ALBERT

Beschreibung: The Surface Ocean CO2 Atlas (SOCAT) is a synthesis activity by the international marine carbon research community (〉100 contributors). SOCAT version 4 has 18.5 million quality-controlled, surface ocean fCO2 (fugacity of carbon dioxide) observations with an accuracy of better than 5 µatm from 1957 to 2015 for the global oceans and coastal seas. Automation of data upload and initial data checks speeds up data submission and allows annual releases of SOCAT from version 4 onwards. SOCAT enables quantification of the ocean carbon sink and ocean acidification and evaluation of ocean biogeochemical models. SOCAT represents a milestone in research coordination, data access, biogeochemical and climate research and in informing policy.

Beschreibung: A variety of organisms have evolved mechanisms to detect and respond to light, in which the response is mediated by protein structural changes after photon absorption. The initial step is often the photoisomerization of a conjugated chromophore. Isomerization occurs on ultrafast time scales and is substantially influenced by the chromophore environment. Here we identify structural changes associated with the earliest steps in the trans-to-cis isomerization of the chromophore in photoactive yellow protein. Femtosecond hard x-ray pulses emitted by the Linac Coherent Light Source were used to conduct time-resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on photoactive yellow protein microcrystals over a time range from 100 femtoseconds to 3 picoseconds to determine the structural dynamics of the photoisomerization reaction.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pande, Kanupriya -- Hutchison, Christopher D M -- Groenhof, Gerrit -- Aquila, Andy -- Robinson, Josef S -- Tenboer, Jason -- Basu, Shibom -- Boutet, Sebastien -- DePonte, Daniel P -- Liang, Mengning -- White, Thomas A -- Zatsepin, Nadia A -- Yefanov, Oleksandr -- Morozov, Dmitry -- Oberthuer, Dominik -- Gati, Cornelius -- Subramanian, Ganesh -- James, Daniel -- Zhao, Yun -- Koralek, Jake -- Brayshaw, Jennifer -- Kupitz, Christopher -- Conrad, Chelsie -- Roy-Chowdhury, Shatabdi -- Coe, Jesse D -- Metz, Markus -- Xavier, Paulraj Lourdu -- Grant, Thomas D -- Koglin, Jason E -- Ketawala, Gihan -- Fromme, Raimund -- Srajer, Vukica -- Henning, Robert -- Spence, John C H -- Ourmazd, Abbas -- Schwander, Peter -- Weierstall, Uwe -- Frank, Matthias -- Fromme, Petra -- Barty, Anton -- Chapman, Henry N -- Moffat, Keith -- van Thor, Jasper J -- Schmidt, Marius -- P41GM103393/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- P41RR001209/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- R01EY024363/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM095583/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R24GM111072/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 6;352(6286):725-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5081. Epub 2016 May 5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Faculty of Natural Sciences, Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK. ; Nanoscience Center and Department of Chemistry, University of Jyvaskyla, Post Office Box 35, 40014 Jyvaskyla, Finland. ; Linac Coherent Light Source, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory, Sand Hill Road, Menlo Park, CA 94025, USA. ; Department of Physics, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, WI 53211, USA. ; School of Molecular Sciences and Biodesign Center for Applied Structural Discovery, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. ; Department of Physics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85287, USA. ; Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. IMPRS-UFAST, Max Planck Institute for Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; Hauptman-Woodward Institute, State University of New York at Buffalo, 700 Ellicott Street, Buffalo, NY 14203, USA. ; Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. ; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, CA 94550, USA. ; Center for Free Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen Synchrotron, Notkestrasse 85, 22607 Hamburg, Germany. Center for Ultrafast Imaging, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761 Hamburg, Germany. ; Center for Advanced Radiation Sources, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Institute for Biophysical Dynamics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27151871" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental physical process in plasmas whereby stored magnetic energy is converted into heat and kinetic energy of charged particles. Reconnection occurs in many astrophysical plasma environments and in laboratory plasmas. Using very high time resolution measurements, NASA's Magnetospheric Multiscale Mission (MMS) has found direct evidence for electron demagnetization and acceleration at sites along the sunward boundary of Earth's magnetosphere where the interplanetary magnetic field reconnects with the terrestrial magnetic field. We have (i) observed the conversion of magnetic energy to particle energy, (ii) measured the electric field and current, which together cause the dissipation of magnetic energy, and (iii) identified the electron population that carries the current as a result of demagnetization and acceleration within the reconnection diffusion/dissipation region.