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  • Life and Medical Sciences  (38)
  • ASTROPHYSICS
  • Wiley-Blackwell  (38)
  • 1980-1984  (38)
  • 1980  (38)
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Intracellular concentration of elements in normal and dystrophic skeletal muscles of the chicken (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 103 (1980), S. 193-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: In this study, the intracellular concentrations of six elements (mmole/kg dry weight) were directly measured in the muscle fibers of pectoralis major muscles of eight week old, genetically dystrophic and normal chickens by the X-ray microanalysis technique. The extent of muscle degeneration was evaluated by morphometric measurements of muscle fiber diameter and other histological changes. A significant increase in the concentration of intracellular sodium and chlorine was evident in dystrophic muscles. The concentration of intracellular sodium was 127.0 ± 35.0 in the muscle fibers of dystrophic chicks compared to 65.7 ± 16.5 in normal controls. The concentration of chlorine was 90.5 ± 27.5 and 54.1 ± 5.5 in the muscle fibers of dystrophic and normal chicks respectively. The intracellular concentrations of potassium, magnesium, phosphorous, and sulfur remained unchanged in the dystrophic condition. Morphometric studies revealed that the dystrophic pectoralis muscles contain fewer but thicker fibers per unit area compared to normal pectoralis muscles. The importance of these findings are discussed in relation to the results of earlier investigations.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041030204
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Physarum myosin light chain binds calcium (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton 1 (1980), S. 63-71 
    Details
    ISSN: 0886-1544
    Keywords: Physarum polycephalum ; myosin light chains ; polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis ; calcium ; cytoplasmic streaming ; actomyosin ATPase regulation ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Myosin from the slime mold Physarum polycephalum contains three sizes of polypeptides: a heavy chain and two light chains, LC-1 and LC-2. Using a simple qualitative test for calcium binding by comparing electrophoretic migration of the polypeptides in sodium dodecy1 sulfate (SDS) acrylamide gels in the presence and absence of calcium, we have found that Physarum myosin light chain LC-2 migrates with an apparent molecular weight of 16,900 daltons in the presence of the metal ion chelator ethylene glycol bis (B-aminoethyl ether) N,N′-tetraacetic acid (EGTA). However, if calcium chloride is added to the sample prior to electrophoresis, the apparent molecular weight decreases to 16,100. Lanthanide and cadmium ions, but not magnesium, can substitute for calcium. Because the ionic radii of Ca2+, La3+, and Cd2+ are almost identical, we conclude that Physarum myosin LC-2 possesses a very size-specific binding site for calcium. Physarum myosin LC-1 and the heavy chain give no evidence for binding calcium by this test. Since cytoplasmic streaming in the plasmodium of Physarum requires calcium, our evidence indicates that the calcium-binding property of Physarum myosin LC-2 may be important in regulating the production of force by actomyosin in the ectoplasm. Unexpectedly, the myosin light chain in Physarum capable of binding calcium, LC-2, is the essential light chain, while LC-1 is a member of the regulatory class of myosin light chains [V. T. Nachmias, personal communication]. Until now, essential myosin light chains have not been shown to have high affinity divalent cation binding sites. This means a new version of the myosin-based model for actomyosin regulation by calcium may be required to explain cytoplasmic movement in Physarum, and perhaps in other motile systems involving cytoplasmic myosins as well.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cm.970010106
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Millimeter wave absorption spectra of biological samples (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 1 (1980), S. 285-298 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: absorption ; millimeter wave ; biological media ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: A solid-state computer-controlled system has been used to make swept-frequency measurements of absorption of biological specimens from 26.5 to 90.0 GHz. A wide range of samples was used, including solutions of DNA and RNA, and suspensions of BHK-21/C13 cells, Candida albicans, C krusei, and Escherichia coli. Sharp spectra reported by other workers were not observed. The strong absorbance of water (10-30 dB/mm) caused the absorbance of all aqueous preparations that we examined to have a water-like dependence on frequency. Reduction of incident power (to below 1.0 μW), elimination of modulation, and control of temperature to assure cell viability were not found to significantly alter the water-dominated absorbance. Frozen samples of BHK-21/C13 cells tested at dry ice and liquid nitrogen temperatures were found to have average insertion loss reduced to 0.2 dB/cm but still showed no reproducible peaks that could be attributed to absorption spectra. It is concluded that the spectral resonances reported by others are likely to be in error.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250010305
