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  • Chemistry  (13)
  • Chemical Engineering  (5)
  • 2005-2009
  • 1990-1994  (13)
  • 1991  (13)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave thawing of cylinders (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1789-1800 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The finite element method was used to model microwave thawing of pure-water and 0.1-M NaCl cylinders. The electromagnetic field was described by Maxwell's equations with temperature-dependent dielectric properties, while the heat equation, coupled with the Stefan and Robin conditions, was used to describe the thawing process. An additional equation for the frozen volume fraction was used, when necessary, to account for the presence of a mushy region. Two microwave frequencies, 915 MHz and 2,450 MHz, were examined and the microwave radiation was assumed to be radially isotropic and normal to the surface of the cylinder. Results show that a two-phase mushy region may exist, and an additional thawing front may appear at the center of the cylinder. Salt cylinders have a higher dielectric loss than pure-water cylinders and therefore thaw more quickly. Internal resonance occurs when the wavelength of the radiation is a harmonic of the cylinder radius. Resonance increases power deposition and expedites the thawing process. The onset of resonance alters thawing times and complicates the development of heuristic rules for microwave thawing.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690371204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of microwave heating of materials with temperature-dependent properties (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 313-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Transient temperature profiles in multilayer slabs are predicted, by simultaneously solving Maxwell's equations with the heat conduction equation, using Galerkin finite elements. It is assumed that the medium is homogeneous and has temperature-dependent dielectric and thermal properties. The method is illustrated with applications involving the heating of food and polymers with microwaves. The temperature dependence of dielectric properties affects the heating appreciably, as is shown by comparison with a constant property model.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370302
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pore size engineering in zeolites. By E. F. Vansant, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, 1990, 148 pp., $59.95 (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 1905-1905 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690371215
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of induced CAT expression in E. coli (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 749-760 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: metabolic modeling ; bioreactor optimization ; recombinant protein synthesis ; induction dynamics ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The dynamics of chemically induced chloramphenicolaceyl-transferase (CAT) expression are determined in batch cultures of Escherichia coli DH5αF'IQ [pKK262-1]. This article is directed towards understanding the coupling of induced cloned-protein synthesis and reduced cell growth which are balanced in the optimal system. Experimental results indicate that the best inducer (IPTG) concentration is near 1.0 mM when added during midexponential growth. Lower concentrations cause only weak induction, whereas higher concentrations cause sufficiently strong induction that cell growth is suppressed. Induction at the onset of the stationary phase results in high expression but is accompanied by stimulated protease activity. Also, cell mass yield is adversely affected by enhanced protein synthesis. A structured metabolic model is shown to predict the responses of instantaneous growth rate and productivity which result from protein overexpression. This model can be employed to predict alternative reactor strategies and operating conditions necessary for the design of efficient bioprocess.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260380709
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel continuous centrifugal bioreactor for high-density cultivation of mammalian and microbial cells (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 38 (1991), S. 1190-1202 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: continuous centrifugal bioreactor ; ethanol fermentation ; mammalian cell hybridoma ; monoclonal antibody ; fluidized bed ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A continuous centrifugal bioreactor (CCBR), developed to study the growth and productivity of dense suspensions cultures, has been applied to both fermentation and mammalian cell cultivation processes. With this approach, high-density nonflocculent cultures are maintained in a tapered fluidized bed by balancing the drag forces on the cells due to following substrate with the centrifugal forces. The Sysyem was first used to produce ethanol by fermentation with Saccharomyces cerevisiae; then with H21A1 mouse hybridoma cells secreting monoclonal antibody (MoAb), lgM. Results of this research show the feasibility of using the CCBR for both production of secreted products and as a research tool for studying cell metabolism and production kinetics. Media recycle may be used to modify the behavior of the system form a plug flow apparatus to a continuous stirred reactor (CSTR).
