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  • 2000-2004
  • 1990-1994  (27)
  • 1993  (11)
  • 1990  (16)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of the ion energy on the growth and structure of thin hydrocarbon films (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 74 (1993), S. 1354-1361 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Noncrystalline hydrocarbon films were deposited from methane plasmas in an electron-cyclotron-resonance plasma reactor. The films were characterized by infrared spectroscopy and high-energy ion-beam analysis. Film properties were investigated as a function of the energy of ions impinging on the surface of the growing film. The ion energy was varied by applying a dc bias to the sample in the range from 30 to 200 eV. The ion energy was measured with a retarding field analyzer under identical experimental conditions. An abrupt change was found in the sp3/sp2 ratio in the energy interval from 80 to 120 eV. Other film properties such as the refractive index, density, and hydrogen-to-carbon ratio exhibit a more or less monotonic dependence on the ion energy. The results are compared with published data on hydrocarbon films. An analytical model was developed to describe the energy dependence of the hydrogen fraction in the films. It is based on the assumption that displacement of hydrogen atoms is the dominating mechanism that controls the hydrogen fraction in hydrocarbon films. The results are also discussed on the basis of the fully constrained network model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.354892
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-temperature dynamic depth profile measurements of implanted deuterium in nickel: Precipitation of nickel deuteride (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 3169-3177 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Measurements of the retention of deuterium in polycrystalline nickel were obtained at 193 and 223 K through elastic-recoil detection using a 2.6-MeV 4He beam. The depth profiles so obtained show striking differences with their counterparts measured at higher temperatures. Although the profiles are homogeneous at implanted fluences lower than 3×1018 D+ cm−2, they present a large peak centered slightly deeper than the implantation range at higher fluences. Additional features develop as one further implants. The large peak is associated with the buildup of nickel deuteride. A one-dimensional computer model is developed which partly reproduces the features of the measured depth profiles.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346391
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Isotopic exchange in hard amorphous carbonized layers (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 67 (1990), S. 163-168 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hard amorphous films of a-C:H and a-C:D were deposited by a rf glow discharge in either CH4 or CD4 . By ion bombardment with protons and deuterons, the H/D exchange process was studied as function of the bombardment fluence by means of depth profile measurements. The local hydrogen and deuterium contents are not adding up to a constant "saturation'' value: the local mixing model is not valid. Instead of that an initial depletion appears, which depends on the incident energy of the ions. At higher fluences, the total (H+D):C ratio tends to increase again, due to an increasing influence of the deposition process. This demonstrates a structural difference between a-C:H films and hydrogen-saturated layers of implanted carbon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.345296
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Helium implantation effects in hard hydrogenated carbon layers (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 2068-2072 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Hard amorphous films of a-C:D were deposited by a rf glow discharge in CD4. The implantation of 40-keV 3He+ ions in these films was studied as a function of the helium fluence at temperatures between 100 K and room temperature. The trapped amounts of helium and the deuterium losses in the layer were measured in situ using nuclear reaction analysis with 0.5-MeV D+ and 1-MeV 3He+ beams, respectively, and subsequent ex-situ elastic-recoil detection analysis. A transient helium retention appears in the carbonized layers, occurring only at temperatures below 200 K. Above a critical fluence which depends on temperature and ion flux, outdiffusion of He is observed which is ascribed to the formation of diffusion channels by radiation damage. The deuterium depletion induced by helium bombardment below 200 K sets on in correlation with the helium outdiffusion, but is otherwise independent of the helium trapping.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.346559
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the structure of thin hydrocarbon films (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 63 (1993), S. 1771-1773 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We compare reported compositions of a-C:H films in a ternary phase diagram. It is assumed that the films comprised three phases: sp3 hybridized carbon, sp2 hybridized carbon and hydrogen. The data are found to split into two well-separated groups. This separation depends on the method used to measure the sp3/sp2 ratio. We conclude from the comparison of NMR and infrared data that infrared analysis does not provide a quantitative measure of the sp3/sp2 ratio.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.110683