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microwave radiation (2450 MHz) alters the endotoxin-induced hypothermic response of rats (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 1 (1980), S. 353-361 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: endotoxin ; hypothermia ; rats ; 2450 MHz ; microwaves ; heating ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: The parenteral administration of bacterial endotoxin to rats causes a hypothermia that is maximal after approximately 90 minutes. When endotoxin-injected rats were held in a controlled environment at 22°C and 50% relative humidity and exposed for 90 minutes to microwaves (2450 MHz, CW) at 1 mW/cm2, significant increases were observed in body temperature compared with endotoxintreated, sham-irradiated rats. The magnitude of the response was related to power density (10 mW/cm2 〉 5 mW/cm2 〉 1 mW/cm2). Saline-injected rats exposed for 90 minutes at 5 mW/cm2 (specific absorption rate approximately 1.0 mW/g) showed no significant increase in body temperature compared with saline-injected, sham-irradiated rats. The hypothermia induced by endotoxin in rats was also found to be affected by ambient temperature alone. Increases in ambient temperature above 22°C in the absence of microwaves caused a concomitant increase in body temperature. This study reveals that subtle microwave heating is detectable in endotoxin-treated rats that have an impaired thermoregulatory capability. These results indicate that the interpretation of microwave-induced biological effects observed in animals at comparable rates and levels of energy absorption should include a consideration of the thermogenic potential of microwaves.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250010402
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of a colony stimulating factor subclass by a specific receptor on a macrophage cell line (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Physiology 104 (1980), S. 359-366 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-9541
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Utilizing the high affinity interactions between pure 125I-L cell colony stimulating factor and its receptor(s) on the murine macrophage cell line J774, a murine radioreceptor assay (RRA) has been developed. The murine RRA selectively detects a colony stimulating factor (CSF) subclass (CSF-1) previously defined by murine radioimmunoassay (RIA) (E.R. Stanley, Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci., USA, 76:2969-2973 ('79)). CSF-1 stimulates macrophage production exclusively, and the occurrence of the CSF-1 receptor(s) appears to be restricted to cells of the mononuclear phagocytic system (L.J. Guilbert and E.R. Stanley, J. Cell Biol. 85:153-160 ('80)). The murine CSF-1 RRA failed to detect a variety of other CSF subclasses, growth factors, and hormones. In contrast to data obtained with the murine CSF-1 RIA, human CSF-1 (e.g., human urinary CSF) is detected by the mouse CSF-1 RRA almost as sensitively as murine CSF-1. In addition, there was an absolute correlation between CSF-1 levels determined by murine CSF-1 RRA and those determined by a human CSF-1 RIA for a variety of human CSF-1 sources. The murine CSF-1 RRA is a sensitive (sensitivity 5 units or 1.0 femtomole of CSF-1 protein), rapid, and highly specific assay for CSF-1 in both murine and human sources.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcp.1041040309
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Immunocytochemical studies on the zona pellucida of cow blastocysts (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 3 (1980), S. 141-148 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: cow blastocysts ; zona pellucida ; stability and location of antigenic material ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Labeling of the zona pellucida of cow blastocysts with zona-specific anti-serum shows that antigenicity is unaffected by abnormal cleavage, in vitro culture, or frozen storage. The uniform labeling in thin sections indicates that the zona pellucida is homogeneous antigenically. Heavier labeling of the inner and outer surfaces of the zona pellucida in thick sections appers to be due to greater porosity of these regions, in which the zona material becomes highly dispersed, or even partly solubilized, thereby permitting the formation of an antigen-antibody matrix.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120030206
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of the inhibitors of ion movements, verapamil and tetraethylammonium, on fertilization of mouse eggs in vitro (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 3 (1980), S. 1-7 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: mouse ; in vitro fertilization ; inhibitors of fertilization ; calcium ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Better than 75% fertilization of C57BL/6 mouse eggs with C57BL/6 sperm is obtained in vitro in a modified Kreb's-Ringer-bicarbonate medium containing 8 mM HEPES. No fertilization of obtained when Ca2+ is omitted from this medium. The drug verapamil, which interferes with Ca2+ channels and blocks the acrosome reaction [Schackmann et al, 1978] and fertilization in the sea urchin, also blocks fertilization of mouse eggs in vitro when included in complete medium at a concentration of 80 μg/ml. Tetraethylammonium, which inhibits delayed axonal potassium currents and prevents the acrosome reaction in sea urchin sperm, also completely inhibits fertilization of mouse eggs in vitro at a concentration of 5 mM. Tetramethylammonium, which does not inhibit potassium movements at the same concentration reduces fertilization by about 50%. The data are consistent with the hypothesis that ion movements are necessary for activation of the sperm and/or egg in mouse fertilization.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120030102
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Artificial fertilization of gametes from the South African clawed frog, Xenopus laevis (1980)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Gamete Research 3 (1980), S. 45-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 0148-7280
    Keywords: clawed frog ; egg ; fertilization ; jelly coat ; motility ; sperm ; Xenopus laevis ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A reproducible and effective method for fertilization eggs of Xenopus laevis was developed based of systematic manipulation of environmental factors. The effects of varying concentrations of individual components of a fertilization medium were tested by measuring jelly swelling, sperm motility, and sperm longevity. Results were used to develop an improved medium for fertilization, consisting of 41.25 mM NaCl, 1.25 mM KCl, 0.25 mM CaCl2, 0.0625 mM MgCl2, 0.5 mM Na2HPO4, 2.5 mM HEPES, 1.9 mM NaOH, final pH(2°) 7.8.