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burch, J L -- Torbert, R B -- Phan, T D -- Chen, L-J -- Moore, T E -- Ergun, R E -- Eastwood, J P -- Gershman, D J -- Cassak, P A -- Argall, M R -- Wang, S -- Hesse, M -- Pollock, C J -- Giles, B L -- Nakamura, R -- Mauk, B H -- Fuselier, S A -- Russell, C T -- Strangeway, R J -- Drake, J F -- Shay, M A -- Khotyaintsev, Yu V -- Lindqvist, P-A -- Marklund, G -- Wilder, F D -- Young, D T -- Torkar, K -- Goldstein, J -- Dorelli, J C -- Avanov, L A -- Oka, M -- Baker, D N -- Jaynes, A N -- Goodrich, K A -- Cohen, I J -- Turner, D L -- Fennell, J F -- Blake, J B -- Clemmons, J -- Goldman, M -- Newman, D -- Petrinec, S M -- Trattner, K J -- Lavraud, B -- Reiff, P H -- Baumjohann, W -- Magnes, W -- Steller, M -- Lewis, W -- Saito, Y -- Coffey, V -- Chandler, M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 12. pii: aaf2939.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. jburch@swri.edu. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. ; University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA. ; University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA. ; NASA, Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD, USA. ; University of Colorado LASP, Boulder, CO, USA. ; Blackett Laboratory, Imperial College London, London, UK. ; West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA. ; University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA. ; Space Research Institute, Austrian Academy of Sciences, Graz, Austria. ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD, USA. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX, USA. ; University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA. ; University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA. ; Swedish Institute of Space Physics, Uppsala, Sweden. ; Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. ; Aerospace Corporation, El Segundo, CA, USA. ; University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA. ; Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, Palo Alto, CA, USA. ; Institut de Recherche en Astrophysique et Planetologie, Toulouse, France. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rice University, Houston, TX, USA. ; Institute for Space and Astronautical Sciences, Sagamihara, Japan. ; NASA, Marshall Space Flight Center, Huntsville, AL, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174677" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Regrowth of tropical secondary forests following complete or nearly complete removal of forest vegetation actively stores carbon in aboveground biomass, partially counterbalancing carbon emissions from deforestation, forest degradation, burning of fossil fuels, and other anthropogenic sources. We estimate the age and spatial extent of lowland second-growth forests in the Latin American tropics and model their potential aboveground carbon accumulation over four decades. Our model shows that, in 2008, second-growth forests (1 to 60 years old) covered 2.4 million km 2 of land (28.1% of the total study area). Over 40 years, these lands can potentially accumulate a total aboveground carbon stock of 8.48 Pg C (petagrams of carbon) in aboveground biomass via low-cost natural regeneration or assisted regeneration, corresponding to a total CO 2 sequestration of 31.09 Pg CO 2 . This total is equivalent to carbon emissions from fossil fuel use and industrial processes in all of Latin America and the Caribbean from 1993 to 2014. Ten countries account for 95% of this carbon storage potential, led by Brazil, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. We model future land-use scenarios to guide national carbon mitigation policies. Permitting natural regeneration on 40% of lowland pastures potentially stores an additional 2.0 Pg C over 40 years. Our study provides information and maps to guide national-level forest-based carbon mitigation plans on the basis of estimated rates of natural regeneration and pasture abandonment. Coupled with avoided deforestation and sustainable forest management, natural regeneration of second-growth forests provides a low-cost mechanism that yields a high carbon sequestration potential with multiple benefits for biodiversity and ecosystem services.

