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  • Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration  (68)
  • INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
  • Life and Medical Sciences
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • 2015-2019  (68)
  • 2015  (68)
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  • 2015-2019  (68)
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  • 1
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    Fluorine and Lithium at the Kimberley Outcrop, Gale Crater (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: ChemCam is an active remote sensing instrument which has operated successfully on MSL since landing in August, 2012. Its laser pulses remove dust and to profile through weathering coatings of rocks up to 7 m away. Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS) produces emission spectra of materials ablated from the samples in electronically excited states. As the plasma cools, elements can recombine and molecular emission lines are observed. Recent experiments have shown that some of these molecular emissions can be much brighter than the associated atomic lines, especially when halo-gens and rare earth elements are present. We observed these molecular emissions in some of the ChemCam spectra and report the first detection of chlorine and fluorine with ChemCam. It is also the first time ever that fluorine has been detected on the surface of Mars. Among all the F-bearing observations, one third are observed in the Kimberley outcrop. We will dis-cuss the potential mineralogies related to these observations as well as the related elemental correlations and propose interpretations.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-33045 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 16, 2015 - Mar 20, 2015; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 2
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    Overview of a New NASA Activity Focused on Planetary Defense (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has initiated a new Planetary Defense research activity, led by the NASA Ames Research Center. The objective of the effort is to provide tools for reliably assessing the impact damage that Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) could inflict on the Earth. This research will support decisions regarding appropriate mitigation action in the event that an impact threat is discovered. The activity includes four interrelated tasks: PHA characterization, physics-based simulations of atmospheric entry breakup, simulations of surface damage due to airbursts, land impacts, or tsunamis, and an integrated assessment of the overall risks posed by potential PHA strikes. This paper outlines the objectives, research approaches, products, and interrelations of the activity's four tasks, and presents an overview of their current progress and preliminary results. Companion papers in this conference provide additional details of the work in the four task areas.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN22201-2 , IAA Planetary Defense Conference; Apr 13, 2015 - Apr 17, 2015; Frascati; Italy
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  • 3
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    Overview of a New NASA Activity Focused on Planetary Defense (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-20
    Description: The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) has initiated a new Planetary Defense research activity, led by the NASA Ames Research Center. The objective of the effort is to provide tools for reliably assessing the impact damage that Potentially Hazardous Asteroids (PHAs) could inflict on the Earth. This research will support decisions regarding appropriate mitigation action in the event that an impact threat is discovered. The activity includes four interrelated tasks: PHA characterization, physics-based simulations of atmospheric entry/breakup, simulations of surface damage due to airbursts, land impacts, or tsunamis, and an integrated assessment of the overall risks posed by potential PHA strikes. This paper outlines the objectives, research approaches, products, and interrelations of the activitys four tasks, and presents an overview of their current progress and preliminary results. Companion papers in this conference provide additional details of the work in the four task areas.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN22201-1 , IAA Planetary Defense Conference; Apr 13, 2015 - Apr 17, 2015; Frascati, Roma; Italy
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  • 4
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    Agglutinates in Howardite NWA 1769: Space Weathering on Vesta (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-08-13
    Description: No abstract available
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-32778 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; 16ý20 Mar. 2015; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 5
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    Surface Exposure Ages of Space-Weathered Grains from Asteroid 25143 Itokawa (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: We use the observed effects of solar wind ion irradiation and the accumulation of solar flare particle tracks recorded in Itokawa grains to constrain the rates of space weathering and yield information about regolith dynamics. The track densities are consistent with exposure at mm depths for 104-105 years. The solar wind damaged rims form on a much faster timescale, 〈10(exp 3) years.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-33593 , European Planetary Science Congress 2015; Sep 27, 2015 - Oct 02, 2015; Nantes; France
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  • 6
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    Surface Exposure Ages of Space-Weathered Grains from Asteroid 25143 Itokawa (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Space weathering processes such as solar wind ion irradiation and micrometeorite impacts are widely known to alter the properties of regolith materials exposed on airless bodies. The rates of space weathering processes however, are poorly constrained for asteroid regoliths, with recent estimates ranging over many orders of magnitude. The return of surface samples by JAXA's Hayabusa mission to asteroid 25143 Itokawa, and their laboratory analysis provides "ground truth" to anchor the timescales for space weathering processes on airless bodies.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-34416 , Space Weathering of Airless Bodies: An Integration of Remote Sensing Data, Laboratory Experiments and Sample Analysis Workshop; Nov 02, 2015 - Nov 04, 2015; Houston, TX; United States
