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  • 1
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0141-1136
    Digitale ISSN: 1879-0291
    Thema: Biologie , Energietechnik , Geologie und Paläontologie
    Publiziert von Elsevier
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Publikationsdatum: 2000-02-03
    Print ISSN: 0953-8984
    Digitale ISSN: 1361-648X
    Thema: Physik
    Publiziert von Institute of Physics
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 88 (2000), S. 2081-2091 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Schottky barrier photovoltaic detectors have been fabricated on n-AlxGa1−xN(0≤x≤0.35) and p-GaN epitaxial layers grown on sapphire. Their characteristics have been analyzed and modeled, in order to determine the physical mechanisms that limit their performance. The influence of material properties on device parameters is discussed. Our analysis considers front and back illumination and distinguishes between devices fabricated on ideal high-quality material and state-of-the-art heteroepitaxial AlxGa1−xN. In the former case, low doping levels are advisable to achieve high responsivity and a sharp spectral cutoff. The epitaxial layer should be thin (〈0.5 μm) to optimize the ultraviolet/visible contrast. In present devices fabricated on heteroepitaxial AlxGa1−xN, the responsivity is limited by the diffusion length. In this case, thick AlxGa1−xN layers are advisable, because the reduction in the dislocation density results in lower leakage currents, larger diffusion length, and higher responsivity. In order to improve bandwidth and responsivity, and to achieve good ohmic contacts, a moderate n-type doping level (∼1018 cm−3) is recommended. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 6250-6252 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The relaxation of the initial permeability has been measured in polycrystalline Ti-doped Ba–W hexaferrites with nominal composition BaTixFe18−xO27, with x ranging among x=0 and 0.3. The samples have been sintered at different temperatures in the 1250 °C〈T〈1350 °C range in a reducing CO2 atmosphere and rapidly quenched to promote the presence of crystal vacancies. X-ray diffraction spectra reveal the presence of hexaferrite as main phase. In the temperature range between 80 and 500 K, the time decay of the initial permeability after sample demagnetization has been plotted by means of isochronal curves. The isochronal disaccommodation spectra show an increase in the amplitude of the different disaccommodation peaks in substituted samples regarding pure Ba–W hexaferrites. These peaks are centered at 180, 300, and 380 K and they are related to the presence of both ferrous cations and lattice vacancies. The increase of the disaccommodation maxima in Ti-substituted hexaferrites is ascribed to the additional amount of ferrous cations induced by the presence of Ti cations, in order to maintain electrical neutrality. On the other hand, the isochronal spectrum in pure Ba–W shows another relaxation peak at 240 K which almost disappears in substituted hexaferrites, even with the lowest Ti doping analyzed. This behavior is explained in terms of the increasing hindrance to the mechanisms responsible for this ionic relaxation process, owing to the site occupation by the nonmagnetic Ti cations within the hexagonal structure. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 4916-4922 
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: Parametric decays of a linearly polarized electromagnetic wave in an electron–positron plasma, including weakly relativistic effects and damping on the electro-acoustic pseudomodes, are studied. The effect of nondissipative Landau damping is simulated through a phenomenological collisional-like term in the fluid equations. It is shown that in general, there are a number of instabilities due to the coupling between electro-acoustic and electromagnetic pseudomodes, and between electromagnetic modes. On the other hand, damping effects reduce the growth rate of these instabilities and increase the instability range. It is also shown that there are no threshold effects on any of the decay modes. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1569-1571 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: GaN:Mg/AlGaN single-heterojunction light-emitting diodes were grown on Si(111) substrates by plasma-assisted molecular-beam epitaxy. High-quality Mg-doped GaN layers with hole concentrations up to 1.2×1017 holes/cm3 and intense low-temperature photoluminescence, which increases in annealed samples, were obtained. Smooth AlGaN layers, with surface roughness below 5 nm, were used as buffer layers. Continuous-wave room-temperature ultraviolet electroluminescence was observed at 365 nm with a full width at half maximum of 8 nm. An estimated optical power output of 1.5 μW was achieved under 15 V/35 mA operation. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 71 (2000), S. 3587-3594 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik , Elektrotechnik, Elektronik, Nachrichtentechnik