    Additional Material: 12 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/mrd.1120030106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Failure of rats to escape from a potentially lethal microwave field (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 1 (1980), S. 101-115 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: escape ; microwaves ; rats ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Ocularly pigmented rats, all mature females of the Long-Evans strain, were repeatedly presented an opportunity to escape from an intense 918-MHz field (whole-body dose rate = 60 mW/g) to a field of lower intensity (40, 30, 20, or 2 mW/g) by performing a simple locomotor response. Other rats could escape 800-μA faradic shock to the feet and tail by performing the same response in the same milieu, a multimode cavity. None of 20 irradiated rats learned to associate entry into a visually well-demarcated area of the cavity with immediate reduction of dose rate, in spite of field-induced elevations of body temperature to levels that exceeded 41°C and would have been lethal but for a limit on durations of irradiation. In contrast, all of ten rats motivated by faradic shock rapidly learned to escape. The failure of escape learning by irradiated animals probably arose from deficiencies of motivation and, especially, sensory feedback. Whole-body hyperthermia induced by a multipath field may lack the painful or directional sensory properties that optimally promote the motive to escape. Moreover, a decline of body temperature after an escape-response-contingent reduction of field strength will be relatively slow because of the large thermal time constants of mammalian tissues. Without timely sensory feedback, which is an essential element of negative reinforcement, stimulus-response associability would be imparied, which could retard or preclude learning of an escape response.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250010202
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic exposure to a 60-Hz electric field: Effects on synaptic transmission and peripheral nerve function in the rat (1980)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Bioelectromagnetics 1 (1980), S. 131-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-8462
    Keywords: electric fields ; rat ; sciatic nerve ; vagus nerve ; superior cervical sympathetic ganglion ; chronic exposure ; 60 Hz ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Occupational Health and Environmental Toxicology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Notes: Several reports have suggested that the nervous system can be affected by exposure to electric fields and that these effects may have detrimental health consequences for the exposed organism. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of chronic (30-day) exposure of rats to a 60-Hz, 100-kV/m electric field on synaptic transmission and peripheral-nerve function. One hundred forty-four rats, housed in individual polycarbonate cages were exposed to uniform, vertical, 60-Hz electric fields in a system free of corona discharge and ozone formation and in which the animals did not receive spark discharges or other shocks during exposure. Following 30 days of exposure to the electric field, superior cervical sympathetic ganglia, vagus and sciatic nerves were removed from rats anesthetized with urethan, placed in a temperature-controlled chamber, and superfused with a modified mammalian Ringer's solution equilibrated with 95% O2 and 5% CO2. Several measures and tests were used to characterize synaptic transmission and peripheral-nerve function. These included amplitude, area, and configuration of the postsynaptic or whole-nerve compound-action potential; conduction velocity; accommodation; refractory period; strength-duration curves; conditioning-test (C-T) response, frequency response; post-tetanic response; and high-frequency-induced fatigue. The results of a series of neurophysiologic tests and measurements indicate that only synaptic transmission is significantly and consistently affected by chronic (30-day) exposure to a 60-Hz, 100-kV/m electric field. Specifically, an increase in synaptic excitability was detected in replicated measurements of the C-T response ratio. In addition, there are trends in other data that can be interpreted to suggest a generalized increase in neuronal excitability in exposed animals.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bem.2250010204
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