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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two Bacillus sphaericus binary toxins share the midgut receptor binding site: implications for resistance of Culex pipiens complex (Diptera: Culicidae) larvae (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 241 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: This work demonstrates that Bin1 and Bin2 toxins, produced by Bacillus sphaericus strains IAB59 and 2362, respectively, share a binding site in midgut brush border membranes (BBMF) from Culex pipiens complex larvae. However, a colony selected with strain IAB59, displaying a resistance ratio of only 42-fold to IAB59, but a 162,000-fold resistance to strain 2362, was found to miss receptors for Bin2 in the BBMF. This correlates with results showing that Bin1, produced in strain IAB59, failed to bind specifically to BBMF from other colony highly resistant to strain 2362. Data indicate the loss of the BBMF bound receptor as a general mechanism of resistance to binary toxins in mosquito.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.femsle.2004.10.018
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effectiveness of Onboard Application of 4-Hexylresorcinol in Inhibiting Melanosis in Shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Inhibition of melanosis in shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) captured at different times of year and treated with different 4-hexylresorcinol-based formulations onboard ship was studied. Melanosis inhibition increased with inhibitor concentration. The 4-hexylresorcinol proved effective at extending shelf life over that of untreated shrimp at all the concentrations tested. Combining the inhibitor with citric acid, ascorbic acid, and acetic acid did not increase the extent of melanosis inhibition but did noticeably improve shrimp appearance. Adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium pyrophosphate to the formulation enhanced melanosis inhibition at all times of year. Spray application of the inhibitor formulation extended shelf life compared with dipping and dusting, but dusting resulted in the lowest melanosis levels for a given formulation composition and concentration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09913.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphological Changes in Autolytic Wine Yeast during Aging in Two Model Systems (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Morphological changes produced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae IFI473 and 2 autolytic mutants derived from it (M1 and M2 mutants) were studied during yeast aging in 2 model systems (rich medium and model wine). Different conditions affecting autolysis, including temperature, culture media, nitrogen starvation, or phenyl-methylsulfonylfluoride addition, were analyzed. In rich medium, morphological changes mainly consisted in variation of cell size, presence of autophagic bodies inside the cytoplasm, detachment of the cytoplasm from the cell wall, spore formation, and loss of cytoplasmic material. Morphological changes were greater for mutant M2 than for the rest of the strains studied. In the wine medium, a decrease in cell size was the most relevant feature and the morphological changes observed were similar for all strains. Results obtained show morphological differences between autophagy and autolysis suggesting that yeast cells with accelerated autolysis could also present accelerated autophagy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.2004.tb09893.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The C-terminal antibody binding domain of Candida albicans mp58 represents a protective epitope during candidiasis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 232 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The 58-kDa surface mannoprotein of Candida albicans (mp58) elicits strong antibody responses during infection. Epitope mapping with sera from patients with candidiasis and control individuals indicated the presence of multiple IgG-reactive continuous epitopes on the protein, expanding both the amino- and carboxy-terminal domains and several internal regions. These immunoreactive regions were similar to the ones previously identified using sera from immunized animals. Two of the epitopic regions (including the C-terminal domain) showed increased reactivity with antibodies present in sera from patients with candidiasis as compared to control individuals. Patients who survived the infection displayed increased antibody reactivity towards the C-terminal epitope as compared to those succumbing to candidiasis. A monoclonal antibody directed towards this epitopic region conferred protection in serum therapy experiments in a murine model of hematogenously disseminated candidiasis. Together, these observations indicate the carboxy-terminal antibody binding domain of C. albicans mp58 represents a protective epitope during candidiasis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0378-1097(04)00042-4
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of Vatairea macrocarca and Rhizobium tropici: net H+ efflux stimulus and alteration of extracellular Na+ concentration (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 238 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We studied the effect of a lectin isolated from seeds of the legume Vatairea macrocarpa on net H+ efflux in Rhizobium tropici, a bacterium capable of nodulating legume Phaseolus vulgaris. V. macrocarpa lectin (VML) was observed to temporarily stimulate the specific net H+ efflux in R. tropici. When VML was present at 32 μg ml−1, with or without 2 μM galactose (Gal), a specific net efflux 〉2.4 pM H+(min)−1 mg dry biomass−1 was induced. There was no detectable net H+ efflux when bovine serum albumin (16 μg ml−1) was tested. Addition of 16 μg VML ml−1 resulted in a 700% increase of the extracellular Na+ concentration. The soluble proteins in the supernatant containing VML extract indicate a maximum immobilization of ±10 μg VML ml−1, with a minimum of 36,600 dimers or 8500 larger aggregates of VML binding in each bacterium. Our data suggest that VML activates Rhizobium as a bioenergetic substrate molecule, resulting in potential alterations of the external bacterial membrane.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09731.