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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1320-1321 
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Polyvinylpyrrolidone and dextran decrease cellular deformability. Changes in volume do not wholly account for the changes which imply a stiffening of the plasma membrane. The effects differ from those induced by charged macromolecules.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Development genes and evolution 187 (1979), S. 255-266 
    ISSN: 1432-041X
    Keywords: Yolk proteins ; Hormonal control ; Electrophoresis ; In vivo culture ; Drosophila
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Immature ovaries ofDrosophila mercatorum were injected into young larvae and into adult males ofD. mercatorum, D. melanogaster, D. hydei, D. virilis, andZaprionius vittiger. These homo- and heteroplastic transplantations allow normal vitellogenesis to occur in the donor ovary. By SDS gel electrophoresis, we identified the major species-specific yolk proteins of mature eggs (stage 14) which were exclusively of donor-specific origin. Other experiments withD. hydei andZ. vittiger showed that, when females were used as hosts, the host-specific yolk proteins became incorporated into the donor eggs. When two immature ovaries, one ofD. mercatorum and one ofD. hydei, were co-cultured in males, again only the donor-specific yolk proteins were found in the mature eggs implying that these yolk proteins were not released into the host hemolymph. A parthenogenetic strain ofD. mercatorum was used to demonstrate the ability of transplanted immature ovaries to produce viable eggs which can give rise to fertile adults. The role of the species-specific yolk proteins is discussed with respect to the dual origin of these proteins during normal vitellogenesis, i.e., an autonomous synthesis within the ovary itself in addition to the well-known production by the fat body. Further experiments with pupae as hosts indicate that even in the absence of juvenile hormone and in the presence of high doses of ecdysone, vitellogenesis can proceed within the donor ovary. Based on these experiments, a new hyopthesis on the hormonal control of vitellogenesis inDrosophila is presented. We propose that yolk proteins derived from the fat body are controlled by juvenile hormone, whereas the independent and autonomous vitellogenesis within the ovary itself is controlled by endogenously synthesized ecdysone.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Polysaccharide formation by Rhodococcus erythropolis was studied using lower mono-, di-and trihydric alcohols, sugars and n-alkanes as carbon sources. Cultural conditions of the organism were examined with regard to polysaccharide production. It was demonstrated that a glycerol substrate, an 30°C incubation temperature and a pH of 7.5 were optimal cultural conditions for polysaccharide formation. Addition of penicillin G in the decelerating growth phase increased the polysaccharide concentration in the culture filtrate to 3.1 g/l. One of the main extracellular heteropolysaccharides formed by Rhodococcus erythropolis consisted of glucose and mannose in the molar ratio 1∶1, a small portion of protein and a trace of glucosamine. The molecular weight was to be 1·14×106.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Chromosoma 71 (1979), S. 1-14 
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A ring-Y chromosome, R(Y)w m, of D. hydei is described which carries a complete set of fertility genes, a NOR region and a small X-chromosomal insertion (w m), which may be used as a marker. The ring has been characterized by various staining techniques. It was derived from a w mCo Y chromosome by X-ray treatment of spermatocytes. Its mode of origin allows to fix the gene order in the distal region of the long arm of the w mCoY chromosome. The white + gene included in the ring shows a new type of position-effect variegation which is described and discussed in the context of an earlier hypothesis on a dual function of the white locus.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of comparative physiology 129 (1979), S. 207-209 
    ISSN: 1432-1351
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Recognition of prey-like stimuli by the Common Toad depends on both the shape of the stimulus and its direction of motion. To evoke preycapture the direction of motion must be parallel to the long axis of the stimulus. We show here that the same relation between shape and direction of motion applies to stimuli which moved towards or away from the toad, and that retreating stimuli are more powerful releasers than approaching ones.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Theoretical chemistry accounts 52 (1979), S. 329-340 
