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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Viscoelastic changes during thermal gelation of squid (Loligo vulgaris) muscle with protease inhibitors were studied, in order to evaluate the contribution of different proteinases to gel degradation. Calcium chloride was also tested as enzyme activator. A minimum in elastic modulus without inhibitors was achieved at 38 to 40°C. Although denaturation temperature was around 55°C, pronounced melting of connective tissue started at 40°C. Proteolysis occurred between 25 and 75°C, with maximum at 40 to 45°C. Addition of PMSF led to highest values of G’. The strong inhibition of autolytic activity by PMSF confirmed the predominance of serine proteases. Addition of CaCl2 favored thermal protein aggregation from 40°C upwards.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 69 (2004), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Inhibition of melanosis in shrimp (Parapenaeus longirostris) captured at different times of year and treated with different 4-hexylresorcinol-based formulations onboard ship was studied. Melanosis inhibition increased with inhibitor concentration. The 4-hexylresorcinol proved effective at extending shelf life over that of untreated shrimp at all the concentrations tested. Combining the inhibitor with citric acid, ascorbic acid, and acetic acid did not increase the extent of melanosis inhibition but did noticeably improve shrimp appearance. Adding ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and sodium pyrophosphate to the formulation enhanced melanosis inhibition at all times of year. Spray application of the inhibitor formulation extended shelf life compared with dipping and dusting, but dusting resulted in the lowest melanosis levels for a given formulation composition and concentration.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various procedures for extracting collagen and/or gelatin from megrim skins were compared on the basis of gelatin functional properties. It was possible to prepare a dry powder of soluble collagen with good viscoelastic and gelling properties, which can be converted into gelatin by dissolving at temperatures above 45 °C. Physical properties of gelatins are influenced more by extracting conditions than by imino acid composition. A high-quality, readily-dissolved gelatin was obtained from megrim skins using a pretreatment of the skins with NaCl and dilute NaOH, then swelling with 0.05 M acetic acid followed by an extraction step in water at 45 °C.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Samples were subjected to continuous and step-pulsed pressurization, in both cases at 7 and 40 °C. There was a reduction of microbial flora (total viable count and lactic bacteria) after pressurization and during storage at 2.5 to 3.0 °C, chiefly in the lot pressurized by step-pulse at 400 MPa, 40 °C. Pressure-induced modification of the microbial flora resulted in a lower level of nitrogenous compounds. Pressurization reduced autolytic activity, but shear strength values remained stable throughout storage. There was less drip loss in the pressurized lots at 7 °C that at 40 °C, and the WHC values decreased during storage. Shelf life of the pressurized octopus overall was 43 d longer than unpressurized.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 67 (2002), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : The proteolytic activity of octopus arm muscle exhibited optimum activity at 40°C and 60°C, at optimum pH 2.5 and 4.0, respectively. The proteinases were inhibited strongly by cysteine- and aspartic-proteinase inhibitors and, to a lesser degree, by serine-proteinase inhibitors at 40°C, and by cysteine-proteinase inhibitors at 60°C. High pressure did not modify the temperature and pH autolytic activity profiles. The autolytic activity at 40°C was reduced by high pressure; however, it was increased at an incubation temperature of 60°C, mainly in muscle pressurized at 7°C. Aspartic-proteinase was the most sensitive to high pressure. The autolysis of myofibrillar proteins was reduced by high pressure, which was evident in MHC band.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Light-colored, dry collagen was obtained and, after dissolving in warm water, turned into soluble gelatin. The type of acid used influenced the gelatin viscoelastic and gelling properties. Acetic- and propionic-acid extracts produced the gelatins with the highest elastic modulus, viscous modulus, melting temperature, and gel strength, especially when skins were previously treated with dilute NaOH. After such treatment, lactic acid was also shown to be suitable for collagen or gelatin extraction. The lowest degree of turbidity was achieved by using citric acid, whereas propionic acid led to the most turbid gelatin. No improvements of rheological properties were observed when acid concentration for extraction was increased above 0.05 M.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 65 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Various biological characteristics influencing the quality of farmed salmon and smoked muscle were studied. No great differences in proximate composition were observed among raw fish. Stress produced a slight decrease in protein solubility at 0.8 M NaCl and also slight variations in electrophoretic profile. This was accompanied by a certain degree of muscle softening. Thirty-days starvation produced slight depletion of the sarcoplasmic fraction, collagen insolubilization, and muscle hardening. The effect of triploidy was more evident in sea-caged fish, resulting in lower protein solubility at 0.05M NaCl and lower insoluble collagen than diploids. After smoking, protein solubility at 0.8M NaCl was highest in stressed fish, and non-starved fish collagen became insolubilized.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 62 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Response surface methodology was used to determine how interactions of pressure (150–500 MPa), time (10–30 min) and temperature (0–75°C) affected gelling of sardine washed mince (2.5% NaCl) as compared with conventional heat processing at atmospheric pressure. The best conditions for optimum rheological parameters were pressure around 300 MPa, chilled temperature (〈 10°C) and short processing times (10 min). Pressurizing considerably improved the rheological values of a mince which exhibited low gel-forming ability under conventional heat treatment.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 66 (2001), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Mixtures of κ-carrageenan plus other hydrocolloids (locust bean, guar, xanthan, iota-carrageenan, sodium carboxymethylcellulose, and sodium alginate) were examined for their effects on the mechanical and water holding properties of heat-induced gels made from washed blue whiting mince. Gel structure and thermal behavior were also studied. No synergistic effect was detectable through functional properties except for the mixture of κ-carrageenan with locust bean gum. Light microscopy revealed that κ-carrageenan and xanthan mixed locally with locust bean at its rich domains. κ-carrageenan and xanthan presented interactions with the protein matrix, which were more discernible in the first case. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) revealed faint interactions for the mixtures of κ-carrageenan with locust bean and with xanthan, and weakly synergistic gelling effects between the last two hydrocolloids. The blend of κ-carrageenan with sodium alginate exhibited thermally strong synergistic interactions but no particular effects were induced on corresponding functional properties.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 68 (2003), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: : Ocean-ranched and farm-reared Atlantic salmon were compared on the basis of compositional and functional/mechanical properties of the raw and the corresponding smoked muscle. Several procedures based on different salting methods (brine and dry salting) and smoking temperature (20 °C and 30 °C) were tested, as well as an electrostatic smoking method. Also, raw material samples were studied without and with frozen storage (-20 °C) for 30 d prior to salting/smoking, and the effect of frozen storage on the smoked muscle was evaluated. The electrostatic method induced considerably lower shear force values than the other smoking treatments. Ocean-ranched salmon were more susceptible to protein aggregation and loss of binding properties (water and fat) than farmed fish as a consequence of frozen storage of the raw material or smoking treatment.
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