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  • ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
  • 1990-1994
  • 1980-1984  (43)
  • 1930-1934
  • 1983  (43)
  • 1
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    Systems approach to walk-off problems for dish-type solar thermal power systems (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: 'Walk-off' in a dish-type solar thermal power system is a failure situation in which the concentrator remains fixed while the spot of concentrated sunlight slowly moves across the face of the receiver. The intense local heating may damage the receiver and nearby equipment. Passive protection has advantages in minimizing damage, but in a fully passive design the receiver must be able to withstand full solar input with no forced fluid circulation during the walk-off. An active walk-off emergency subsystem may include an emergency detrack or defocus mechanism or sun-blocking device, emergency power, sensors and logic to detect the emergency and initiate protective action, and cooling or passive protection of emergency and non-emergency components. Each of these elements is discussed and evaluated in the paper.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 2
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    High temperature glass thermal control structure and coating (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A high temperature stable and solar radiation stable thermal control coating is described which is useful either as such, applied directly to a member to be protected, or applied as a coating on a re-usable surface insulation (RSI). It has a base coat layer and an overlay glass layer. The base coat layer has a high emittance, and the overlay layer is formed from discrete, but sintered together glass particles to give the overlay layer a high scattering coefficient. The resulting two-layer space and thermal control coating has an absorptivity-to-emissivity ratio of less than or equal to 0.4 at room temperature, with an emittance of 0.8 at 1200 F. It is capable of exposure to either solar radiation or temperatures as high as 2000 F without significant degradation. When used as a coating on a silica substrate to give an RSI structure, the coatings of this invention show significantly less reduction in emittance after long term convective heating and less residual strain than prior art coatings for RSI structures.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 3
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    Critical research and advanced technology (CRT) support project (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A critical technology base for utility and industrial gas turbines by planning the use of coal-derived fuels was studied. Development tasks were included in the following areas: (1) Combustion - investigate the combustion of coal-derived fuels and methods to minimize the conversion of fuel-bound nitrogen to NOx; (2) materials - understand and minimize hot corrosion; (3) system studies - integrate and focus the technological efforts. A literature survey of coal-derived fuels was completed and a NOx emissions model was developed. Flametube tests of a two-stage (rich-lean) combustor defined optimum equivalence ratios for minimizing NOx emissions. Sector combustor tests demonstrated variable air control to optimize equivalence ratios over a wide load range and steam cooling of the primary zone liner. The catalytic combustion of coal-derived fuels was demonstrated. The combustion of coal-derived gases is very promising. A hot-corrosion life prediction model was formulated and verified with laboratory testing of doped fuels. Fuel additives to control sulfur corrosion were studied. The intermittent application of barium proved effective. Advanced thermal barrier coatings were developed and tested. Coating failure modes were identified and new material formulations and fabrication parameters were specified. System studies in support of the thermal barrier coating development were accomplished.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-TM-83019 , E-1455 , DOE/NASA/10350-35 , NAS 1.15:83019
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  • 4
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    Development of a Polysilicon Process Based on Chemical Vapor Deposition of Dichlorosilane in an Advanced Siemen's Reactor (1983)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Dichlorosilane (DCS) was used as the feedstock for an advanced decomposition reactor for silicon production. The advanced reactor had a cool bell jar wall temperature, 300 C, when compared to Siemen's reactors previously used for DCS decomposition. Previous reactors had bell jar wall temperatures of approximately 750 C. The cooler wall temperature allows higher DCS flow rates and concentrations. A silicon deposition rate of 2.28 gm/hr-cm was achieved with power consumption of 59 kWh/kg. Interpretation of data suggests that a 2.8 gm/hr-cm deposition rate is possible. Screening of lower cost materials of construction was done as a separate program segment. Stainless Steel (304 and 316), Hastalloy B, Monel 400 and 1010-Carbon Steel were placed individually in an experimental scale reactor. Silicon was deposited from trichlorosilane feedstock. The resultant silicon was analyzed for electrically active and metallic impurities as well as carbon. No material contributed significant amounts of electrically active or metallic impurities, but all contributed carbon.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: NASA-CR-174445 , DOE/JPL-955533-83/08 , JPL-9950-965 , JPL-MOD-15 , NAS 1.26:174445
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  • 5