    ISSN: 1432-2234
    Keywords: UHF spin densities ; CI method for improving ∼ ; Spin densities, UHF ∼
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Limited Configuration Interaction wave functions based on Unrestricted Hartree-Fock natural orbitals are found to be easy to compute and to give much more satisfactory spin densities than are provided by techniques currently in use.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 257 (1979), S. 27-36 
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary The heat transfer value when monofil fibers are spun out of the melting, is determined, in the case of forced convection, from results and graphs as published in literature on the subject. During production, the fibers are blown by air traverse to the direction of travel, and with such fibers, the heat transfer value is approximately 1.5 times greater than that in free convection, when the independent spinning parameters are equal. The independent parameters are tabulated. As in free convection, the heat transfer value is with forced convection, in reverse proportion to the fiber diameter. Equations are derived from the measured values, with which calculation can be made of all dependent parameters. The results determined as calculation and measurement are compared in tables, and exactitude determined with the aid of an error calculation based on Gauss. Fiber cooling in the case of polyethylenterephthalate, as with polyamide 6 in reverse proportion to the volumetric rate of dischargem 0,71 With the equations given, the spin way can, among others, be calculated in which the fiber temperature has cooled down to the glass transition temperature. Due to the blown air in forced convection, the fiber diameter, difference from the average fiber temperature and average temperature of the air surrounding the fiber, fiber cooling and heat transition value are greater, the spin way however smaller, than with free convection. The higher the blown air speed is, under otherwise similar spinning conditions, the greater this effect. This statement is generally valid. An anomaly in the case of the dependent spinparameters, among others the heat transition value, as a function of the diameter of the capillary bore of the spinneret cannot be expected, since this diameter exerts no influence on fiber cooling in forced convection.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die Wärmeübergangszahl beim Erspinnen mono filer Fäden aus der Schmelze wird für die erzwungene Konvektion aus Ergebnissen und Meßkurven, die in der Literatur veröffentlicht sind, bestimmt. In den Einrichtungen zur Fadenherstellung sind die Fäden mit Luft quer zu ihrer Ablaufrichtung angeblasen. Für solche Fäden ist die Wärmeübergangszahl ca. 1,5 mal größer als bei der freien Konvektion, wenn die unabhängigen Spinnparameter gleich sind. Die unabhängigen Parameter sind tabellarisch erfaßt. Wie bei der freien Konvektion ist bei der erzwungenen die Wärmeübergangszahl zum Fadendurchmesser umgekehrt proportional. Aus den Meßwerten sind Gleichungen abgeleitet und mit ihnen alle abhängigen Parameter berechnet. Als Rechnung und Messung sind die gefundenen Ergebnisse in Tabellen gegenübergestellt, und die Genauigkeit ist mit einer Fehlerrechnung nach Gauß ermittelt. Die Fadenkühlung bei Polyäthylenterephthalat ist wie bei Polyamid 6 zur Durchsatzmengem 0,71 umgekehrt proportional. Mit den angegebenen Gleichungen kann u. a. der Spinnweg berechnet werden, für den sich die Fadentemperatur auf die Glasumwandlungstemperatur abgekühlt hat. Durch die Blasluft bei der erzwungenen Konvektion sind Fadendurchmesser, Differenz aus mittlerer Fadentemperatur und mittlerer Temperatur der den Faden umgebenden Luft, Fadenkühlung und Wärmeübergangszahl größer, der Spinnweg jedoch kleiner als bei der freien Konvektion. Je höher unter sonst gleichen Spinnbedingungen die Blasluftgeschwindigkeit ist, um so größer ist dieser Effekt. Diese Aussage hat allgemein Gültigkeit. Eine Anomalie bei den abhängigen Spinnparametern, u.a. der Wärmeübergangszahl, als eine Funktion des Durchmessers der Kapillarbohrung der Düse kann nicht erwartet werden, da dieser Durchmesser keinen Einfluß auf die Fadenkühlung bei der erzwungenen Konvektion hat.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    The European physical journal 293 (1979), S. 107-117 
