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  • Biochemistry and Biotechnology  (57)
  • EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
  • 1990-1994  (82)
  • 1993  (82)
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  • 1990-1994  (82)
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  • 1
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    Automated measurement of polarized bidirectional reflectance (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2011-08-24
    Beschreibung: An Automated Bidirectional Reflection Acquisition Measurement System (ABRAMS) has been constructed to facilitate measurement of bidirectional reflectance from soil and vegetative samples in the laboratory. The system illuminates a sample with linearly-polarized laser light, lambda = 632.8 nm, and measures the like- and cross-polarized scattered intensities over half a hemisphere. System design and polarized bidirectional reflectance measurements from a soil sample and SiO2 spherical particles are discussed in this work. It is shown that polarization information in the plane of incidence is useful for identifying certain scattering mechanisms associated with soil reflectance. This is because the like-polarized intensity, Ivv, is influenced by single-scattered light and the cross-polarized intensity, IHv, is strongly influenced by multiple-scattered light. For example, comparable levels of Ivv and IHv indicated that the reflectance of soils, is dominated by significant multiple scattering because single scattering causes minimal depolarization in the plane of incidence.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 43; 1; p. 97-114.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 2
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    Techniques and applications of SAR interferometry for ERS-1 (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-01-25
    Beschreibung: The ERS-1 Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) demonstrated that it is possible to measure high resolution topography over large areas using interferometry with repeat orbit data sets. Given that the ERS-1 orbit is known with high precision, an automatic system for generation of interferograms is presented. Least squares estimation using ground control points provides an accurate method for determining the precise interferometric baseline. The system parameters which affect the accuracy of the Digital Elevation Models (DEM's) are errors in the interferometric baseline, decorrelation caused by baseline separation, thermal noise, and surface change. An adaptive filter based on the local interferometric coherence was developed to improve phase unwrapping of the interferogram. Final accuracies of the DEM's generated for single scene pairs in Alaska (U.S.) and Bonn (Germany) are on the order of 5 to 10 m.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: CNES, From Optics to Radar, SPOT, and ERS Applications; p 483-490
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Monitoring of wildfires in boreal forests using large area AVHRR NDVI composite image data (1993)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publikationsdatum: 2019-08-28
    Beschreibung: Normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) composite image data, produced from AVHRR data collected in 1990, were evaluated for locating and mapping the areal extent of wildfires in the boreal forests of Alaska during that year. A technique was developed to map forest fire boundaries by subtracting a late-summer AVHRR NDVI image from an early summer scene. The locations and boundaries of wildfires within the interior region of Alaska were obtained from the Alaska Fire Service, and compared to the AVHRR-derived fire-boundary map. It was found that AVHRR detected 89.5 percent of all fires with sizes greater than 2000 ha with no false alarms and that, for most cases, the general shape of the fire boundary detected by AVHRR matched those mapped by field observers. However, the total area contained within the fire boundaries mapped by AVHRR were only 61 percent of those mapped by the field observers. However, the AVHRR data used in this study did not span the entire time period during which fires occurred, and it is believed the areal estimates could be improved significantly if an expanded AVHRR data set were used.
    Schlagwort(e): EARTH RESOURCES AND REMOTE SENSING
    Materialart: Remote Sensing of Environment (ISSN 0034-4257); 45; 1; p. 61-71.
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Diffusion of lactose in acidogenic biofilms (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 736-744 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): lactose ; effective diffusivity ; acidogenic biofilm ; biofilm void fraction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Effective diffusivity of lactose in active acidogenic biofilms was measured at 35°C and pH 4.6 with a specially designed diffusion cell. The diffusion cell was designed and operated in such a way that the lactose concentrations on the surface and at the center of a living bacterial aggregate could be measured at steady state. As a model parameter in a widely accepted reaction-diffusion equation which describes lactose distribution in living biofilms, the effective diffusivity of lactose in the biofilms was found to be about 65% of the lactose diffusivity in free solutions. It was experimentally determined that the active biofilms had about 66% void volume made up of channels through which the lactose molecules were transported into the bacterial aggregates. Therefore, the decrease in lactose diffusivity was mainly caused by the biofilm's solid biomass fraction rather than the tortuosity of the channels. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 8 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410708
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Development of bacterial cytochrome P-450cam (Cytochrome m) production (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 411-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): bacterial cytochrome P-450cam ; hydrocarbon fermentation ; halocarbon degradation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Cytochrome P-450cam monooxygenase is an important bacterial redox enzyme system with potential commercial value for detoxifying trace hydrocarbon contaminants, catalyzing regiospecific hydroxylations, and amperometric biosensing. The present study was undertaken to increase productivity of this enzyme, which is induced in its host, pseudomonas putida PpG 786, by D(+)-camphor. Culture processes were studied in batch, fed-batch, and continuous modes to evaluate metabolic behavior and develop constitutive equations for specific rate of growth (μ), camphor utilization (qp). Fed-batch culture was characterized by an extended linear growth phase which is often encountered in hydrocarbon fermentations. Inhibition by the camphor solvent, dimethylformamide, was assessed. Production of the terminal protein of the p-450cam enzyme system, cytochrome m, was shown to depend on growth medium iron content in fed-batch culture and was increased by 130% over previously protocols by eliminating iron deficiency. A continuous process that enables greater production rates was developed by using oxygen enrichment while simultaneously reducing gas throughput. Camphor and oxygen requirements were determined for fedbatch and continuous growth. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410404