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    Sheet silicon cell/module technology (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The cost involved in the performance of the standard operations for the manufacture of silicon wafers is insignificant in the case of space photovoltaics applications. It is, however, a decisive factor with respect to terrestrial applications of silicon photovoltaic devices. In 1975, a program was, therefore, begun to develop low cost silicon solar arrays for terrestrial applications. The goal was silicon-based photovoltaic (PV) modules ready for installation at a selling price of $0.50/watt (1975 dollars). Sheet and ribbon silicon growth held out the promise of reduced cost through continuous operation, high material throughput, high material utilization efficiency, and a product whose shape lent itself to the assembly of high packing density modules. Attention is given to ribbon growth technologies, sheet technology generic problems, and ribbon cell and module technology status. It is concluded that the potential for crystalline ribbon silicon appears to be better today than ever before.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
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  • 6
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    Efficient computerized model for dynamic analysis of energy conversion systems (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: In searching for the optimum parameters that minimize the total life cycle cost of an energy conversion system, various combinations of components are examined and the resulting system performance and associated economics are studied. The systems performance and economics simulation computer program (SPECS) was developed to fill this need. The program simulates the fluid flow, thermal, and electrical characteristics of a system of components on a quasi-steady state basis for a variety of energy conversion systems. A unique approach is used in which the set of characteristic equations is solved by the Newton-Raphson technique. This approach eliminates the tedious iterative loops which are found in comparable programs such as TRNSYS or SOLTES-1. Several efficient features were also incorporated such as the centralized control and energy management scheme, and analogous treatment of energy flow in electrical and mechanical components, and the modeling of components of similar fundamental characteristics using generic subroutines. Initial tests indicate that this model can be used effectively with a relatively small number of time steps and low computer cost.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: The Telecommun. and Data Acquisition Rept.; p 161-176
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  • 7
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    Whirl flutter analysis of a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a two-bladed teetering rotor (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Whirl flutter and the effect of pitch-flap coupling on teetering motion of a wind turbine were investigated. The equations of motion are derived for an idealized five-degree-of-freedom mathematical model of a horizontal-axis wind turbine with a two-bladed teetering rotor. The model accounts for the out-of-plane bending motion of each blade, the teetering motion of the rotor, and both the pitching and yawing motions of the rotor support. Results show that the design is free from whirl flutter. Selected results are presented indicating the effect of variations in rotor support damping, rotor support stiffness, and pitch-flap coupling on pitching, yawing, teetering, and blade bending motions. Previously announced in STAR as N82-23707
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Solar Energy (ISSN 0038-092X); 31; 2, 19; 1983
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  • 8
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    Dish concentrators for solar thermal energy (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Previously cited in issue 03, p. 397, Accession no. A82-14001
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: (ISSN 0146-0412)
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  • 9
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    Correlation of solar cell electrical properties with material characteristics of silicon cast by the ubiquitous crystallization process (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Solar cells were fabricated using a conservative 'baseline' process on 1-3 Omega-cm p-type silicon from ingots cast by the ubiquitous crystallization process. Conversion efficiencies of the cells were measured, as well as spectral response and minority carrier diffusion length. Adjacent slices from the same ingot were studied for their grain size, dislocation distribution, and impurity distribution. Cell performance was related to the observed structural features, as well as to the chemical structure of the ingot.
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Electrochemical Society, Journal (ISSN 0013-4651); 130; June 198
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  • 10
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    Optimization of dish solar collectors (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: Methods for optimizing parabolic dish solar collectors and the consequent effects of various optical, thermal, mechanical, and cost variables are examined. The most important performance optimization is adjusting the receiver aperture to maximize collector efficiency. Other parameters that can be adjusted to optimize efficiency include focal length, and, if a heat engine is used, the receiver temperature. The efficiency maxima associated with focal length and receiver temperature are relatively broad; it may, accordingly, be desirable to design somewhat away from the maxima. Performance optimization is sensitive to the slope and specularity errors of the concentrator. Other optical and thermal variables affecting optimization are the reflectance and blocking factor of the concentrator, the absorptance and losses of the receiver, and, if a heat engine is used, the shape of the engine efficiency versus temperature curve. Performance may sometimes be improved by use of an additional optical element (a secondary concentrator) or a receiver window if the errors of the primary concentrator are large or the receiver temperature is high. Previously announced in STAR as N83-19224
    Keywords: ENERGY PRODUCTION AND CONVERSION
    Type: Journal of Energy (ISSN 0146-0412); 7; 684-694
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