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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2021-02-04
    Description: Small steam-driven volcanic explosions are common at volcanoes worldwide but are rarely documented or monitored; therefore, these events still put residents and tourists at risk every year. Steam-driven explosions also occur frequently (once every 2–5 years on average) at Lascar volcano, Chile, where they are often spontaneous and lack any identifiable precursor activity. Here, for the first time at Lascar, we describe the processes culminating in such a sudden volcanic explosion that occurred on 30 October 2015, which was thoroughly monitored by cameras, a seismic network, and gas and temperature sensors. Prior to the eruption, we retrospectively identified unrest manifesting as a gradual increase in the number of long-period (LP) seismic events in 2014, indicating an enhanced level of activity at the volcano. Additionally, sulfur dioxide (SO2) flux and thermal anomalies were detected before the eruption. Then, our weather station reported a precipitation event, followed by an increase in steaming and a sudden volcanic explosion at Lascar. The multidisciplinary data exhibited short-term variations associated with the explosion, including (1) an abrupt eruption onset that was seismically identified in the 1–10 Hz frequency band, (2) the detection of a 1.7 km high white-gray eruption column in camera images, and (3) a pronounced spike in SO2 emission rates reaching 55 kg s−1 during the main pulse of the eruption as measured by a mini-differential optical absorption spectroscopy (DOAS) scanner. Continuous carbon dioxide (CO2) and temperature measurements conducted at a fumarole on the southern rim of the Lascar crater revealed a pronounced change in the trend of the relationship between the CO2 mixing ratio and the gas outlet temperature; we speculate that this change was associated with the prior precipitation event. An increased thermal anomaly inside the active crater as observed in Sentinel-2 images and drone overflights performed after the steam-driven explosion revealed the presence of a ∼50 m long fracture truncating the floor of the active crater, which coincides well with the location of the thermal anomaly. This study presents the chronology of events culminating in a steam-driven explosion but also demonstrates that phreatic explosions are difficult to predict, even if the volcano is thoroughly monitored; these findings emphasize why ascending to the summits of Lascar and similar volcanoes is hazardous, particularly after considerable precipitation.
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Unknown
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: San Martín, Valeska; Gelcich, Stefan; Lavín, Felipe Vásquez; Ponce Oliva, Roberto D; Hernández, José I; Lagos, Nelson A; Birchenough, Silvana N R; Vargas, Cristian A (2019): Linking social preferences and ocean acidification impacts in mussel aquaculture. Scientific Reports, 9(1), https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-41104-5
    Publication Date: 2024-03-15
    Description: Ocean Acidification (OA) has become one of the most studied global stressors in marine science during the last fifteen years. Despite the variety of studies on the biological effects of OA with marine commercial species, estimations of these impacts over consumers' preferences have not been studied in detail, compromising our ability to undertake an assessment of market and economic impacts resulting from OA at local scales. Here, we use a novel and interdisciplinary approach to fill this gap. We experimentally test the impact of OA on commercially relevant physical and nutritional attributes of mussels, and then we use economic discrete choice models to assess the marginal effects of these impacts over consumers' preferences and wellbeing. Results showed that attributes, which were significantly affected by OA, are also those preferred by consumers. Consumers are willing to pay on average 52% less for mussels with evidences of OA and are willing to increase the price they pay to avoid negative changes in attributes due to OA. The interdisciplinary approach developed here, complements research conducted on OA by effectively informing how OA economic impacts can be analyzed under the lens of marginal changes in market price and consumer' welfare. Thereby, linking global phenomena to consumers' wellbeing, and shifting the focus of OA impacts to assess the effects of local vulnerabilities in a wider context of people and businesses.
    Keywords: Alkalinity, total; Alkalinity, total, standard deviation; Animalia; Aragonite saturation state; Aragonite saturation state, standard deviation; Benthic animals; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Bicarbonate ion, standard deviation; Bottles or small containers/Aquaria (〈20 L); Calcite saturation state; Calcite saturation state, standard deviation; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Calculated using seacarb after Orr et al. (2018); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbon, inorganic, dissolved, standard deviation; Carbonate ion; Carbonate ion, standard deviation; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Category; Coast and continental shelf; EXP; Experiment; Fatty acid as percentage of total fatty acids; Fatty acids, standard deviation; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Fugacity of carbon dioxide in seawater, standard deviation; Laboratory experiment; Life stage; Mollusca; Mytilus chilensis; Name; North Pacific; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Other studied parameter or process; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide, standard deviation; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Proteins; Proteins, standard deviation; Registration number of species; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Single species; Species; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation; Time in weeks; Treatment; Type; Uniform resource locator/link to reference; Vilupulli_OA; Vitamin B12; Vitamin B12, standard deviation
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1936 data points
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 1170-1172 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford [u.a.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 46 (1990), S. 2486-2487 
    ISSN: 1600-5759
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 106 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Individual particle analysis of end views from negatively stained specimensof purified GroEL from Escherichia coli showed the presence of two different particle populations, those with a six-fold symmetry and those with a seven-fold symmetry, when studied at pH 7.7 and 5.0. Image processing of particles from frozen-hydrated specimens revealed at both pH values a homogeneous population of particles with a strong seven-fold symmetry component and an average image with seven asymmetric units. Biochemical analysis of purified GroEL showed unequivocally the presence of a single polypeptide with the N-terminal sequence identical to that of GroEL. These results are compatible with a structural model of GroEL as an asymmetric aggregate built up by two rings of seven-fold and six-fold symmetries, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of applied electrochemistry 24 (1994), S. 542-547 
    ISSN: 1572-8838
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of the present investigation was to develop an electrochemical process to obtain simultaneously cuprous oxide powder and metallic nickel in a two-compartment cell. Nafion® 901 bimembrane (Dupont, USA) was employed to separate the compartments to avoid the diffusion of nickel ions from the catholyte to the anolyte. A continuous addition of sodium hydroxide solution to the anodic compartment was necessary to form in situ the cuprous oxide by chemical reaction with the cuprous chlorocomplexes generated at the anode. As an anode system, a titanium basket filled with copper scrap wire was utilized. The anodic operating conditions were: NaCl 250 g dm−3, pH 10, 80°C, c.d. 6 A dm−2 and current concentration 0.4 A dm−3, The cathodic parameters were: Ni2i 74 g dm−3, H3B0330 g dm−3, sodium lauryl sulphate 0.5 g dm−3, coumarin 0.15 g dm−3, pH2, 50°C, c.d. 6 A dm−2 Good quality red-violet cuprous oxide powder, meeting ASTM specifications D912-65 to be used in antifouling paints and metallic nickel (〉 99.96% Ni) was obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 113-115 (Jan. 1993), p. 269-274 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Probability theory and related fields 97 (1993), S. 363-381 
    ISSN: 1432-2064
    Keywords: 60H05 ; 60G44 ; 60G07 ; 60H10 ; 60H20
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mathematics
    Notes: Summary A general one dimensional change of variables formula is established for continuous semimartingales which extends the famous Meyer-Tanaka formula. The inspiration comes from an application arising in stochastic finance theory. For functions mapping ℝ n to ℝ, a general change of variables formula is established for arbitrary semimartingales, where the usualC 2 hypothesis is relaxed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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