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  • Springer  (19)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)  (3)
  • Oxford University Press  (3)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 2015-2019
  • 1985-1989  (25)
  • 1986  (25)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mono and dinuclear copper(II) complexes of 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1, 3,5-triazine and halide or pseudohalide ions: Synthesis and spectral studies (1986)
    Springer
    Transition metal chemistry 11 (1986), S. 485-488 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-901X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary By inhibiting the copper(II) assisted TPT (TPT = 2,4,6-tris(2-pyridyl)-1,3,5-triazine) hydrolysis, monomeric and dimeric copper(II) complexes having as general formulae Cu(TPT)X, · nH2O (X = Cl, Br, NCS, NCO or N3) and [Cu(TPT)X]2(PF6)2 · nH2O (X = Cl, Br, NCS or N3) have been synthesized and characterized by i.r., electronic and e.p.r. spectra, x-ray powder diffraction and analytical data. Spectroscopic results indicate five-coordinate geometry around the copper(II) ion, intermediate between trigonal-bipyramid and square-pyramid structures. The half-field absorption in the ΔMS = 2 region of powdered X-band e.p.r. spectra has been observed for the dimeric species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01386884
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructurally engineered, optically transmissive, electrically conductive metal films (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 60 (1986), S. 3028-3034 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Using standard multilayer and effective medium models, we determine microstructures that optimize the near-IR-visible normal-incidence optical transmittance of electrically conducting metal films intended for use as semitransparent contacts for semiconductor devices such as photodetectors or photoelectrochemical converters. Various conditions are considered, including unpolarized and linearly polarized light and electrical conduction both parallel and perpendicular to the surface. For linearly polarized light, the optimum microstructure consists of parallel metal lines of nominally square cross section oriented perpendicular to the polarization vector of the incident light, regardless of the direction of electrical conduction. The line separation and cross-sectional dimensions must both be small compared to the wavelength λ. For unpolarized radiation, the optimum microstructure depends on the direction of electrical conduction. For conduction parallel to the surface, the optimum microstructure again consists of parallel lines with the lines oriented perpendicular to the residual linear polarization, if any, of the incident flux. For conduction perpendicular to the surface, the optimum microstructure consists of cylindrical metal posts of dimension small compared to λ. Expressions are derived that allow the thicknesses and refractive indices of protective antireflection coatings to be calculated to first order in the thicknesses of the metal films. The more general case of antireflection coatings for anisotropic structures is briefly discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.337757
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The spectrum of highly ionized praseodymium and dysprosium from the Texas tokamak plasma in the 50–250-A(ring) range (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 59 (1986), S. 3644-3649 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Spectra of highly ionized praseodymium and dysprosium recorded from the Texas tokamak (TEXT) plasma have been analyzed in the 50–250-A(ring) range. The spectra contain high-intensity continuum bands in the region below 100 A(ring) and bright individual lines above this wavelength. Lines of highly ionized praseodymium and dysprosium have been identified. The highest ionization state reached in the 1-keV central electron temperature tokamak plasma was Cu i-like Pr xxxi. The composition of the bands is explained in terms of a new theoretical approach developed to treat large unresolved transition arrays. The brightness of the continuum is compared with that of intense spectral lines emitted in the same wavelength range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.336744
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New imaging bandpass electron energy analyzer (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1494-1500 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An electron energy analyzer which acts as a bandpass filter while maintaining the spatial integrity of an electron image in a uniform magnetic field is described. It embodies some new electron-optical properties. Image electrons injected parallel to the magnetic field are guided, using crossed electrostatic and magnetic fields, to a low-pass electron mirror and then through a high-pass retardation filter. Nonuniform electrostatic deflection fields are used to compensate for the energy-dependent dispersion of the crossed fields. A simple computer modeling method used to design the electrostatic fields is described. A test analyzer was constructed to operate in a 0.0125-T (125 G) uniform magnetic field to investigate its properties. Bandpass filtered images of an 18-eV electron source demonstrating the removal of energy-dependent dispersion and the narrowing of the bandwidth to 100 meV are presented. Another application of the analyzer, to obtain an energy spectrum from a spatially extended electron source, is demonstrated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138574
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental Goal Regression: A Method for Learning Problem-Solving Heuristics (1986)
    Springer
    Machine learning 1 (1986), S. 249-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: goal regression ; problem solving heuristics ; example generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This research examines the process of learning problem solving with minimal requirements for a priori knowledge and teacher involvement. Experience indicates that knowledge about the problem solving task can be used to improve problem solving performance. This research addresses the issues of what knowledge is useful, how it is applied during problem solving, and how it can be acquired. For each operator used in the problem solving domain, knowledge is incrementally learned concerning why it is useful, when it is applicable, and what transformation it performs. The method of experimental goal regression is introduced for improving the learning rate by approximating the results of analytic learning. The ideas are formalized in an algorithm for learning and problem solving and demonstrated with examples from the domains of simultaneous linear equations and symbolic integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1022806513480
