and collapse of ice shelves along the Antarctic Peninsula are harbingers of warming effects around the entire continent. Ice shelves cover more than 1.5 million km2 and fringe 75% of Antarctica's coastline, delineating the primary connections between the Antarctic continent, the continental ice, and the Southern Ocean. Changes in Antarctic ice shelves bring dramatic and large-scale modifications to Southern Ocean ecosystems and continental ice movements, with global-scale implications. The thinning and rate of future ice-shelf demise is notoriously unpredictable, but models suggest increased shelf-melt and calving will become more common. To date, little is known about sub-ice-shelf ecosystems, and our understanding of ecosystem change following collapse and calving is predominantly based on responsive science once collapses have occurred. In this review, we outline what is known about (a) ice-shelf melt, volume loss, retreat, and calving, (b) ice-shelf-associated ecosystems through sub-ice, sediment-core, and pre-collapse and post-collapse studies, and (c) ecological responses in pelagic, sympagic, and benthic ecosystems. We then discuss major knowledge gaps and how science might address these gaps. This article is categorized under: Climate, Ecology, and Conservation 〉 Modeling Species and Community Interactions.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , NonPeerReviewed
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  • 8
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    Carbonate compensation depth drives abyssal biogeography in the northeast Pacific (2023)
    Nature Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Abyssal seafloor communities cover more than 60% of Earth’s surface. Despite their great size, abyssal plains extend across modest environmental gradients compared to other marine ecosystems. However, little is known about the patterns and processes regulating biodiversity or potentially delimiting biogeographical boundaries at regional scales in the abyss. Improved macroecological understanding of remote abyssal environments is urgent as threats of widespread anthropogenic disturbance grow in the deep ocean. Here, we use a new, basin-scale dataset to show the existence of clear regional zonation in abyssal communities across the 5,000 km span of the Clarion–Clipperton Zone (northeast Pacific), an area targeted for deep-sea mining. We found two pronounced biogeographic provinces, deep and shallow-abyssal, separated by a transition zone between 4,300 and 4,800 m depth. Surprisingly, species richness was maintained across this boundary by phylum-level taxonomic replacements. These regional transitions are probably related to calcium carbonate saturation boundaries as taxa dependent on calcium carbonate structures, such as shelled molluscs, appear restricted to the shallower province. Our results suggest geochemical and climatic forcing on distributions of abyssal populations over large spatial scales and provide a potential paradigm for deep-sea macroecology, opening a new basis for regional-scale biodiversity research and conservation strategies in Earth’s largest biome.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 9
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    Food falls in the deep northwestern Weddell Sea (2022)
    Frontiers
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: When pelagic organisms die and fall onto the deep-sea floor they create food falls, parcels of organic enrichment that subsidize deep benthic scavenging communities. The diversity and quantities of food falls remains unstudied for many ocean regions, since they are stochastically deposited and rapidly scavenged. The Southern Ocean habitat supports large populations of megafauna but few food falls have been documented. To investigate the diversity and quantity of food falls in the northwestern Weddell Sea we analyzed 8476 deep-sea floor images that were captured during the expedition PS118 on RV Polarstern in 2019 by the camera system OFOBS (Ocean Floor Observation and Bathymetry System). OFOBS was towed 1.5 m above the seafloor along five transects (400 to 2200 m seafloor depth) east of the Antarctic Peninsula. We observed the carcasses of one baleen whale, one penguin, and four fish at depths of 647 m, 613 m, 647 m, 2136 m, 2165 m, and 2112 m, respectively, as well as associated scavenging fauna. To the best of our knowledge, we describe here the first in situ observations of deep-sea food falls for penguins and fish in the Southern Ocean. While the whale carcass seemed in an intermediate successional stage, both the penguin and the fish were likely recently deposited and three of the fish potentially resulted from fishery discards. Our relatively small data set suggests that a diverse array of food falls provide nutrients to the slopes of the Powell Basin.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed
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  • 10
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    Environment, ecology, and potential effectiveness of an area protected from deep-sea mining (Clarion Clipperton Zone, abyssal Pacific) (2021)
    Elsevier
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-02-07
    Description: Highlights • All known observations for Area of Particular Environmental Interest 6 presented. • Assess morphology, sediments, nodules, oceanography, biogeochemistry and ecology. • APEI-6 partially representative of nearby exploration areas yet clear differences. • Present scientific synthesis and management implications for Clarion Clipperton Zone. To protect the range of habitats, species, and ecosystem functions in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ), a region of interest for deep-sea polymetallic nodule mining in the Pacific, nine Areas of Particular Environmental Interest (APEIs) have been designated by the International Seabed Authority (ISA). The APEIs are remote, rarely visited and poorly understood. Here we present and synthesise all available observations made at APEI-6, the most north eastern APEI in the network, and assess its representativity of mining contract areas in the eastern CCZ. The two studied regions of APEI-6 have a variable morphology, typical of the CCZ, with hills, plains and occasional seamounts. The seafloor is predominantly covered by fine-grained sediments, and includes small but abundant polymetallic nodules, as well as exposed bedrock. The oceanographic parameters investigated appear broadly similar across the region although some differences in deep-water mass separation were evident between APEI-6 and some contract areas. Sediment biogeochemistry is broadly similar across the area in the parameters investigated, except for oxygen penetration depth, which reached 〉2 m at the study sites within APEI-6, deeper than that found at UK1 and GSR contract areas. The ecology of study sites in APEI-6 differs from that reported from UK1 and TOML-D contract areas, with differences in community composition of microbes, macrofauna, xenophyophores and metazoan megafauna. Some species were shared between areas although connectivity appears limited. We show that, from the available information, APEI-6 is partially representative of the exploration areas to the south yet is distinctly different in several key characteristics. As a result, additional APEIs may be warranted and caution may need to be taken in relying on the APEI network alone for conservation, with other management activities required to help mitigate the impacts of mining in the CCZ.
    Type: Article , PeerReviewed , info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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