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Molecular typing and phylogenetic analysis of enteroinvasive Escherichia coli using the fliC gene sequence (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 235 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Non-motile enteroinvasive Escherichia coli (EIEC) is serotyped based only on O antigen polymorphism, since H antigen epitopes, present on the flagellins, cannot be characterised in these bacteria. In this study, we demonstrate the presence of the flagellin-coding fliC gene in non-motile EIEC strains. Moreover, we were able to group the 11 most common non-motile EIEC serotypes into six different RFLP patterns of the fliC gene. Amplicons representing each RFLP pattern were sequenced. Sequencing data were used to construct a phylogenetic tree which showed two main clusters: one sharing similarity with Shigella dysenteriae and pathogenic E. coli, and the other being closer to non-pathogenic E. coli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09597.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of bacterial diversity in Pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic fermented beverage, as determined by 16S rDNA analysis (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 235 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The bacterial diversity in pulque, a traditional Mexican alcoholic fermented beverage, was studied in 16S rDNA clone libraries from three pulque samples. Sequenced clones identified as Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus strain ASF360, L. kefir, L. acetotolerans, L. hilgardii, L. plantarum, Leuconostoc pseudomesenteroides, Microbacterium arborescens, Flavobacterium johnsoniae, Acetobacter pomorium, Gluconobacter oxydans, and Hafnia alvei, were detected for the first time in pulque. Identity of 16S rDNA sequenced clones showed that bacterial diversity present among pulque samples is dominated by Lactobacillus species (80.97%). Seventy-eight clones exhibited less than 95% of relatedness to NCBI database sequences, which may indicate the presence of new species in pulque samples.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.2004.tb09599.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Residual effects of pig slurry applied to a Mediterranean soil on yield and N uptake of a subsequent wheat crop (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. In areas of intensive pig farming, fresh pig slurry is often applied annually to the same fields. Thus, to avoid nitrogen (N) losses correct fertilizer practice should take account of residual effects of slurry on the following crops. The residual effects of different rates of slurry applied during three years were evaluated in subsequent wheat crops. The experiment was conducted on an irrigated Mediterranean Typic Xerofluvent soil, where plots were left unfertilized or fertilized with 150 kg N ha−1 as ammonium nitrate. Grain yield and grain N uptake increased with slurry rates in both fertilized and unfertilized treatments. The increases in the unfertilized treatments were interpreted as a nitrogen effect of the previous 1996–98 slurry applications. The equivalent mineral N released from the pig slurry was underestimated by two existing decay-series approaches. Although decay-series are useful tools for estimating manure residual effects they should be adjusted for local conditions. A significant positive relationship was detected between apparent N use efficiency of the slurry and the total amount of applied organic N, which was interpreted as a specific residual effect rather than due to the N dose of previously applied pig slurry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00351.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dissolved reactive phosphorus in a Calcaric Fluvisol as affected by the addition of agricultural wastes (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. Land application of organic wastes can result in the accumulation of available soil phosphorus (P) and in an increase risk of eutrophication of surface and shallow groundwaters. We conducted laboratory experiments to examine the effect of waste application on the concentration of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) in 1:5 soil to 0.005 m CaCl2 suspensions. Ten organic wastes, of which eight were mature composts, were applied to a P-rich Calcaric Fluvisol at rates ranging from 0 to 10% of soil by weight, and the difference in DRP concentration between suspensions containing waste and the untreated control (ΔDRP) was measured over a period of 300 days. In half of the suspensions of each waste–soil combination, 80 mg P (as KH2PO4) kg−1 soil was applied at day 14. Values of ΔDRP were generally positive, but a significant number of negative values were also recorded for some wastes and application rates, particularly at later sampling times if inorganic P had been added. Regression analyses revealed that ΔDRP (i) increased with increasing soluble reactive P at all times and (ii) increased in the short term, but decreased in the long term with increasing water soluble organic carbon in the waste. The fact that ΔDRP was sometimes negative for some waste types suggests that application of organic waste to soil does not necessarily increase eutrophication risks caused by soil P losses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00339.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Ultrastructure of the Cyst Wall of Giardia lamblia (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: . Giardiasis is the most common human protozoal infection. In then: cystic phase, giardias are protected from the environment by a filamentous cyst wall made up of carbohydrates, proteins, and by two outer membranes separated from the plasma membrane of the parasite by a peripheral space. The present transmission electron microscope observations of G. lamblia cysts of human origin suggest that the extracellular peritrophic space originates from the growth, elongation, and fusion of large cytoplasmic vacuoles. As the large clear vacuoles grew in size, flattening against the inner face of the plasma membrane, they formed a single vacuole that surrounded the body of the parasite, eventually forming two outer membranes. In mature Giardia cysts, the original plasma membrane of the trophozoite becomes the outermost membrane of the cyst wall (CM1). The large vacuoles form a second membrane surrounding the cyst (CM2), and also form a third membrane (CM3), that becomes the new plasma membrane of the trophozoite. During excystation CM1 and CM2 attach to each other and fragment, leaving abundant membrane residues in the peritrophic space. Knowledge of the biochemical composition and functional properties of the complex outer membranous system of G. lamblia cysts here described will be of use to understand the survival of Giardia cysts in the environment, a major factor responsible for the high prevalence of giardiasis worldwide.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.2004.tb00549.x
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