Beschreibung: The widespread popularity of density functional theory has given rise to an extensive range of dedicated codes for predicting molecular and crystalline properties. However, each code implements the formalism in a different way, raising questions about the reproducibility of such predictions. We report the results of a community-wide effort that compared 15 solid-state codes, using 40 different potentials or basis set types, to assess the quality of the Perdew-Burke-Ernzerhof equations of state for 71 elemental crystals. We conclude that predictions from recent codes and pseudopotentials agree very well, with pairwise differences that are comparable to those between different high-precision experiments. Older methods, however, have less precise agreement. Our benchmark provides a framework for users and developers to document the precision of new applications and methodological improvements.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lejaeghere, Kurt -- Bihlmayer, Gustav -- Bjorkman, Torbjorn -- Blaha, Peter -- Blugel, Stefan -- Blum, Volker -- Caliste, Damien -- Castelli, Ivano E -- Clark, Stewart J -- Dal Corso, Andrea -- de Gironcoli, Stefano -- Deutsch, Thierry -- Dewhurst, John Kay -- Di Marco, Igor -- Draxl, Claudia -- Dulak, Marcin -- Eriksson, Olle -- Flores-Livas, Jose A -- Garrity, Kevin F -- Genovese, Luigi -- Giannozzi, Paolo -- Giantomassi, Matteo -- Goedecker, Stefan -- Gonze, Xavier -- Granas, Oscar -- Gross, E K U -- Gulans, Andris -- Gygi, Francois -- Hamann, D R -- Hasnip, Phil J -- Holzwarth, N A W -- Iusan, Diana -- Jochym, Dominik B -- Jollet, Francois -- Jones, Daniel -- Kresse, Georg -- Koepernik, Klaus -- Kucukbenli, Emine -- Kvashnin, Yaroslav O -- Locht, Inka L M -- Lubeck, Sven -- Marsman, Martijn -- Marzari, Nicola -- Nitzsche, Ulrike -- Nordstrom, Lars -- Ozaki, Taisuke -- Paulatto, Lorenzo -- Pickard, Chris J -- Poelmans, Ward -- Probert, Matt I J -- Refson, Keith -- Richter, Manuel -- Rignanese, Gian-Marco -- Saha, Santanu -- Scheffler, Matthias -- Schlipf, Martin -- Schwarz, Karlheinz -- Sharma, Sangeeta -- Tavazza, Francesca -- Thunstrom, Patrik -- Tkatchenko, Alexandre -- Torrent, Marc -- Vanderbilt, David -- van Setten, Michiel J -- Van Speybroeck, Veronique -- Wills, John M -- Yates, Jonathan R -- Zhang, Guo-Xu -- Cottenier, Stefaan -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 25;351(6280):aad3000. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3000.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. ; Peter Grunberg Institute and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Julich and JARA (Julich Aachen Research Alliance), D-52425 Julich, Germany. ; Department of Physics, Abo Akademi, FI-20500 Turku, Finland. Centre of Excellence in Computational Nanoscience (COMP) and Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Post Office Box 11100, FI-00076 Aalto, Finland. ; Institute of Materials Chemistry, Vienna University of Technology, Getreidemarkt 9/165-TC, A-1060 Vienna, Austria. ; Department of Mechanical Engineering and Materials Science, Duke University, Durham, NC 27708, USA. ; Universite Grenoble Alpes, Institut Nanosciences et Cryogenie-Modeling and Material Exploration Department (INAC-MEM), Laboratoire de Simulation Atomistique (L_Sim), F-38042 Grenoble, France. Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA), INAC-MEM, L_Sim, F-38054 Grenoble, France. ; Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. ; Department of Physics, University of Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, UK. ; International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. ; Max-Planck-Institut fur Mikrostrukturphysik, Weinberg 2, D-06120 Halle, Germany. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. ; Institut fur Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Zum Grossen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. ; Center for Atomic-Scale Materials Design, Department of Physics, Technical University of Denmark, DK-2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark. ; Material Measurement Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology, 100 Bureau Drive, Stop 8553, Gaithersburg, MD 20899, USA. ; Department of Mathematics, Computer Science, and Physics, University of Udine, Via delle Scienze 206, I-33100 Udine, Italy. ; Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences-Nanoscopic Physics (NAPS), Universite Catholique de Louvain, Chemin des Etoiles 8, BE-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. ; Institut fur Physik, Universitat Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 82, CH-4056 Basel, Switzerland. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA. ; Department of Computer Science, University of California-Davis, Davis, CA 95616, USA. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA. Mat-Sim Research, Post Office Box 742, Murray Hill, NJ 07974, USA. ; Department of Physics, University of York, Heslington, York YO10 5DD, UK. ; Department of Physics, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC 27109, USA. ; Scientific Computing Department, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. ; CEA, DAM, DIF, F-91297 Arpajon, France. ; Department of Materials, University of Oxford, 16 Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PH, UK. ; Faculty of Physics and Center for Computational Materials Science, University of Vienna, Sensengasse 8/12, A-1090 Vienna, Austria. ; LeibnizInstitut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. Dresden Center for Computational Materials Science (DCMS), Technische Universitat Dresden, D-01069 Dresden, Germany. ; Theory and Simulation of Materials (THEOS) and National Centre for Computational Design and Discovery of Novel Materials (MARVEL), Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland. International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA) and DEMOCRITOS, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche-Istituto Officina dei Materiali (CNR-IOM), Via Bonomea 265, I-34136 Trieste, Italy. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Division of Materials Theory, Uppsala University, Post Office Box 516, SE-75120 Uppsala, Sweden. Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, Netherlands. ; Institut fur Physik and Integrative Research Institute for the Sciences (IRIS)-Adlershof, Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin, Zum Grossen Windkanal 6, D-12489 Berlin, Germany. ; LeibnizInstitut fur Festkorper- und Werkstoffforschung (IFW) Dresden, Post Office Box 270 116, D-01171 Dresden, Germany. ; Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa 277-8581, Japan. ; Institut de Mineralogie, de Physique des Materiaux, et de Cosmochimie (IMPMC), Sorbonne Universites-Pierre and Marie Curie University Paris 06, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS) Unite Mixte de Recherche (UMR) 7590, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Institut de Recherche pour le Developpement (IRD) Unite de Recherche 206, 4 Place Jussieu, F-75005 Paris, France. ; Department of Materials Science and Metallurgy, University of Cambridge, 27 Charles Babbage Road, Cambridge CB3 0FS, UK. ; Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. High Performance Computing Unit, Ghent University, Krijgslaan 281 S9, BE-9000 Ghent, Belgium. ; Department of Physics, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK. ISIS Facility, Science and Technology Facilities Council, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Didcot OX11 0QX, UK. ; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and Materials Department, University of California-Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106-5050, USA. ; Institute for Solid State Physics, Vienna University of Technology, A-1040 Vienna, Austria. ; Fritz-Haber-Institut der Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Faradayweg 4-6, D-14195 Berlin, Germany. Physics and Materials Science Research Unit, University of Luxembourg, L-1511 Luxembourg. ; Department of Physics and Astronomy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854-8019, USA. ; Theoretical Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USA. ; Institute of Theoretical and Simulational Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, People's Republic of China. ; Center for Molecular Modeling, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Ghent University, Technologiepark 903, BE-9052 Zwijnaarde, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27013736" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Scavenger receptor BI (SR-BI) is the major receptor for high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol (HDL-C). In humans, high amounts of HDL-C in plasma are associated with a lower risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). Mice that have depleted Scarb1 (SR-BI knockout mice) have markedly elevated HDL-C levels but, paradoxically, increased atherosclerosis. The impact of SR-BI on HDL metabolism and CHD risk in humans remains unclear. Through targeted sequencing of coding regions of lipid-modifying genes in 328 individuals with extremely high plasma HDL-C levels, we identified a homozygote for a loss-of-function variant, in which leucine replaces proline 376 (P376L), in SCARB1, the gene encoding SR-BI. The P376L variant impairs posttranslational processing of SR-BI and abrogates selective HDL cholesterol uptake in transfected cells, in hepatocyte-like cells derived from induced pluripotent stem cells from the homozygous subject, and in mice. Large population-based studies revealed that subjects who are heterozygous carriers of the P376L variant have significantly increased levels of plasma HDL-C. P376L carriers have a profound HDL-related phenotype and an increased risk of CHD (odds ratio = 1.79, which is statistically significant).〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Zanoni, Paolo -- Khetarpal, Sumeet A -- Larach, Daniel B -- Hancock-Cerutti, William F -- Millar, John S -- Cuchel, Marina -- DerOhannessian, Stephanie -- Kontush, Anatol -- Surendran, Praveen -- Saleheen, Danish -- Trompet, Stella -- Jukema, J Wouter -- De Craen, Anton -- Deloukas, Panos -- Sattar, Naveed -- Ford, Ian -- Packard, Chris -- Majumder, Abdullah al Shafi -- Alam, Dewan S -- Di Angelantonio, Emanuele -- Abecasis, Goncalo -- Chowdhury, Rajiv -- Erdmann, Jeanette -- Nordestgaard, Borge G -- Nielsen, Sune F -- Tybjaerg-Hansen, Anne -- Schmidt, Ruth Frikke -- Kuulasmaa, Kari -- Liu, Dajiang J -- Perola, Markus -- Blankenberg, Stefan -- Salomaa, Veikko -- Mannisto, Satu -- Amouyel, Philippe -- Arveiler, Dominique -- Ferrieres, Jean -- Muller-Nurasyid, Martina -- Ferrario, Marco -- Kee, Frank -- Willer, Cristen J -- Samani, Nilesh -- Schunkert, Heribert -- Butterworth, Adam S -- Howson, Joanna M M -- Peloso, Gina M -- Stitziel, Nathan O -- Danesh, John -- Kathiresan, Sekar -- Rader, Daniel J -- CHD Exome+ Consortium -- CARDIoGRAM Exome Consortium -- Global Lipids Genetics Consortium -- R01 DK089256/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL117078/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- TL1 RR024133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- TL1R000138/PHS HHS/ -- TL1RR024133/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 11;351(6278):1166-71. doi: 10.1126/science.aad3517.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France. ; INSERM UMR 1166 ICAN, Universite Pierre et Marie Curie Paris 6, Hopital de la Pitie, Paris, France. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Centre for Non-Communicable Diseases, Karachi, Pakistan. ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Department of Cardiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. The Interuniversity Cardiology Institute of the Netherlands, Utrecht, Netherlands. ; Department of Gerontology and Geriatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands. ; Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. ; Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, British Heart Foundation, Glasgow Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Robertson Center for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK. ; Glasgow Clinical Research Facility, Western Infirmary, Glasgow, UK. ; National Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Sher-e-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ; International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Mohakhali, Dhaka, Bangladesh. ; Center for Statistical Genetics, Department of Biostatistics, University of Michigan School of Public Health, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Institute for Integrative and Experimental Genomics, University of Lubeck, Lubeck 23562, Germany. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark. ; Copenhagen University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen University Hospitals, Copenhagen, Denmark. ; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. ; Department of Public Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA 17033, USA. ; Department of Health, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland. Institute of Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland. ; Department of General and Interventional Cardiology, University Heart Center Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany. University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany. ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Institut Pasteur de Lille, Lille, France. ; Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France. ; Department of Epidemiology, Toulouse University-CHU Toulouse, Toulouse, France. ; Institute of Genetic Epidemiology, Helmholtz Zentrum Munchen-German Research Center for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Department of Medicine I, Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich, Munich, Germany. ; Research Centre in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy. ; UKCRC Centre of Excellence for Public Health, Queens University, Belfast, Northern Ireland. ; Department of Computational Medicine and Bioinformatics, Department of Human Genetics, and Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK. National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Leicester Cardiovascular Biomedical Research Unit, Glenfield Hotel, Leicester, UK. ; Deutsches Herzzentrum Munchen, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany. ; Broad Institute and Center for Human Genetic Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA. ; Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Department of Genetics, and the McDonnell Genome Institute, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA. ; Cardiovascular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute, Genome Campus, Hinxton, UK. ; Departments of Genetics and Medicine, Division of Translational Medicine and Human Genetics, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. rader@mail.med.upenn.