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1

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Surfactant Remediation Field Demonstration Using a Vertical Circulation Well (1997)

Knox, R. C. ; Sabatini, D. A. ; Harwell, J. H. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1745-6584

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences

Notes: A field demonstration of surfactant-enhanced solubilization was completed in a shallow unconfined aquifer located at a Coast Guard Station in Traverse City, Michigan. The primary objectives of the study were: (1) to assess the ability of the vertical circulation well (VCW) system for controlling chemical extractants added to the subsurface; and (2) to assess the behavior of the surfactant solution in the subsurface, with a goal of maximum surfactant recovery. A secondary objective was to demonstrate enhanced removal of PCE and recalcitrant components of a jet fuel. The analytical results showed that the surfactant increased the contaminant mass extracted by 40–fold and 90–fold for the PCE and jet fuel constituents, respectively. The surfactant solution demonstrated minimal sorption (retardation) and did not precipitate in the subsurface formation. In addition, the VCW system was able to capture in excess of 95% of the injected surfactant solution. Additional field testing and full-scale implementation of surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation should be performed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00166.x

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2

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Design of a Surfactant Remediation Field Demonstration Based on Laboratory and Modeling Studies (1997)

Sabatini, D. A. ; Knox, R. C. ; Harwell, J. H. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Ground water 35 (1997), S. 0

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ISSN: 1745-6584

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Geosciences

Notes: Surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation is being evaluated as an innovative technology for expediting ground-water remediation. This paper reports on laboratory and modeling studies conducted in preparation for a pilot-scale field test of surfactant-enhanced subsurface remediation. Laboratory batch and column studies evaluated the surfactant-contaminant ground-water interactions in an effort to properly design the field-scale demonstration. A series of laboratory tracer tests and numerical simulations were completed to demonstrate the effectiveness of the hydraulic system (a vertical circulation well—VCW) for capturing injected solutions in a shallow, highly conductive, unconfined ground-water formation. The results of these studies were then used to optimize the performance of the VCW system during the subsequent field-scale demonstration study which utilized the VCW for injecting and extracting a surfactant solution. Information from the simulation studies, combined with the results of the batch and column tests, was crucial for procuring regulatory approval for the field demonstration, and successful design of the field-scale demonstration.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1997.tb00167.x

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3

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Calculation of the canting angle dependence of the resistivity in Cu|Co spin valves : The 41st annual conference on magnetism and magnetic materials (1997)

Brown, R. H. ; Nicholson, D. M. C. ; Butler, W. H. ; [et al.]

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 4008-4010

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: We consider the in-plane electrical conductivity of a spin valve, specifically, a system consisting of a copper slab between two cobalt slabs. We calculate the dependence of the resistivity on the canting angle, where the canting angle θ is defined as the angle between the magnetization vectors of two ferromagnetic slabs in a spin valve. To calculate the electronic structure, we utilize the layer-KKR formalism. Electron scattering by impurities, phonons, magnons, etc. is modeled using a layer and spin-dependent complex self-energy. Scattering rates are chosen to match Cu and Co resistivities. We assume a spin asymmetry scattering rate factor of 7 in Co, matching the Fermi-level minority-to-majority density-of-states ratio. No additional interfacial scattering is included. The nonlocal layer dependent conductivity is calculated using the Kubo–Greenwood formula for systems consisting of 3 and 7 monolayer fcc (111) Cu slabs in Co. We find electron channeling in Cu dominates the conductivity and at θ=π/2 the resistivity is increased by 4.9% and 2.3% from a linear 1−cos θ dependence. We find giant magnetoresistive GMR values of 64% and 36% for 3 and 7 monolayers of Cu, respectively. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.364922

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4

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Critical temperature and ion flux dependence of amorphization in GaAs (1997)

Brown, R. A.

[S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Journal of Applied Physics 81 (1997), S. 7681-7683

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ISSN: 1089-7550

Source: AIP Digital Archive

Topics: Physics

Notes: The formation of amorphous layers in GaAs during ion bombardment at elevated temperatures, where dynamic annealing of radiation-induced defects is substantial, is shown to be extremely sensitive to the implantation temperature. For example, we have found that a temperature change of only 6 °C can change the residual damage from small clusters barely visible by conventional transmission electron microscopy and Rutherford backscattering to a thick amorphous layer. The temperature at which this occurs is strongly dependent upon the ion flux. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.365347

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5

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Refinement of Ammonium Perrhenate Structure Using a Pseudo-Spin Model for the Ammonium Ion Orientation (1997)

Swainson, I. P. ; Brown, R. J. C.

Copenhagen : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)

Acta crystallographica 53 (1997), S. 76-81

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ISSN: 1600-5740

Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics

Notes: A new Rietveld refinement of previously reported powder neutron diffraction data on ND4ReO4 taken over a wide range of temperatures [Powell, Brown, Harnden & Reid (1993). Acta Cryst. B49, 463–468] is reported. Rigid-body constraints are applied to the cation geometry and occupation of a second cation orientation at higher temperatures is permitted. The resulting structure at higher temperatures is to be preferred to the previous structure with a single cation orientation and supports the pseudo-spin theory of cooperative disordering without a phase transition.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/S0108768196011160

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6

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Cartilage Calcification and Limb Bud Growth in the Developing Tich Mouse Embryo (1997)

Ahmed, Z. ; Archer, J. R. ; Brown, R. A.

Springer

Calcified tissue international 60 (1997), S. 561 -566

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ISSN: 1432-0827

Keywords: Key words: Cartilage — Calcification — Embryo — Alcian green — Development — Limbs.

