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  • METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
  • 1985-1989  (37)
  • 1980-1984
  • 1970-1974
  • 1950-1954
  • 1988  (37)
  • 1
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    ER-2 lidar observations from the October 1986 fire cirrus experiment (1988)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A description of the ER-2 lidar data characteristics and available products, plus flight times and locations is presented for the FIRE cirrus experiment of October 13 through November 2, 1986. The CALS airborne lidar was flown for this experiment on the NASA ER-2 high altitude aircraft. The primary objectives of the CALS observations were to intensively measure cirrus cloud top height and structure for basic cirrus studies and for validation of satellite cloud retrievals.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: NASA-TM-100704 , NAS 1.15:100704
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Lidar observations of the fine-scale variability of marine stratocumulus clouds (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: An Nd:YAG lidar system was flown aboard NASA's ER-2 high altitude aircraft. Observations of cloud top height were made with 70 m along-track and 7.5 m vertical-height resolution. The lidar data observed from an East Pacific stratocumulus cloud height deck revealed large cloud variability on 1-5 km scales. The cloud deck sloped upward from 700 to 1000 m in a northeast-southwest direction over a distance of 120 km. Vertical cloud top distributions were negatively skewed indicating flat-topped clouds. The dominant spectral peak of the cloud top variations was found at 4.5 km, which is 5 to 7 times the depth of the local boundary layer. No other peaks were significant in the average spectrum. The cloud layer was stable with respect to cloud top entrainment instability. The southwestern region of the study area was more prone to shear instability at cloud top than the northeastern region. The results of this study show that a lidar system is ideal to provide the topography of clouds and local boundary layer depth. This information is useful in the study of cloud top radiation and parameterization of clouds in numerical models.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Applied Meteorology (ISSN 0894-8763); 27; 797-810
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 3
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    Cloud liquid water derived from lidar observations (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Optical Society of America, Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques. Technical Digest Series, Volume 18; p 147-150
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  • 4
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    High altitude lidar observations of marine stratocumulus clouds (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-01-25
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Optical Society of America, Topical Meeting on Laser and Optical Remote Sensing: Instrumentation and Techniques. Technical Digest Series, Volume 18; p 84-87
    Format: text
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  • 5
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    On the microphysics of microbursts (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The effects on microbursts of precipitation loading, and cooling of the downdraft due to graupel/hail melting and rain evaporation, were studied, using numerical models. The results for the microburst index indicate a low value for the weak microburst and a higher value for the strong microburst. The relative magnitude of the various terms indicate the importance of the microphysical processes. For the dry microburst the evaporation and loading effects are comparable (1.56 and 1.75 respectively) but 5 to 6 times the magnitude of the melting effect. For a wet, tropical microburst, the loading and melting terms are most important. The intermediate Denver case shows loading as the largest term, followed by evaporation and melting.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Deutscher Wetterdienst, Annals from the German Meteorological Society. No. 25: 10th International Cloud Physics Conference Preprints, Volume 2; p 675-677
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    A study of the stratospheric final warming of 1982 in the Southern Hemisphere (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: Data obtained from stratospheric sounding units on board the NOAA-6 satellite were used to investigate the three-dimensional evolution of the final warming that takes place in the stratosphere of the Southern Hemisphere during spring, with particular attention given to the events of spring 1982. Evidence is presented for a strong influence of the topography of the Southern Hemisphere on the evolution of the final warming. An association was found between the location of anticylones in the upper stratosphere, warm pools of air in the lower stratosphere, and a climatological split of the westerly jet stream in the upper troposphere.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Royal Meteorological Society, Quarterly Journal (ISSN 0035-9009); 114; 1365-138
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  • 7
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    VHF radar remote sensing of atmospheric parameters over Taiwan during the time period of Typhoon Wayne (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The VHF radar located at the subtropical and low latitude observing site of Taiwan has been used to observe atmospheric parameters from the troposphere to the middle atmosphere during the time passage of Typhoon Wayne in August 1986. Time-dependent wind velocities with three-dimensional profiles have been plotted by processing the recorded data of the backscattered echo power and the Doppler spectral width of the signal returns from the VHF radar. Propagation characteristics of the gravity waves excited by the enhanced convective motions of Typhoon Wayne have been detected from the Fourier power spectrum analysis of the three-dimensional wind velocities from multiple beams of the VHF radar and their cross-correlation analysis. The density perturbations caused by the propagation of the gravity waves can be calculated from the VHF radar observations. The VHF radar can also be used to detect time-dependent vertical profiles of the liquid water content. The present study shows that the equivalent rainfall rate calculated from the VHF radar is in good agreement with the ground-based measurement of rainfall rate at the same area.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: International Journal of Remote Sensing (ISSN 0143-1161); 9; 477-493
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  • 8
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    A predictive monsoon signal in the surface level thermal field over India (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-12
    Description: The mean monthly surface thermal field over India during the premonsoon months March-May, based on mean monthly-temperature/minimum-temperature/maximum-temperature data from the network of 119 stations, was examined with the objective of locating significant predictor parameters for forecasting Indian monsoon rainfall. The results of linear correlation analysis bring out three areas for which the relationships between Indian monsoon rainfalls and the area average of mean monthly minimum temperature for April or for May were found to be significant. The best correlation was found for the southern peninsular area, where the mean May minimum temperature is significantly related to the 500 mB April ridge, a tendency in the Southern Oscillation Index, and a tendency in eastern equatorial Pacific SST.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Monthly Weather Review (ISSN 0027-0644); 116; 256-264
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  • 9
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    First-guess dependence of a physically based set of temperature-humidity retrievals from HIRS2/MSU data (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: The first-guess dependence of temperature and humidity fields retrieved from HIRS2/MSU data using the GLA (Goddard Laboratory for Atmospheres) physically based retrieval scheme is examined. Retrievals were performed over the ALPEX region for two successive synoptic periods, 1200 UTC March 4 and 00000 UTC March 5, 1982, using three different initial guesses for each period. Results show rather low first-guess dependence for the thickness fields and larger first-guess dependence for the precipitable water fields, especially close to the surface. The humidity retrieval algorithm used is described. The processing system has the property of maintaining the accuracy of a good guess and improving a poor one for both thickness and precipitable water at all levels.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology (ISSN 0739-0572); 5; 70-83
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  • 10
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    The GISS global climate-middle atmosphere model. I - Model structure and climatology (1988)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-19
    Description: A coupled global climate/middle atmosphere model (GCMAM) is developed by extending the Hansen et al. (1983) GISS global climate model to include the middle atmosphere up to 85 km. The model includes numerical solutions of the primitive equations, calculations of the radiative and surface fluxes, and a complete hydrologic cycle with convective and cloud-cover parameterizations. In addition, a parameterized gravity wave drag cycle is incorporated, in which gravity-wave momentum fluxes due to flow over topography, wind shear, and convection are calculated at each grid box, using theoretical relationships between the grid-scale variables and expected source strengths. The results of the GCMAM demonstrate that the model produces a reasonable simulation of the stratosphere. It is shown that the improvements over the previous version were achieved largely through the incorporation of the parameterized gravity wave drag.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences (ISSN 0022-4928); 45; 329-370
    Format: text
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