ALBERT

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉The ability of models designed to use near-surface structural information to predict the deep geometry of a faulted block is tested for a thick-skinned thrust by matching the surface geometry to the crustal structure beneath the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA. The Wind River Range is an ∼100-km-wide, thick-skinned rotated basement block bounded on one side by a high-angle reverse fault. The availability of a deep seismic-reflection profile and a detailed crustal impedance profile based on teleseismic receiver-function analysis makes this location ideal for testing techniques used to predict the deep fault geometry from shallow data. The techniques applied are the kinematic models for a circular-arc fault, oblique simple-shear fault, shear fault-bend fold, and model-independent excess area balancing. All the kinematic models imply that the deformation cannot be exclusively rigid-body rotation but rather require distributed deformation throughout some or all of the basement. Both the circular-arc model and the oblique-shear models give nearly the same best fit to the master fault geometry. The predicted lower detachment matches a potential crustal detachment zone at 31 km subsea. The thrust ramp is located close to where this zone dies out to the southwest. The circular-arc model implies that the penetrative deformation could be focused at the trailing edge of the basement block rather than being distributed uniformly throughout and thus helps to explain the line of second-order anticlines along the trailing edge of the Wind River block.Key points: (1) The circular-arc fault model and the oblique-shear model predict a lower detachment for the Wind River rotated block to be ∼31 km subsea, consistent with the crustal structure as defined by teleseismic receiver-function analysis. The thrust ramp starts where this zone dies out. (2) The kinematic models require distributed internal deformation within the basement block, probably concentrated at the trailing edge. (3) The uplift at the trailing edge of the rotated block is explained by the circular-arc kinematic model as a requirement to maintain area balance of a mostly rigid block above a horizontal detachment; the oblique-shear model can explain the uplift as caused by displacement on a dipping detachment.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉The ability of models designed to use near-surface structural information to predict the deep geometry of a faulted block is tested for a thick-skinned thrust by matching the surface geometry to the crustal structure beneath the Wind River Range, Wyoming, USA. The Wind River Range is an ∼100-km-wide, thick-skinned rotated basement block bounded on one side by a high-angle reverse fault. The availability of a deep seismic-reflection profile and a detailed crustal impedance profile based on teleseismic receiver-function analysis makes this location ideal for testing techniques used to predict the deep fault geometry from shallow data. The techniques applied are the kinematic models for a circular-arc fault, oblique simple-shear fault, shear fault-bend fold, and model-independent excess area balancing. All the kinematic models imply that the deformation cannot be exclusively rigid-body rotation but rather require distributed deformation throughout some or all of the basement. Both the circular-arc model and the oblique-shear models give nearly the same best fit to the master fault geometry. The predicted lower detachment matches a potential crustal detachment zone at 31 km subsea. The thrust ramp is located close to where this zone dies out to the southwest. The circular-arc model implies that the penetrative deformation could be focused at the trailing edge of the basement block rather than being distributed uniformly throughout and thus helps to explain the line of second-order anticlines along the trailing edge of the Wind River block.Key points: (1) The circular-arc fault model and the oblique-shear model predict a lower detachment for the Wind River rotated block to be ∼31 km subsea, consistent with the crustal structure as defined by teleseismic receiver-function analysis. The thrust ramp starts where this zone dies out. (2) The kinematic models require distributed internal deformation within the basement block, probably concentrated at the trailing edge. (3) The uplift at the trailing edge of the rotated block is explained by the circular-arc kinematic model as a requirement to maintain area balance of a mostly rigid block above a horizontal detachment; the oblique-shear model can explain the uplift as caused by displacement on a dipping detachment.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉〈div〉Abstract〈/div〉In this work, we compile several seismic velocity models publicly available from the Incorporated Research Institute for Seismology (IRIS) Earth Model Collaboration (EMC) and compare subcrustal mantle velocities in the models to each other and to the timing of tectonism across the continent. This work allows us to assess the relationship between the time elapsed since the most recent thermotectonic event and uppermost mantle temperatures. We apply mineral- and physics-based models of velocity-temperature relationships to calculate upper-mantle temperatures in order to determine cooling rates for the lower-crust and uppermost mantle following thermotectonic activity. Results show that most of the cooling occurs in the ∼300–500 million years following orogeny. This work summarizes current estimates of upper-mantle shear velocities and provides insights on the thermal stabilization of continental lithosphere through time.〈/span〉

Description: 〈span〉In this work, we compile several seismic velocity models publicly available from the Incorporated Research Institute for Seismology (IRIS) Earth Model Collaboration (EMC) and compare subcrustal mantle velocities in the models to each other and to the timing of tectonism across the continent. This work allows us to assess the relationship between the time elapsed since the most recent thermotectonic event and uppermost mantle temperatures. We apply mineral- and physics-based models of velocity-temperature relationships to calculate upper-mantle temperatures in order to determine cooling rates for the lower-crust and uppermost mantle following thermotectonic activity. Results show that most of the cooling occurs in the ~300–500 million years following orogeny. This work summarizes current estimates of upper-mantle shear velocities and provides insights on the thermal stabilization of continental lithosphere through time.〈/span〉