    Notizen: This article describes the development of a piezoelectric force transducer specially designed to measure the fluctuating drag force experienced by a discontinuous micro fiber immersed in a turbulent airflow. The newly designed measurement tool possesses a fundamental frequency of approximately 940 Hz with a resolution of 10−4 N. A correlation for the friction drag coefficient as a function of the Reynolds number was found. This equation is of similar form but with differing slope and intercept to that previously published for continuous fibers. Although the driving frequency of the flow system was underestimated, resulting in limited utility of the instrument to the fine scale forces imposed on micro fibers, the sensor provided a necessary measurement of average drag forces. It may also be a useful tool for measuring small forces with lower frequency excitation than observed among the micro fibers exposed to a turbulent air stream. This study represents a first attempt at measuring dynamic drag forces on discontinuous micro fibers. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 4822-4824 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: A giant magnetoimpedance effect (GMI) has been measured in a CuBe 0.1 mm diameter wire, electroplated with a Co6Fe20Ni74 layer 1 μm thick. Heat treatments after the electrodeposition were performed under the dc or ac field. The GMI has been measured in the frequency range 0.25 to 9 MHz, using ac driving current from 5 to 35 mA. The maximum GMI ratio depends strongly on the heat treatments, the intensity and the frequency of the driving current, reaching the value of 165% for optimal conditions. Results are discussed, taking into account the anisotropy distribution in the magnetic layer induced by the heat treatments under the field and a simple rotation model. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 87 (2000), S. 1780-1787 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Quelle: AIP Digital Archive
    Thema: Physik
    Notizen: The optical constants ε(E)[=ε1(E)+iε2(E)] of two epitaxial layers of GaInAsSb/GaSb have been measured at 300 K using spectral ellipsometry in the range of 0.35–5.3 eV. The ε(E) spectra displayed distinct structures associated with critical points (CPs) at E0 (direct gap), spin-orbit split E0+Δ0 component, spin-orbit split (E1,E1+Δ1) and (E0′,E0′+Δ0′) doublets, as well as E2. The experimental data over the entire measured spectral range (after oxide removal) has been fit using the Holden model dielectric function [Holden et al., Phys. Rev. B 56, 4037 (1997)] based on the electronic energy-band structure near these CPs plus excitonic and band-to-band Coulomb-enhancement effects at E0, E0+Δ0, and the E1, E1+Δ1 doublet. In addition to evaluating the energies of these various band-to-band CPs, information about the binding energy (R1) of the two-dimensional exciton related to the E1, E1+Δ1 CPs was obtained. The value of R1 was in good agreement with effective mass/k⋅p theory. The ability to evaluate R1 has important ramifications for recent first-principles band-structure calculations which include exciton effects at E0, E1, and E2 [M. Rohlfing and S. G. Louie, Phys. Rev. Lett. 81, 2312 (1998); S. Albrecht et al., Phys. Rev. Lett. 80, 4510 (1998)]. The experimental absorption coefficients in the region of E0 were in good agreement with values obtained from a linear interpolation of the end-point materials. Our experimental results were compared to a recent evaluation and fitting (Holden model) of the optical constants of GaSb. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 29 (2000), S. 327-359 
    ISSN: 1056-8700
    Quelle: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Thema: Biologie , Physik
    Notizen: Abstract This review describes how kinetic experiments using techniques with dramatically improved time resolution have contributed to understanding mechanisms in protein folding. Optical triggering with nanosecond laser pulses has made it possible to study the fastest-folding proteins as well as fundamental processes in folding for the first time. These include formation of alpha-helices, beta-sheets, and contacts between residues distant in sequence, as well as overall collapse of the polypeptide chain. Improvements in the time resolution of mixing experiments and the use of dynamic nuclear magnetic resonance methods have also allowed kinetic studies of proteins that fold too fast (〉 103 s-1) to be observed by conventional methods. Simple statistical mechanical models have been extremely useful in interpreting the experimental results. One of the surprises is that models originally developed for explaining the fast kinetics of secondary structure formation in isolated peptides are also successful in calculating folding rates of single domain proteins from their native three-dimensional structure.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Standort Signatur Erwartet Verfügbarkeit
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