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  • Wiley-Blackwell  (11)
  • Oxford University Press  (3)
  • American Institute of Physics (AIP)
  • American Chemical Society (ACS)
  • 1980-1984  (14)
  • 1955-1959
  • 1981  (14)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Push-pull extrusion: A new approach for the solid-state deformation illustrated with high density polyethylene (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 1309-1326 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The crystalline state deformation of high density polyethylene has been examined at an extrusion draw ratio of 30 over a range of temperatures and pressures. The experiments involve combined pushing (extrusion) and pulling through a conical die. The pressure dependence of the extrusion rate through conical dies is given by a logarithmic relation and the temperature dependence by an activation energy of ∼95 kcal/mole. An equation established for the total applied force linearly relates the pulling and extrusion pressure components and represents a force balance at the die entrance and exit. Steady-state extrusion, with or without pulling, was feasible in a pressure range beyond which fractures occurred owing to strain rate and shear or tensile failure. Under some circumstances the extrusion rate was increased by ten times. The mechanical properties and mode of deformation were not affected by pull load and fibers with a tensile modulus of 55 GPa were produced at T 〈 110°C.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260423
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultradrawing and crystallization of isotactic polystyrene and blends with atactic polystyrene (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2373-2379 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Pure isotactic polystyrene (iPS, Mw = 8.89 × 104, Mw/Mn = 4.89) and its blends with an atactic polystyrene (aPS, Mw = 3.9 × 105, Mw/Mn 〈 1.13) were subjected to draw by solid state coextrusion at 127°C within polyethylene. The content of amorphous iPS in these blends was varied from 100 to 24.4 wt %. The extent of draw-induced crystallization was found to depend on the draw ratio and on iPS concentration. The blend with 24.4% iPS was coextruded in two stages. The highest effective draw ratio (EDR) was 7.6 and 13.7 for one- and two-stage draw, respectively. The highest crystallinity of 33.2% was obtained for pure iPS at the maximum EDR of 7.6. Considerable crystallinity was induced in blends, requiring successively higher draw ratio to reach similar crystallinity with increased aPS content. The tensile modulus increased from 1.5 to 3.2 GPa, independent of iPS concentration. Thermal shrinkage results indicate that the elastic recovery of draw in the blends is near quantitative for an EDR 〈 8. For pure iPS, extrudate elastic recovery was dramatically altered by the draw-induced crystallinity.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260723
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultradrawing of polystyrene by solid-state coextrusion: Shear-induced crystallization in isotactic polystyrene (1981)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 26 (1981), S. 2841-2851 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polystyrene with a 60% isotactic dyad content (iPS) was subjected to two-stage solid-state coextrusion at 124 and 160°C. It was shown that only shear-induced crystallization occurred with the amount of crystallinity strongly dependent on draw ratio. The steep increase in crystallinity from 0 to 29% is accompanied by a marked increase in the absolute total birefringence from 0 to 30 × 10-3 and the tensile properties, from 2.5 GPa to 4.5 GPa, giving strong evidence for the necessity of a crystalline phase to achieve higher tensile moduli. Wide-angle X-ray scattering showed a higher crystal orientation for the extrudate produced at 124°C than for the one produced at 160°C. Thermal shrinkage experiments support a partial dissipation of orientation after extrusion at 160°C and on reextrusion in general. Electron microscopy revealed a fibrous nature for the solid-state coextrudates produced at both temperatures.