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26965621" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Many modern human genomes retain DNA inherited from interbreeding with archaic hominins, such as Neandertals, yet the influence of this admixture on human traits is largely unknown. We analyzed the contribution of common Neandertal variants to over 1000 electronic health record (EHR)-derived phenotypes in ~28,000 adults of European ancestry. We discovered and replicated associations of Neandertal alleles with neurological, psychiatric, immunological, and dermatological phenotypes. Neandertal alleles together explained a significant fraction of the variation in risk for depression and skin lesions resulting from sun exposure (actinic keratosis), and individual Neandertal alleles were significantly associated with specific human phenotypes, including hypercoagulation and tobacco use. Our results establish that archaic admixture influences disease risk in modern humans, provide hypotheses about the effects of hundreds of Neandertal haplotypes, and demonstrate the utility of EHR data in evolutionary analyses.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Simonti, Corinne N -- Vernot, Benjamin -- Bastarache, Lisa -- Bottinger, Erwin -- Carrell, David S -- Chisholm, Rex L -- Crosslin, David R -- Hebbring, Scott J -- Jarvik, Gail P -- Kullo, Iftikhar J -- Li, Rongling -- Pathak, Jyotishman -- Ritchie, Marylyn D -- Roden, Dan M -- Verma, Shefali S -- Tromp, Gerard -- Prato, Jeffrey D -- Bush, William S -- Akey, Joshua M -- Denny, Joshua C -- Capra, John A -- 1K22LM011938/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- 1R01GM114128/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- 5T32EY021453/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM110068/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01LM010685/LM/NLM NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004438/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004608/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004609/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG004610/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006378/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006379/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006380/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006382/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006385/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006388/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG006389/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG008657/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04599/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- U01HG04603/HG/NHGRI NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Feb 12;351(6274):737-41. doi: 10.1126/science.aad2149.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA. ; Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Genetic Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA. ; Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA. Department of Medicine (Medical Genetics), University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, USA. ; Center for Human Genetics, Marshfield Clinic, Marshfield, WI, USA. ; Division of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Division of Genomic Medicine, National Human Genome Research Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA. ; Division of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. Biomedical and Translational Informatics, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Pharmacology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA. ; Weis Center for Research, Geisinger Health System, Danville, PA, USA. Division of Molecular Biology and Human Genetics, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health Science, Stellenbosch University, Tygerberg, South Africa. ; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. ; Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA. Center for Quantitative Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912863" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Several types of pediatric cancers reportedly contain high-frequency missense mutations in histone H3, yet the underlying oncogenic mechanism remains poorly characterized. Here we report that the H3 lysine 36-to-methionine (H3K36M) mutation impairs the differentiation of mesenchymal progenitor cells and generates undifferentiated sarcoma in vivo. H3K36M mutant nucleosomes inhibit the enzymatic activities of several H3K36 methyltransferases. Depleting H3K36 methyltransferases, or expressing an H3K36I mutant that similarly inhibits H3K36 methylation, is sufficient to phenocopy the H3K36M mutation. After the loss of H3K36 methylation, a genome-wide gain in H3K27 methylation leads to a redistribution of polycomb repressive complex 1 and de-repression of its target genes known to block mesenchymal differentiation. Our findings are mirrored in human undifferentiated sarcomas in which novel K36M/I mutations in H3.1 are identified.