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Catalytic and interfacial aspects of enzymatic polymer synthesis in reversed micellar systems (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 41 (1993), S. 531-540 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): horseradish peroxidase ; reversed micelles ; phenolic polymers ; enzyme kinetics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: The enzyme horseradish peroxidase, when encapsulated in reversed micelles, is capable of catalyzing the synthesis of phenolic and aromatic amine polymers. The synthesis of polyethylphenol is specifically considered in this article and is found to be extremely feasible in the micellar system. Polymer chain growth can be controlled to some degree by manipulating the ability of the solvent to sustain chain solubility; this is effectively done by adjusting the surfactant concentration. This results in a degree of control of polymer molecular weight. The synthesized polymer drops out of solution and can be easily recovered. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 11 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260410505
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    A mathematical model for dynamic simulation of anaerobic digestion of complex substrates: Focusing on ammonia inhibition (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 159-166 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): anaerobic digestion ; ammonia inhibition ; manure ; mathematical model ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: A mathematical model for anaerobic degradation of complex organic material, such as manure, has been developed. The model includes an enzymatic hydrolytic step and four bacterial steps and involves 12 chemical compounds. The model focuses on ammonia inhibition and includes a detailed description of pH and temperature characteristics in order to accurately simulate free ammonia concentration. Free ammonia and acetate constitute the primary modulating factors in the model. The model has been applied for the simulation of digestion of cattle manure in continuously stirred tank reactors (CSTRs), and results compare favorably with experimental data. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 6 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420203
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of lactic acid from aqueous solutions and fermentation broth (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 50-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): emulsion liquid membrane ; lactic acid ; organic acid recovery ; fermentation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: Studies on the batch extraction of lactic acid using an emulsion liquid membrane system are reported. The membrane phase consists of the tertiary amine carrier Alamine 336 and the surfactant Span 80 dissolved in n-heptane/paraffin and aqueous solutions of sodium carbonate in the internal phase. The effects of internal phase reagent, extraction temperature, and initial external phase pH on the extraction efficiency and the emulsion swelling are examined. A statistical factorial experiment on extraction from clarified lactic acid fermentation broth was carried out to obtain knowledge of the performance of the extraction system from a broth. The extraction efficiency from the fermentation broth is found to be lower as compared to aqueous solutions of pure lactic acid. The effect of pH and the presence of other ionic species on selectivity are discussed. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 15 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420108
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microencapsulation selection for isolation of yeast mutants with increased secretion of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 351-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): microencapsulation ; selection ; secretion ; yeast ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: We have developed a microencapsulation selection method which allows the rapid and quantitative screening of 〉106 yeast cells for enhanced secretion of Aspergillus awamori glucoamylase. The method provides a 400-fold single-pass enrichment for high-secreting mutants, and can be straightforwardly adapted for application to growth-based selection schemes with other microorganisms and enzymes. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420312
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  • 10
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Stabilization of heterodimeric enzyme by multipoint covalent immobilization: Penicillin G acylase from Kluyvera citrophila (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 42 (1993), S. 455-464 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Schlagwort(e): penicillin G acylase ; Kluyvera citrophila ; immobilization-stabilization of penicillin G acylase ; stabilization of multimeric enzymes ; reactivation of enzyme derivatives ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Werkstoffwissenschaften, Fertigungsverfahren, Fertigung
    Notizen: We have developed a strategy for immobilization-stabilization of penicillin G acylase (PGA) from Kluyvera citrophila by controlled multipoint covalent attachment to agarose-aldehyde gels. This enzyme is composed by two dissimilar subunits noncovalently bound. Thus, in this article we establish clear correlations between enzyme stabilization and the multipoint immobilization and/or between enzyme stabilization and the involvement of the two subunits in the attachment of them to the support. We have demonstrated that important thermal stabilizations of derivatives were only obtained through a very intense enzyme-support multipoint attachment involving the whole enzyme molecule. In this way, we have prepared derivatives preserving more than 90% of catalytic activity and being more than 1000-fold more stable than soluble and one-point attached enzyme. In addition, the involvement of the two subunits in the covalent attachment to the support has proved to be essential to develop interesting strategies for reactivation of inactivated enzyme molecules [e.g., by refolding of immobilized PGA after previous unfolding with urea and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)]. © 1993 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
    Zusätzliches Material: 3 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260420408
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