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  • 7
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    Major Volatiles from MSL SAM Evolved Gas Analyses: Yellowknife Bay Through Lower Mount Sharp (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Sample Analysis at Mars (SAM) and Chemistry and Mineralogy (CheMin) instruments on the Mars Science Laboratory (MSL) analysed several subsamples of 〈150 m fines from five sites at Gale Crater. Three were in Yellowknife Bay: the Rocknest aeolian bedform ("RN") and drilled Sheepbed mudstone from sites John Klein ("JK") and Cumberland ("CB"). One was drilled from the Windjana ("WJ") site on a sandstone of the Kimberly formation investigated on route to Mount Sharp. Another was drilled from the Confidence Hills ("CH") site on a sandstone of the Murray Formation at the base of Mt. Sharp (Pahrump Hills). Outcrops are sedimentary rocks that are largely of fluvial or lacustrine origin, with minor aeolian deposits.. SAM's evolved gas analysis (EGA) mass spectrometry detected H2O, CO2, O2, H2, SO2, H2S, HCl, NO, and other trace gases, including organic fragments. The identity and evolution temperature (T) of evolved gases can support CheMin mineral detection and place constraints on trace volatile-bearing phases or phases difficult to characterize with XRD (e.g., X-ray amorphous phases). They can also give constraints on sample organic chemistry. Here, we discuss trends in major evolved volatiles from SAM EGA analyses to date.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-32774 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 16, 2015 - Mar 20, 2015; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 8
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    Diagenetic Crystal Clusters and Dendrites, Lower Mount Sharp, Gale Crater (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Since approximately Sol 753 (to sol 840+) the Mars Science Laboratory Curiosity rover has been investigating the Pahrump locality. Mapping of HiRise images suggests that the Pahrup locality represents the first occurrence of strata associated with basal Mount Sharp. Considerable efforts have been made to document the Pahrump locality in detail, in order to constrain both depositional and diagenetic facies. The Pahrump succession consists of approximately 13 meters of recessive-weathering mudstone interbedded with thin (decimeter-scale) intervals of more erosionally resistant mudstone, and crossbedded sandstone in the upper stratigraphic levels. Mudstone textures vary from massive, to poorly laminated, to well-laminated. Here we investigate the distribution and structure of unusual diagenetic features that occur in the lowermost portion of the Pahrump section. These diagenetic features consist of three dimensional crystal clusters and dendrites that are erosionally resistant with respect to the host rock.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-32770 , Lunar and Planetary Science Conference; Mar 16, 2015 - Mar 20, 2015; The Woodlands, TX; United States
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  • 9
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    V Xanes in Spinels as an Oxy-Barometer in Meteorites with Implications for Redox Variations in the Inner Solar System (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The variation of oxygen fugacity within inner solar system materials spans a range of nearly 15 orders of magnitude. Igneous and metamorphic rocks commonly contain a mineral assemblage that allows oxygen fugacity to be calculated or con-strained such as FeTi oxides, olivine-opx-spinel, or some other oxy-barometer. Some rocks, however, contain a limited mineral assemblage and do not provide constraints on fO2 using mineral equilibria. Good examples of the latter are orthopyroxenites or dunites, such as diogenites, ALH 84001, chassignites, or brachinites. In fact it is no surprise that the fO2 of many of these achondrites is not well known, other than being "reduced" and below the metal saturation value. In order to bridge this gap in our understanding, we have initiated a study of V in chromites in achondrite. Because the V pre-edge peak intensity and energy in chromites varies with fO2, and this has been calibrated over a large fO2 range, we can apply this relation to rocks for which we otherwise have no fO2 constraints.
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: JSC-CN-34427 , Symposium on Antarctic Meteorites; Nov 16, 2015 - Nov 17, 2015; Tachikawa, Tokyo; Japan
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  • 10
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    Overview of NASA FINESSE (Field Investigations to Enable Solar System Science and Exploration) Science and Exploration Results (2015)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-19
    Description: NASA's FINESSE (Field Investigations to Enable Solar System Science and Exploration) project is focused on a science and exploration field-based research program to generate strategic knowledge in preparation for human and robotic exploration of other planetary bodies including our moon, Mars' moons Phobos and Deimos, and near-Earth asteroids. Scientific study focuses on planetary volcanism (e.g., the formation of volcanoes, evolution of magma chambers and the formation of multiple lava flow types, as well as the evolution and entrapment of volatile chemicals) and impact cratering (impact rock modification, cratering mechanics, and the chronologic record). FINESSE conducts multiple terrestrial field campaigns (Craters of the Moon National Monument and Preserve in Idaho for volcanics, and West Clearwater Impact Structure in Canada for impact studies) to study such features as analogs relevant to our moon, Phobos, Deimos, and asteroids. Here we present the science and exploration results from two deployments to Idaho (2014, 2015) and our first deployment to Canada (2014). FINESSE was selected as a research team by NASA's Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute (SSERVI). SSERVI is a joint effort by NASA's Science Mission Directorate (SMD) and Human Exploration and Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD).
    Keywords: Lunar and Planetary Science and Exploration
    Type: ARC-E-DAA-TN27671 , AGU Fall Meeting; Dec 14, 2015 - Dec 18, 2015; San Francisco, CA; United States
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