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Experimental goal regression: A method for learning problem-solving heuristics (1986)
    Springer
    Machine learning 1 (1986), S. 249-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 0885-6125
    Keywords: goal regression ; problem solving heuristics ; example generation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science
    Notes: Abstract This research examines the process of learning problem solving with minimal requirements for a priori knowledge and teacher involvement. Experience indicates that knowledge about the problem solving task can be used to improve problem solving performance. This research addresses the issues of what knowledge is useful, how it is applied during problem solving, and how it can be acquired. For each operator used in the problem solving domain, knowledge is incrementally learned concerning why it is useful, when it is applicable, and what transformation it performs. The method of experimental goal regression is introduced for improving the learning rate by approximating the results of analytic learning. The ideas are formalized in an algorithm for learning and problem solving and demonstrated with examples from the domains of simultaneous linear equations and symbolic integration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116893
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Purification and properties of some less common allotypes of the fourth component of human complement (1986)
    Springer
    Immunogenetics 24 (1986), S. 279-285 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Human complement component C4 is coded by two genes situated between HLA-D and HLA-B. Both genes are highly polymorphic; C4-A gene products normally carry the blood group antigen Rodgers and C4-B proteins usually carry the Chido antigen. Using a monoclonal antibody which binds Rodgers-positive and Chido-positive proteins with different affinities, we have purified a number of less common C4 allotypes and compared their properties. All C4-B allotypes tested have similar specific hemolytic activities and binding efficiencies to small molecules. All C4-A proteins tested had similar binding to small molecules and hemolytic activities except for the C4-A6 proteins from two individuals with different extended haplotypes, both of which had identical hemolytic activities and much lower ones than other C4-A allotypes. Two allotypes, C4 Al, Rodgers-negative but Chido-positive, and C4-B5, Chido-negative but probably Rodgers-positive, were found to behave as typical C4A and C4-B proteins, respectively, apart from the switch in their antigenic properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00395532
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Orientation in poly(ethylene terephthalate) drawn by solid state coextrusion (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 803-809 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The development of uniaxial orientation by solid-state extrusion at 60 to 90° C has been evaluated for both the amorphous and crystalline components of a polyethylene terephthalate). Analyses involved X-ray diffraction, birefringence and visable dichroism. The dichroism was evalulated from a host dye molecule. The initial PET film for draw was amorphous and isotropic. Orientation functions for the amorphous and the developed crystalline phases are reported at a series of draw ratios up to 4.4.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01117358
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High temperature mechanical properties of single phase alumina (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 21 (1986), S. 705-710 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The creep properties of a commercial, single phase aIurnina have been determined in the temperature range of 1623 to 1723 K. The stress exponent,n, in the relationship ɛ ∝ σ n was determined to be 1.9 and the true activation energy was found to be 635 kJ mol−1. Normal primary stage creep transients were observed up to strains of 1%. At low stresses, steady-state conditions were not obtained due to the occurrence of concurrent grain growth. It is shown that the steady state creep results are consistent with the occurrence of an interface controlled diffusionaI creep mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01145544
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Volume and surface changes of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in crayfish retinula cells upon light- and dark-adaptation (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 159 (1986), S. 667-674 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Adaptation to light and darkness involves major transformations of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER) in the retinula cells of the crayfish and other invertebrates, the mechanisms of which are unknown. This paper presents measurements of SER stereological parameters at three levels along the main axis of light-adapted and dark-adapted retinula cells of the crayfish. Both the volume density and the surface density of SER in the perinuclear region of dark-adapted cells are more than double the values found in light-adapted cells. This relationship is inverted in the axoplasm above and below the basement membrane, where SER volume and surface in dark-adapted cells are approximately half of the quantities measured in light-adapted cells. Although this proportional correspondence between changes in separate regions of the cells might suggest merely an intracellular shifting of SER membrane, calculation of the approximate absolute amounts of membrane involved makes this possibility very unlikely. It is concluded that the vast increase of SER in the perinuclear region of dark-adapted cells implies a large input of membrane, which is subsequently removed during light-adaptation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00612039
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