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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production and characterization of a plant α-hydroxynitrile lyase in Escherichia coli (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 53 (1997), S. 332-338 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: α-hydroxynitrile lyase ; cassava ; cyanogenesis ; cyanohydrin ; Escherichia coli expression vector ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The coding sequence of the cyanogenic α-hydroxynitrile lyase gene of Manihot esculenta Crantz (cassava) was cloned in the plasmid vector pMal-c2 and expressed in Escherichia coli strain JM105. DNA sequencing showed that the recombinant plasmid contained the same sequence as the cDNA clone pHNL10. Peptide sequencing of the recombinant protein showed that the N-terminus was heterogeneous, with either four or six additional amino acid residues compared with the native protein. Circular dichroism spectra indicated similar secondary structure contents for both proteins. Enzyme assays showed that specific activity of native and recombinant proteins were 0.24 and 0.26 mmol CN-/mg/min, respectively; that both proteins had optimal activity at 40°C and pH 5.5; and that both proteins were inhibited by the serine protease inhibitor phenyl-methane sulfonyl flouride (PMSF). Isoelectric focusing of native and recombinant protein revealed multiple isoforms for both proteins; the recombinant protein had a more basic mean isoelectric point (pl) (5.1) than the native protein (4.5). © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Biotechnol Bioeng 53: 332-338, 1997.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
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    Hommage à Maurice Françon (1997)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-06-01
    Print ISSN: 0150-536X
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
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    The response of the magnetosphere to the passage of a coronal mass ejection on March 20-21, 1990 (1997)
    In:  Annales Geophysicae
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Keywords: 550 - Earth sciences
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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    PAPER (OA)
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mineralogical and geochemical signature of mine waste contamination, Tresillian River, Fal Estuary, Cornwall, UK (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 29 (1997), S. 58-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Mine waste contamination ; Cornwall ; UK
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The mineralized district of SW England was one of the world's greatest mining areas, with mining commencing in the Bronze age, peaking in the 1850s to 1890s, but still continuing to the present day. Consequently, it is not surprising that mining has had a major impact on the environmental geochemistry of SW England. In this study, the mineralogical and geochemical signature of mine waste contamination within the Fal Estuary at Tresillian, Cornwall, has been examined. A pulse of mine waste contamination is recognized at approximately 50 cm below present day sediment surface. Sn, As, Cu, Pb, and Zn are all enriched within this contaminated interval with up to 1800 mg kg–1 Sn, 290 mg kg–1 As, 508 mg kg–1 Pb, 2210 mg kg–1 Zn, and 1380 mg kg–1 Cu. Within this interval, the dominant minerals present include chalcopyrite, arsenopyrite, pyrite, cassiterite, Fe–Ti oxides (ilmenite and ?rutile), wolframite, sphalerite, baryte, zircon, monazite, tourmaline and xenotime. In addition, man-made slag products commonly occur. The exact timing of the release of mine waste into the estuary is poorly constrained, but probably occurred during or immediately following the peak in mining activity in the nearby Camborne-Redruth district, which was between 1853 and 1893. The mine waste may have entered the estuary either via the Tresillian River and its tributaries or via Calenick Creek and the Truro River and/or the Carnon River which flows into Rostronguet Creek.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Geochemistry and stratigraphic correlation of basalt lavas beneath the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant, Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (1997)
    Springer
    Environmental geology 30 (1997), S. 108-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0495
    Keywords: Key words Stratigraphy ; Basalt ; Geochemistry ; Snake River Plain aquifer ; Idaho National Engineering Laboratory
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  Thirty-nine samples of basaltic core were collected from wells 121 and 123, located approximately 1.8 km apart north and south of the Idaho Chemical Processing Plant at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory. Samples were collected from depths ranging from 15 to 221 m below land surface for the purpose of establishing stratigraphic correlations between these two wells. Elemental analyses indicate that the basalts consist of three principal chemical types. Two of these types are each represented by a single basalt flow in each well. The third chemical type is represented by many basalt flows and includes a broad range of chemical compositions that is distinguished from the other two types. Basalt flows within the third type were identified by hierarchical K-cluster analysis of 14 representative elements: Fe, Ca, K, Na, Sc, Co, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Yb, Hf, Ta, and Th. Cluster analyses indicate correlations of basalt flows between wells 121 and 123 at depths of approximately 38–40 m, 125–128 m, 131–137 m, 149–158 m, and 183–198 m. Probable correlations also are indicated for at least seven other depth intervals. Basalt flows in several depth intervals do not correlate on the basis of chemical compositions, thus reflecting possible flow margins in the sequence between the wells. Multi-element chemical data provide a useful method for determining stratigraphic correlations of basalt in the upper 1–2 km of the eastern Snake River Plain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002540050138
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Grazing of phytoplankton by copepods in eastern Antarctic coastal waters (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 39-48 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Chlorophyll a, primary productivity and grazing by copepods on phytoplankton were measured in the upper water column during the summer of 1994/1995 at a coastal site near Davis Station, East Antarctica. Chlorophyll a was at a maximum in mid-December, then dropped markedly as the coastal fast ice melted and broke‐out. Phytoplankton biomass increased again from mid‐ to late‐February. Copepods accounted for at least 65% of zooplankton biomass in the water column before sea ice break‐out, whereas larval polychaetes and ctenophores dominated after ice break‐out. Oncaeacurvata was the numerically dominant species throughout the study. The highest grazing rate (8.7 mg C␣m−3␣d−1) was recorded on 21 December when O.␣curvata accounted for 64% of the total. Grazing had decreased markedly by 28 December (0.9 mg C m−3 d−1); again O. curvata accounted for over 50% of the total ingested. Copepod grazing increased after ice break-out until the last experiment on 20 February (⋍5 mg C␣m−3␣d−1). The main species responsible for grazing during this period were O. curvata, Oithonasimilis, Calanoidesacutus and unidentified copepod nauplii. It was estimated that copepods removed between 1 and 5% of primary productivity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050066
