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  • 1
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    Reusable surface insulation materials research and development (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-11-30
    Description: Reusable surface insulation is considered a prime candidate for heat shielding large areas of the space shuttle vehicle. The composition and fabrication of RSI materials are discussed, followed by evolution of RSI and current problems, physical and thermal properties, arc plasma test data and results, and material improvement research. Finally, a summary of RSI technology status is presented.
    Keywords: THERMODYNAMICS AND COMBUSTION
    Type: NASA Space Shuttle Technol. Conf.; p 373-433
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Fibrous ceramic insulation (1982)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-04-12
    Description: Some of the reusable heat shielding materials used to protect the Space Shuttles, their manufacturing processes, properties, and applications are discussed. Emphases is upon ceramic materials. Space Shuttle Orbiter tiles are discussed.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Type: NASA. Langley Research Center Advan. Mater. Technol.; p 261-274
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  • 3
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    Thermal and mechanical properties of advanced, high temperature ceramic-composite insulation (1983)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: It is found that the mechanical properties of fibrous refractory composite insulation (FRCI) can be improved if a higher calcination temperature is used before final processing. The results also reveal that a higher density FRCI containing 60 wt pct aluminoborosilicate fibers will exhibit minimal surface recession at 1480 C in a convective-heating environment. Another finding is that the material performance in the convective-heating environment is limited by the coating and the temperature capability of its emittance agent. A table is included giving the coating compositions used with the composite insulation and tested in the convectively heated environment at a surface temperature of 1480 C.
    Keywords: COMPOSITE MATERIALS
    Type: Ceramic Engineering and Science Proceedings (ISSN 0196-6219); 4; 551-563
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 4
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    Ablative thermal protection at low heating rates (1969)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Ablative materials for thermal protection at low convective heating rates, comparing foam and state-of-art materials performance
    Keywords: MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC
    Type: ; STITUTION OF ENGINEE
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 5
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    Opacified silica reusable surface insulation /RSI/ for thermal protection of the Space Shuttle Orbiter (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A reusable surface insulation (RSI) material adopted for use on limited areas of the Orbiter's heat shield is described. The RSI is a rigid sintered fibrous silica material containing about 3% by weight of 1200-grit silicon carbide powder. RSI manufacture is described; strength characteristics and thermal conductivity of the final product can be tailored by controlling the isotropy, and the density, coefficient of thermal expansion, and specific heat are reported. Data establishing that opacification of RSI with silicon carbide lowers the thermal conductivity are presented.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Developments in fibrous refractory composite insulation (1980)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-18
    Description: The development of a new insulation material for heat-shielding advanced reusable entry vehicles is reported. The material, called fibrous refractory composite insulation, is a composite of two ceramic fibers with no additional additives to bond the fibers together; it also includes silicon carbide, an emmittance agent, to improve its optical properties at high temperature. One fiber is a drawn 11-micron-diameter aluminoborosilicate fiber, the other fiber is the silica fiber (microquartz) used in producing silica RSI (reusable surface insulation for the Space Shuttle), which is a blown fiber of 1-3 micron diameter and variable length. A composition containing 20%, with a thermal shock resistance of 1.8 that of all silica insulation, has been successfully produced in a pilot plant.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Opacified silica reusable surface insulation /RSI/ for thermal protection of the Space Shuttle Orbiter (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: The present paper deals with a second-generation reusable surface insulation (RSI) material, termed LI-2200, which has been chosen for use on limited areas of the Orbiter heat shield. It is a rigid sintered fibrous silica containing about 3% by weight 1200 grit silicon carbide powder, capable of surviving multiple reentries at temperatures on the order of 1400 C. The lower thermal conductivity achieved by opacification with silicon carbide is demonstrated by radiant transmission measurements and thermal response tests.
    Keywords: NONMETALLIC MATERIALS
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  • 8
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    Silica Reusable Surface Insulation Improvement Research (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-09
    Description: Fiber characterization, fabrication processes, physical properties, and thermal responses are investigated to improve silica reusable surface insulation tiles. Criteria for fiber selection on the basis of chemical composition, shrinkage, and devitrification have been defined and a simple process for fabricating silica surface insulation materials has been developed that produces only 5% shrinkage and no devitrification of tiles at 1533 K in ten hours. Anisotropic tile with improved weak direction strength has been fabricated using conventional molding techniques.
    Keywords: MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC
    Type: Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 1; p 155-196
    Format: text
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    NASA TECHNICAL REPORTS
  • 9
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    Chemical and morphological changes of reusable surface insulation coatings as a function of convectively heated cyclic testing (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-07
    Description: The effects of convective heating upon reusable surface insulation coatings were studied utilizing scanning electron microscopy, X-ray fluorescence, and X-ray diffraction. Samples of coated silica, mullite, and ceramic mullite fiber were cycled in an arc plasma stream up to 15 times for 15 minutes per cycle at surface temperatures simulating those on the space shuttle vehicle. The surfaces of ceramic mullite fiber and mullite coatings were roughened substantially by the convectively heated environment while the silica was significantly smoothed after testing. Scanning electron microscopy also showed surface cracking of varying degrees in all of the coatings. The surface chemistry of the coatings as examined by X-ray fluorescence revealed that significant changes in composition were occurring during cycling, particularly within the mullite coating.
    Keywords: MATERIALS, NONMETALLIC
    Type: Symp. on Reusable Surface Insulation for Space Shuttle, Vol. 2; p 851-894
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Aerobraking technology for manned space transportation systems (1992)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The paper discusses aerobraking technology for manned missions to Mars. Special attention is given to the human and technical parameters that strongly affect the design of aerobrakes and the aerothermodynamic environment which will be encountered during atmospheric passage to Mars, and to the thermal protection technology for aerobrakes, including some recent developments in ablative thermal protection materials. Some results of tests are presented, and recommendations are made for future technology developments in aerobraking.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: IAF PAPER 92-0764
    Format: text
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