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lu, Chao -- Jain, Siddhant U -- Hoelper, Dominik -- Bechet, Denise -- Molden, Rosalynn C -- Ran, Leili -- Murphy, Devan -- Venneti, Sriram -- Hameed, Meera -- Pawel, Bruce R -- Wunder, Jay S -- Dickson, Brendan C -- Lundgren, Stefan M -- Jani, Krupa S -- De Jay, Nicolas -- Papillon-Cavanagh, Simon -- Andrulis, Irene L -- Sawyer, Sarah L -- Grynspan, David -- Turcotte, Robert E -- Nadaf, Javad -- Fahiminiyah, Somayyeh -- Muir, Tom W -- Majewski, Jacek -- Thompson, Craig B -- Chi, Ping -- Garcia, Benjamin A -- Allis, C David -- Jabado, Nada -- Lewis, Peter W -- DP2CA174499/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- DP2OD007447/OD/NIH HHS/ -- K08CA151660/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- K08CA181475/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P01CA196539/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- P30CA008748/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- R01GM110174/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Canadian Institutes of Health Research/Canada -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 May 13;352(6287):844-9. doi: 10.1126/science.aac7272.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Epigenetics Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. ; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada. ; Epigenetics Program and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Pathology, University of Michigan Medical School, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USA. ; Department of Pathology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; University Musculoskeletal Oncology Unit, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Surgical Oncology and Division of Orthopedic Surgery, Princess Margaret Hospital, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5T 2M9, Canada. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A8, Canada. The Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute, Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario M5G 1X5, Canada. ; Department of Medical Genetics and Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada. ; Division of Orthopaedic Surgery, Montreal General Hospital, McGill University Health Centre, Montreal, Quebec H3G 1A4, Canada. ; Cancer Biology and Genetics Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program and Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY 10065, USA. Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10065, USA. ; Epigenetics Program and Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. ; Laboratory of Chromatin Biology and Epigenetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY 10065, USA. plewis@discovery.wisc.edu nada.jabado@mcgill.ca alliscd@rockefeller.edu. ; Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada. Department of Pediatrics, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec H3Z 2Z3, Canada. plewis@discovery.wisc.edu nada.jabado@mcgill.ca alliscd@rockefeller.edu. ; Epigenetics Theme, Wisconsin Institute for Discovery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53715, USA. plewis@discovery.wisc.edu nada.jabado@mcgill.ca alliscd@rockefeller.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/27174990" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: The New Horizons mission has provided resolved measurements of Pluto's moons Styx, Nix, Kerberos, and Hydra. All four are small, with equivalent spherical diameters of ~40 kilometers for Nix and Hydra and ~10 kilometers for Styx and Kerberos. They are also highly elongated, with maximum to minimum axis ratios of ~2. All four moons have high albedos (~50 to 90%) suggestive of a water-ice surface composition. Crater densities on Nix and Hydra imply surface ages of at least 4 billion years. The small moons rotate much faster than synchronous, with rotational poles clustered nearly orthogonal to the common pole directions of Pluto and Charon. These results reinforce the hypothesis that the small moons formed in the aftermath of a collision that produced the Pluto-Charon binary.