    ISSN: 1434-601X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Abstract Rotational excitation in collisions of structureless atoms and diatomic rigid rotor molecules interacting by a rigid potential shell is considered in classical mechanics. The double differential cross sectionJ(u *,θ) for final (over initial) relative velocityu *=ν′/ν and deflection byθ is analytically related to the shell form in the case of vanishing initial molecular rotation.J(u *,θ) exhibits the strong structure of “bulge” scattering or “orientational rainbows” which has been observed in the K−N2 and K-CO systems and is expected to occur in rotationally inelastic collisions of many nonreactive systems under appropriate scattering conditions. The present results elucidate the nature of the sensitive and direct relation of bulge scattering to the anisotropy of the intermolecular potential.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of ornithology 120 (1979), S. 237-246 
    ISSN: 1439-0361
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary During three trips across the Tanezrouft desert, in spring 1973 and 1977 (Fig. 1), migrating palaearctic birds were observed and fallouts recorded (Tab. 1). ForStreptopelia turtur, Merops apiaster, Calandrella brachydactyla, Oenanthe oenanthe, andCercotrichas galactotes regular intermediate stops in the desert are discussed. 20 exhausted or dead migrants, and 18 control birds, were analyzed for fat content, water content (Tab. 2), and chlorinated hydrocarbon residues. Small birds in Tanezrouft had failed because of exhausted fat stores, larger birds apparently because of water deprivation, while their fat reserves were not exhausted. Pesticide residues had no demonstrable influence on mortality. All migrants in the desert had low water indices. 42 (4 %) out of 1062 observed migrants (only a small fraction of the total number of migrating birds at the same localities and at the same time) had failed. The real mortality rate during the crossing of the western Sahara might usually be far below these 4 %, and especially low in some species, e. g.Merops apiaster, Calandrella brachydactyla, Cercotrichas galactotes, warblers.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Bei drei Durchquerungen der Tanezrouft-Wüste im März und April 1973 und 1977 wurden durchziehende paläarktische Vögel beobachtet, gezählt und Verluste erfaßt. FürStreptopelia turtur, Merops apiaster, Calandrella brachydactyla, Oenanthe oenanthe, Cercotrichas galactotes wird die Möglichkeit regelmäßiger Zwischenlandungen diskutiert. 20 erschöpft gegriffene oder tot gefundene Durchzügler sowie 18 Kontrolltiere wurden u. a. auf Fettgehalt, Wassergehalt und Rückstände chlorierter Kohlenwasserstoffe untersucht. Kleinvögel waren in der Tanezrouft am aufgezehrten Fettdepot gescheitert, größere Vögel am Wasserverlust bei hohen Fettreserven. Biozidrückstände waren ohne nachweisbaren Einfluß auf die Mortalität. Die Wasserindices aller untersuchten Durchzügler aus der Wüste waren erniedrigt. Von 1062 beobachteten Zugvögeln (das ist nur ein Bruchteil der dort in der Beobachtungszeit zu erwartenden Durchzügler) hatten 42 (4 %) versagt. Die tatsächlichen Mortalitätsraten bei der Überquerung der Westsahara dürften gewöhnlich weit unter diesen 4 % liegen, besonders niedrig bei manchen Arten, wieMerops apiaster, Calandrella brachydactyla, Cercotrichas galactotes, Grasmücken- und Laubsängerarten.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 50 (1979), S. 93-100 
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A total of 13 metabolites thought to be possibly inhibitory were tested for their influence on PGM isozyme activities, each at several different concentrations. The analysis of statistical significance was based on enzyme activities obtained by densitometric measurements of starch gels. Five of the substances were found to inhibit PGM activity, three of which definitely and a further one probably led to a significantly stronger inhibition of the isozymes of the PGM 2 locus than of PGM 1 isozymes. They are (1) fructose-1,6-diphosphate, (2) adenosine triphosphate, (3) citrate, and (4) possibly 2,3-diphosphoglycerate. Thus, PGM 1 isozymes proved to function better in hard or perhaps marginal metabolic conditions. Related evolutionary aspects are discussed.
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