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260381011
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Shape selective catalysis in industrial applications By N. Y. Chen, William E. Garwood, and Francis G. Dwyer, Marcel Dekker, New York, 1989, 320 pp. $99.75 (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 310-310 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370223
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Managing qualitative simulation in knowledge-based chemical diagnosis (1991)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 37 (1991), S. 569-580 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Deep knowledge about process behaviors plays an important role in the diagnosis of chemical processes. Cause-and-effect reasoning using deep knowledge is useful especially for interacting malfunctions. This work explores the integration of deep knowledge into task-specific, knowledge-based architectures for resolving interacting multiple malfunctions and presents a novel methodology called diagnostically focused simulation (DFS). Invoked in an auxiliary manner, DFS uses deep knowledge and performs qualitative simulation in a highly constrained manner. The close integration with other problem solvers is an evolutionary approach to using qualitative simulation in diagnosis and manages a normally computationally-explosive procedure. Diagnostic results from the compiled problem solver provide a situation-specific assessment of the chemical process, identify possible malfunction scenarios, and focus on appropriate levels of process detail. DFS effectively demonstrates a balance between run-time simulation and compiled problem solving in diagnosis.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690370410
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plasmid maintenance and protein overproduction in selective recycle bioreactors (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biotechnology and Bioengineering 37 (1991), S. 325-333 
    Details
    ISSN: 0006-3592
    Keywords: segregation ; flocculation ; induction ; fermentations, continuous ; protein overproduction ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: A new plasmid construct has been used in conjunction with selective recycle to successfully maintain otherwise unstable plasmid-bearing E. coli cells in a continuous bioreactor and to produce significant amounts of the plasmid-encoded protein β-lactamase. The plasmid is constructed so that pilin expression, which leads to bacterial flocculation, is under control of the tac operon. The plasmid-bearing cells are induced to flocculate in the separator, whereas cell growth and product synthesis occur in the main fermentation vessel without the inhibiting effects of pilin production. Selective recycle allows for the maintenance of the plasmid-bearing cells by separating flocculent, plasmid-bearing cells from nonflocculent, segregant cells in an inclined settler, and recycling only the plasmid-bearing cells to the reactor. As a result, product expression levels are maintained that are more than ten times the level achieved without selective recycle. All experimental data agree well with theoretical predictions.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bit.260370406
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Statistical considerations in chromatographic separations (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 14 (1991), S. 501-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0935-6304
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240140802
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of crosslinking on the properties of poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate) hydrogels (1991)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 189 (1991), S. 195-205 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: 2-Hydroxyethyl-methacrylat wurde durch Initiierung mit γ-Strahlung in Masse mit zwei verschiedenen tetrafunktionellen Monomeren (Ethylenglycol-dimethacrylat und 1,2-Bis(acryloxymethyl)-tetramethyldisiloxan) und einem hexafunktionellen Monomeren (1,1,1-Trimethylolpropan-trimethacrylat) als Vernetzungsmittel copolymerisiert. Die erhaltenen Xerogele wurden anschließend mit Wasser bis zum Erreichen der Gleichgewichtsquellung behandelt. Um die drei Vernetzungsmittel vergleichen zu können, wurde unter Berücksichtigung von Molmasse und Funktionalität der Xerogele die theoretische Konzentration an Vernetzungsstellen zwischen 0,032 und 0,644 mol/l variiert. Die relative Hydrophobie der drei Vernetzungsmittel hat einen ausschlaggebenden Einfluß sowohl auf die Gleichgewichtsquellung als auch auf den Elastizitätsmodul der gequollenen Gele. Der Gehalt an nicht-einfrierbarem Wasser in mit 1,1,1-Trimethylol-propan-trimethacrylat vernetzten Gelen wurde anhand von DSC-Untersuchungen analysiert. Das Verhältnis von nicht-einfrierbarem zum Gesamtgehalt an Wasser in den Gelen nimmt mit steigender Vernetzungsdichte zu.
    Notes: By means of γ-irradiation 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate has been copolymerized in bulk with two different tetrafunctional monomers, ethylene glycol dimethacrylate and 1,3-bis(acryloxymethyl) tetramethyl disiloxane and with a hexafunctional monomer, 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate. The resultant xerogels were subsequently swollen to equilibrium in water. In order to allow a comparison among the three crosslinkers, their molar masses and funtionalities were taken into account, the theoretical crosslink concentrations being varied from 0.032 to 0.644 mol dm-3. The relative hydrophobicity of the three crosslinkers was found to have a significant effect on both the equilibrium swelling and elastic modulus of the swollen gels. Non-freezing water in several gels crosslinked with 1,1,1-trimethylolpropane trimethacrylate was analysed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC). The proportion of non-freezing water in the gel relative to the overall water content was found to increase with increasing crosslink density.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1991.051890118
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