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Weaver, H A -- Buie, M W -- Buratti, B J -- Grundy, W M -- Lauer, T R -- Olkin, C B -- Parker, A H -- Porter, S B -- Showalter, M R -- Spencer, J R -- Stern, S A -- Verbiscer, A J -- McKinnon, W B -- Moore, J M -- Robbins, S J -- Schenk, P -- Singer, K N -- Barnouin, O S -- Cheng, A F -- Ernst, C M -- Lisse, C M -- Jennings, D E -- Lunsford, A W -- Reuter, D C -- Hamilton, D P -- Kaufmann, D E -- Ennico, K -- Young, L A -- Beyer, R A -- Binzel, R P -- Bray, V J -- Chaikin, A L -- Cook, J C -- Cruikshank, D P -- Dalle Ore, C M -- Earle, A M -- Gladstone, G R -- Howett, C J A -- Linscott, I R -- Nimmo, F -- Parker, J Wm -- Philippe, S -- Protopapa, S -- Reitsema, H J -- Schmitt, B -- Stryk, T -- Summers, M E -- Tsang, C C C -- Throop, H H B -- White, O L -- Zangari, A M -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 18;351(6279):aae0030. doi: 10.1126/science.aae0030.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. hal.weaver@jhuapl.edu. ; Southwest Research Institute, Boulder, CO 80302, USA. ; NASA Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA. ; Lowell Observatory, Flagstaff, AZ 86001, USA. ; National Optical Astronomy Observatory, Tucson, AZ 26732, USA. ; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. ; Department of Astronomy, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA. ; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63130, USA. ; Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ; Lunar and Planetary Institute, Houston, TX 77058, USA. ; Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, Laurel, MD 20723, USA. ; NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD 20771, USA. ; Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA. ; SETI Institute, Mountain View, CA 94043, USA. Space Science Division, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, CA 94035, USA. ; Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA. ; University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721, USA. ; Independent science writer, Arlington, VT, USA. ; Southwest Research Institute, San Antonio, TX 78238, USA. ; Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA. ; University of California, Santa Cruz, CA 95064, USA. ; Universite Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, IPAG, F-38000 Grenoble, France. ; Roane State Community College, Oak Ridge, TN 37830, USA. ; George Mason University, Fairfax, VA 22030, USA. ; Planetary Science Institute, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26989256" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Beschreibung: Antibodies targeting the Ebola virus surface glycoprotein (EBOV GP) are implicated in protection against lethal disease, but the characteristics of the human antibody response to EBOV GP remain poorly understood. We isolated and characterized 349 GP-specific monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) from the peripheral B cells of a convalescent donor who survived the 2014 EBOV Zaire outbreak. Remarkably, 77% of the mAbs neutralize live EBOV, and several mAbs exhibit unprecedented potency. Structures of selected mAbs in complex with GP reveal a site of vulnerability located in the GP stalk region proximal to the viral membrane. Neutralizing antibodies targeting this site show potent therapeutic efficacy against lethal EBOV challenge in mice. The results provide a framework for the design of new EBOV vaccine candidates and immunotherapies.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Bornholdt, Zachary A -- Turner, Hannah L -- Murin, Charles D -- Li, Wen -- Sok, Devin -- Souders, Colby A -- Piper, Ashley E -- Goff, Arthur -- Shamblin, Joshua D -- Wollen, Suzanne E -- Sprague, Thomas R -- Fusco, Marnie L -- Pommert, Kathleen B J -- Cavacini, Lisa A -- Smith, Heidi L -- Klempner, Mark -- Reimann, Keith A -- Krauland, Eric -- Gerngross, Tillman U -- Wittrup, Karl D -- Saphire, Erica Ollmann -- Burton, Dennis R -- Glass, Pamela J -- Ward, Andrew B -- Walker, Laura M -- R01AI067927/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- U19AI109762/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- UM1AI100663/AI/NIAID NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2016 Mar 4;351(6277):1078-83. doi: 10.1126/science.aad5788. Epub 2016 Feb 18.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Department of Integrative Structural and Computational Biology, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. ; Adimab, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA. ; MassBiologics, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Boston, MA 02126, USA. ; U.S. Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Frederick, MD 21702, USA. ; Department of Immunology and Microbial Science, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA. Ragon Institute of Massachusetts General Hospital, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/26912366" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