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deposition of dense hydrocarbon films from a nonbiased microwave plasma (1993)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 62 (1993), S. 937-939 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An electron cyclotron resonance plasma was used to prepare C:H layers from methane. The temperature dependence of the deposition rate was investigated at substrate temperatures ranging from room temperature to 700 K, at a gas pressure of 1.6 Pa. Despite low ion energies corresponding to the plasma potential, transparent hard coatings were obtained at elevated temperature with a density up to 2 g cm−3. A deposition model is proposed which describes the growth from an adsorbed layer, including surface reactions with radicals and atomic hydrogen as well as the direct incorporation of ions. Two different deposition processes can be identified, yielding polymerlike films in the temperature range up to 450 K and dense hydrocarbons above this temperature. The observed temperature dependence of the film properties such as H/C ratio, index of refraction, and density is consistent with the predictions of the model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108525
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasma and surface modeling of the deposition of hydrogenated carbon films from low-pressure methane plasmas (1993)
    Springer
    Applied physics 56 (1993), S. 527-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 52.25.Dg ; 79.20.Nc ; 82.65.Yh
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The elementary mechanisms are described which determine the plasma and surface processes during the plasma-enhanced chemical vapour deposition of hydrogenated carbon films from methane. Corresponding model calculations are reviewed and critically discussed in comparison to experimental results. A realistic modeling requires the simultaneous and self-consistent treatment of plasma and surface effects. Several experimental data sets on plasma parameters and the growth and the composition of the films have been reproduced successfully. However, a broader experimental data base is needed for more critical tests of the models. The reliability of the modeling, in particular of the surface effects, is still limited due to the poor availability of elementary data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00331402
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hermetische Mikroelektronik-Verkapselungen in der Luft- und Raumfahrt zur Vermeidung von Korrosion (1993)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 44 (1993), S. 124-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Corrosion-resistant, hermetic microelectronic packages for aerospace applicationsCorrosion-resistant, high reliable aerospace electronics need expensive ceramic substrates, noble metal conductors and very clean stainless steel or ceramic packages. The requirements, material technologies, problems and more economical packages are described.
    Notes: Zur Vermeidung von Korrosionsschäden an Sicherheitselektroniken der Luft- und Raumfahrt sowie der Wehrtechnik werden vorzugsweise Keramik-Substrate und Edelmetall-Leiter sowie völlig feuchte- und salzfreie, hermetisch verschlossene Metall oder Keramikgehäuse verwendet. Die Anforderungen, Materialien, Technologien und Probleme der hermetischen Mikroelektronik-Verpackung wird im folgenden Aufsatz näher beschrieben werden.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19930440404
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Structural and functional differentiation of the embryonic chick pineal organ in vivo and in vitro (1990)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 260 (1990), S. 337-348 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Pineal organ ; Organ culture ; Pinealocytes ; Differentiation ; Melatonin ; Radioimmunoassay ; Chick embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The development of sensory structures in the pineal organ of the chick was examined by means of scanning electron microscopy from embryonic day 10 through day 12 post-hatching. At embryonic day 10, the wall of the tubules within the pineal primordium is composed of cells with unspecialized luminal surface. Differentiation of sensory structures starts at embryonic day 12 when pinealocytes and supporting cells can be distinguished. Pinealocytes are recognized by virtue of an inner segment only rarely endowed with a cilium, whereas supporting cells exhibit numerous short microvilli. Further differentiation of the sensory apparatus is achieved by development of an oval-shaped, biconcave swelling at the tip of the cilium, 1×2 μm in size, and a collar of long microvilli at the base of the inner segment. Membrane specializations of sensory cilia, however, were not detected. Since during embryonic life new tubules and follicles are continuously formed, all stages of differentiation of sensory structures are found in the chick pineal organ during the second half of the incubation period and the first two weeks after hatching. In 200-μm-thick Vibratome sections of chick-embryo pineal organs cultured in medium BM 86 Wissler for periods up to 13 days the cytodifferentiation parallels the development in vivo. Using an organ-culture system the 24-h release of melatonin into the culture medium was measured by means of radioimmunoassay after solid-phase extraction. At embryonic day 10, the 24-h secretion of melatonin was at the lower range of detection of the RIA (5 pg). The rapid increase in 24-h secretion in melatonin until hatching (∼50 μg) is approximated by an exponential curve.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00318636
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  • 10
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    How accurate are the ‘‘muonic’’ quadrupole moments in Eu? (1993)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-9007
    Electronic ISSN: 1079-7114
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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