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Benthic fauna of a shallow-water gaseohydrothermal vent area in the Aegean Sea (Milos, Greece) (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 128 (1997), S. 149-159 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The benthic community of shallow-water hydrothermal vents (10 m water depth) in a sandy bay on the south coast of Milos, Greece was studied. The macro- and meiofauna, as well as environmental factors such as temperature, salinity, sulfide concentration, grain size composition, ATP concentration, organic carbon, chlorophyll a and phaeopigments were evaluated. Samples were taken along transects from a seagrass meadow into a hydrothermally active area. Hydrothermally active spots were distinguished from the surrounding sediment by their black sediment coloration and an overlying white bacterial mat. For comparison, a control transect from a seagrass meadow into bare sand in a non-vent area in the same bay was studied. Overall, we found decreasing faunal diversity from the seagrass bed towards the hydrothermally active area. Along this gradient, four different zones could be distinguished. (a) The seagrass area had a relatively low diversity compared to the control stations, but much higher diversity than in the areas directly influenced by hydrothermal activity. (b) The border zone between the seagrass and the hydrothermal area, with moderate sulfide concentrations, pH values, seawater salinity and temperatures, was inhabited by an impoverished community dominated by the polychaete Capitella capitata, the nematodes Oncholaimus campylocercoides and Sabatieria sp., and an as yet undescribed chromadorid nematode (Chromadorina sp.). (c) The transition zone at the border of the hydrothermal area proper, with temperatures and sulfide concentrations higher than in the border zone, was characterized by high salinity (60‰) and low pH values. Along with the gastropod Cyclope neritea, single specimens of C. capitata and O. campylocercoides occurred. (d) The hydrothermal area proper, characterized by high sulfide concentrations, had high sediment temperatures and high salinities. The pH was as low as 6. Here, the gastropod Cyclope neritea was the only species occurring in considerable numbers. The gaseohydrothermal activity seems to largely exclude the surrounding fauna in a graded zonal pattern. The increasing hydrothermal stress entrains a change of the ambient biota towards a depauperate consortium of tolerant, opportunistic species, e.g. Capitella capitata (Polychaeta) and Oncholaimus campylocercoides (Nematoda). Although the hydrothermal area proper was characterized by a thick bacterial mat, the benthic community was characterized not by bacteria feeders but by scavenging species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050078
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Satellite tracking experiments on the navigational ability and migratory behaviour of the loggerhead turtle Caretta caretta (1997)
    Springer
    Marine biology 129 (1997), S. 215-220 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1793
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Four loggerhead females (Caretta caretta) were caught when emerging at their nesting beach on the Natal coast, prevented from egg laying and displaced along the coast 38 to 70 km from the capture site. They were then released either on the shore or 37 km offshore. The successful journeys back to the capture area and the successive migrations were tracked by satellite. In compensating for the displacement, loggerheads showed a capability of true navigation. The 545 to 1000 km long migratory journeys of three turtles were followed along the Mozambique coast up to the feeding grounds. Migratory speed was similar at night and during the day. During the trip, submergences were shorter and more frequent than during the stay at the feeding grounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002270050162
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shared virtual worlds for education: the ExploreNet experiment (1997)
    Springer
    Multimedia systems 5 (1997), S. 145-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1882
    Keywords: Key words:Constructionism – Distributed interactive simulation – Distributed objects – Graphical MUDs – Object-oriented simulation – Situated cognition – Virtual communities – Virtual worlds
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract. ExploreNet is an experimental environment for creating and delivering networked “virtual worlds.” This system's style of user interaction was inspired by the concept of a “habitat” as first articulated in the LucasFilm's Habitat system. Players enter and interact in a habitat via their animated alter egos, called “avatars.” Habitats may be created for many purposes, including social interaction, entertainment and education. Our focus has been to facilitate the creation of habitats in which virtual communities of learners and mentors interact. This paper presents details of the current ExploreNet system, including its user interface, the means it provides for creating complex behaviors, details of its implementation, the outcomes of several experiments using this system, and our plans for its natural migration to a World Wide Web-based system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005300050050
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative Evolutionary Rates of Introns and Exons in Murine Rodents (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 45 (1997), S. 125 -130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Exons — Introns — Murine rodents — Nucleotide content — Nucleotide substitution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Analysis of DNA sequences of 132 introns and 140 exons from 42 pairs of orthologous genes of mouse and rat was used to compare patterns of evolutionary change between introns and exons. The mean of the absolute difference in length (measured in base pairs) between the two species was nearly five times as high in the case of introns as in the case of exons. The average rate of nucleotide substitution in introns was very similar to the rate of synonymous substitution in exons, and both were about three times the rate of substitution at nonsynonymous sites in exons. G+C content of introns and exons of the same gene were correlated; but mean G+C content at the third positions of exons was significantly higher than that of introns or positions 1–2 of exons from the same gene. G+C content was conserved over evolutionary time, as indicated by strong correlations between mouse and rat; but the change in G+C content was greatest at position 3 of exons, intermediate in introns, and lowest at positions 1–2 in introns.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006211
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