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics

Notes: Abstract. The tich mutation leads to the abnormal development of bones in mice such that a `V-shaped' tongue of noncalcified cartilage appears in the central portion of the proximal tibial growth plate. In this study, alcian green staining of cartilage glycosaminoglycans was used to demonstrate the pattern of limb development in embryos of stage-matched tich and normal, co-isogenic, A.TL mice from the earliest stages in skeletogenesis. The growth plates of normal A.TL siblings were symmetrical across the limb rudiment whereas the growth plate in tich siblings show the beginnings of a V-shaped tongue of cartilage reaching towards the diaphysis. This showed first at E16.5. It was apparent that the crown rump distance, tibia, ulna, and the length of calcified cartilage in tich were significantly shorter than A.TL. These results confirmed that calcification was not the primary defect in tich but point to a temporal dysfunction in growth factor expression (possibly bone morphogenetic proteins) that stems from early limb bud formation and translates through later stages in development.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900280

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7

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Identification of cellulose synthase(s) in higher plants: sequence analysis of processive β-glycosyltransferases with the common motif ’D, D, D35Q(R,Q)XRW‘ (1997)

SAXENA, INDER M. ; BROWN, R. M.

Springer

Cellulose 4 (1997), S. 33-49

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ISSN: 1572-882X

Keywords: β-Glycosyltransferases ; Acetobacter xylinum ; cellulosesynthase ; higher plants

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: Abstract More than ten β-glycosyltransferases are now recognized that have limited similarity to the amino acid sequence of cellulose synthase from Acetobacter xylinum. Using hydrophobic cluster analysis (HCA), we recently identified two domains and putative catalytic residues in the processive β-glycosyltransferases. In this study, we have found expressed sequence tags (ESTs) from higher plants (Arabidopsis thaliana, Brassica campestris, and Oryza sativa) that exhibit a limited sequence similarity to the A. xylinum cellulose synthase. These ESTs contain some of the conserved residues identified in the processive β-glycosyltransferases. Complete sequencing of an EST clone (T88271) from A. thaliana led to the identification of all the conserved residues in the derived truncated polypeptide which appears to be part of a putative cellulose synthase. Sequence comparison of proteins with known function and several unidentified proteins have the ‘D, D, D35Q(R,Q)XRW’ motif which is considered a strong predictor for β-glycosyltransferasesthat includes, among other proteins, cellulose and chitin synthases. The first two conserved aspartic acid residues in this motif were analysed by site-directed mutagenesis, and their replacement by another amino acid led to a loss of cellulose synthase activity in A. xylinum, suggesting that they are essential for enzyme activity. A correlation between the second residue (R or Q) in the Q(R,Q)XRW sequence and the synthesis of along glucan chain (polysaccharide) or a short glucan chain(oligosaccharide) suggests that this residue may be involved in the degree of processivity

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018411101036

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8

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The Cretaceous and younger thermal history of the KTB site (Germany): apatite fission-track data from the Vorbohrung (1997)

Coyle, D. A. ; Wagner, G. A. ; Hejl, E. ; [et al.]

Springer

Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. 203-209

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ISSN: 0016-7835

Keywords: Key words Fission-track dating ; Apatite ; Thermochronology ; KTB

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Abstract A detailed fission-track analysis was carried out on 41 apatite samples from the 4001-m-deep pilot hole of the German Continental Deep Drilling Program (KTB). The investigations include dating by the population method and length measurements of horizontal confined tracks. Age and length information indicate that all samples above the present-day partial annealing zone cooled from temperatures above 120 °C in the Cretaceous. The top two kilometres of the profile show less variation of age with depth than was expected. Modelling of the profile indicates that the distribution of fission track ages with depth requires that the profile was disturbed during or after cooling through the partial annealing zone. Modelling of individual samples reveals that at least the upper 2 km experienced reverse faulting, effectively thickening the upper part of the rock column by up to 1000 m in the Tertiary. A present-day partial annealing zone for apatite was observed between 2000 and 4000 m (∼60–110 °C). This confirms earlier in situ observations of the position of the partial annealing zone.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050132

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9

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Transition from mitotic apparatus to cytokinetic apparatus in pollen mitosis of the slipper orchid (1997)

Brown, R. C. ; Lemmon, B. E.

Springer

Protoplasma 198 (1997), S. 43-52

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ISSN: 1615-6102

Keywords: Confocal microscopy ; Microtubules ; Mitosis ; Orchid ; Phragmoplast ; Pollen

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary Cytokinesis following asymmetrical pollen mitosis was studied in the slipper orchidCypripedium fasciculatum using techniques of immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning, and transmission electron microscopy. Data from stereo reconstructions of double labelled preparations (microtubules/nuclei) show that the contribution of residual spindle fibers to development of the interzonal array is minor; rather, new populations of microtubules are nucleated in association with the two groups of anaphase chromosomes. As kinetochores reach the poles, trailing arms of the chromosomes and nonkinetochore microtubules are displaced outward in the equatorial zone and by early telophase the interzone is left virtually free of microtubules. The interzonal apparatus has its origin in a massive proliferation of microtubules from the polar regions and surfaces of contracting chromosomes. Each polar region appears as a hub from which microtubules radiate in a spoke-like configuration and numerous tufts of microtubules appear to emanate from margins of the chromosomes themselves. These newly organized arrays of microtubules extend to the equatorial region where they interact to form the interzonal apparatus. Increasing organization of microtubules in the interzone results in development of a typical phragmoplast configuration consisting of opposing cone-like bundles of microtubules bisected by an unstained equatorial line.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01282130

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