    Additional Material: 10 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1981.070260903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The dependence of collision induced fragmentation pattern on the internal energy of the precursor ion (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A Method is presented whereby product organic ions formed as the result of fragmentation of metastable ions can be selected on the basis of their internal energies. The method requires requires angular collimation of the beam of reactant ions issuing from the ion source and that the fragmentation of the metastable ions is studied in the first field free region of a reversed geometry double focusing mass spectrometer. The product ions that make up the metastable peak are allowed to fall on the intermediate resolving slit and, by adjusting the magnet current over a small range, ions contained in different regions of the peak can be allowed into the second field free region. It is shown that the position of an ion within the metastable peak correlates with its internal energy, ions near the edges of the peak being the least excited. The ions entering the second field free region can be investigated by collisional activation. This has been done for molecular ions of p-chlorophenol, methylbenzoate, benzaldehyde, m-chlorotoluene and n-butane. The in which the collision induced fragmentation pattern varies with internal energy of the ions is illustrated.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210160203
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of consecutive reactions of quinones in a reversed geometry mass spectrometer (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 312-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Consecutive reactions involving the ejection of molecules of carbon monoxide from quinone systems have been studied. Using a reversed geometry double focusing mass spectrometer, the individual steps of a consecutive reaction may be separated into different field free regions. The structure of ions formed in the ion source may be compared with those formed from the fragmentation of metastable ions in a field free region by studying differences in the pattern of translational energies released when they break. In the case of anthraquinone it is found that two structures exist for the [M—CO]+· ion. Critical energy measurements strengthen this argument. Furthermore, 18O labelling has been used to distinguish between the loss of carbon monoxide from different positions on the molecular ion of 1-hydroxyanthraquinone.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210160710
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Charge stripping reactions of ions formed from methane, ammonia, water and hydrogen sulphide by protonation and by electron impact (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 454-458 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: The minimum energy, Qmin, necessary to convert an ion m1+ to a doubly charged ion m12+ is obtained for 19 different ions from methane, ammonia, water and hydrogen sulphide by charge stripping using nitrogen collision gas. The ions studied include the [MH]+ ions formed by chemical ionization in a high pressure source. Stable m12+ ions could not be formed in the case of [NH4]+, [NH]+·, [H2O]+· and [OH]+. Even in these cases the value of Qmin could be estimated by studying the fragments formed from the unstable m2+ ions. In several cases, the energy required to form m12+ ions is less than the literature value for the ionization energy of m1+. This is discussed in terms of the possibility of the presence of excited states of m1+ in the present experiments.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210161008
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new linked scan for reversed geometry mass spectrometers (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 490-494 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: A new linked scan is described by which fragmentations occurring in the second field free region of a two sector instrument can be monitored. The scan can be used only if the first stage allows selection of ions according to their masses. The magnetic sector and electric sector are scanned in unison so that the product B2E is maintained constant. A spectrum of all parents of a preselected daughter ion is obtained and the resolution depends only on the mass resolution of the magnetic sector.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210161104
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-shear viscometry of polymer solutionsPaper presented at the 50th Golden Jubilee Meeting of the American Society of Rheology, Boston, October 29-November 2, 1979. (1981)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Physics Edition 19 (1981), S. 1173-1176 
    Details
    ISSN: 0098-1273
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1981.180190717
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The modern mass spectrometer - a complete chemical laboratory (1981)
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Biological Mass Spectrometry 16 (1981), S. 101-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 0030-493X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Using nitrobenzene as an example, various ways in which a contemporary mass spectrometer can be utilized to yield a wealth of information about the compound studied are reviewed. Applying a variety of different techniques and procedures, in addition to the conventional low resolution mass spectrum, the following nitrobenzene spectra have been obtained: collision induced dissociation mass spectrum, mass analysed ion kinetic energy spectra, collision induced dissociation mass analysed ion kinetic energy spectra, spectra obtained at constant B/E, spectra obtained at constant B2/E, high voltage scans of metastable ion fragmentation processes, consecutive fragmentations in different field free regions, charge exchange mass spectra, charge stripping mass spectra, doubly charged ion mass spectra, chemical ionization mass spectra, negative ion mass spectra, negative ion mass analysed ion kinetic energy spectra, negative ion mass analysed ion kinetic energy collision induced dissociation spectra, charge inversion spectra, etc. The complementary types of information available from the above studies are discussed to show the unique versatility of mass spectrometry as a technique for the examination of organic compounds.
    Additional Material: 32 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210160302
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A study of the structural integrity of graphite composite structure subjected to low velocity impactPresented at the 35th Annual Technical Conference, 1980 Reinforced Plastics/Composites Institute, the Society of the Plastics Industry, Inc. (1981)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 21 (1981), S. 493-498 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: An analysis for the transient deflections, bending strains, and interlaminar shear stresses in a simply supported laminated composite plate subject to low velocity impact has been obtained using a series solution of the plate governing equations. Results are presented showing the effect of plate geometry and impact location on damage mode. Computed stresses and strain are compared with impact test data to verify, the analysis.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760210809
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