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  • Polymer and Materials Science  (178)
  • 1970-1974  (178)
  • 1950-1954
  • 1973  (178)
Collection
Keywords
Publisher
Years
  • 1970-1974  (178)
  • 1950-1954
Year
  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A cooperative molecular weight distribution test (1973)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 17 (1973), S. 269-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: The development of gel permeation chromatography (GPC) has provided a convenient tool for the rapid determination of molecular weight distribution. The question has arisen as to the suitability of the method for specification purposes. The present work, suggested by the Naval Air Systems Command, represents an attempt to assess the precision of the method through a series of tests carried out by a number of laboratories using identical procedures on the same samples. Ten laboratories agreed to take part. Naval Ordnance Station, Indian Head, worked out standard conditions for operation of the chromatograph, for calibration of the columns, and for analysis of the GPC curves. Two samples of polystyrene were used by the various organizations for calibration of their instruments. Number-average molecular weight, heterogeneity index, and cumulative molecular weight distribution curves were determined on four samples of carboxyl-terminated polybutadiene (CTPB) and two samples of hydroxyl-terminated polybutadiene (HTPB), all unidentified except by letter code. All laboratories used identical directions for setting up CTPB and HTPB calibration curves which were based on curves determined from vapor-pressure osmometer molecular weights and GPC count numbers of fractionated material. Variation among the different laboratories was 0.15 in heterogeneity index, and a maximum of 1200 in molecular weight provided one aberrant set of values was eliminated. The six samples had heterogeneity indices from 1.15 to 1.54, while molecular weight varied from approximately 3000 to 6000. The average coefficient of variation of the molecular weight values was 6.2 ± 0.7%, which is quite acceptable. Variation in heterogeneity index was too great for specification purposes when considered among the different laboratories, but may be sufficiently good when measured by any one laboratory.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1973.070170121
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The electroinitiated polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole with zinc bromide, IIPart I: cf.12.. Kinetics of polymerization (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Die Makromolekulare Chemie 169 (1973), S. 177-189 
    Details
    ISSN: 0025-116X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die elektroinitiierte Polymerisation von N-Vinylcarbazol (VCZ) wurde in Aceton bei 25°C mit Zinkbromid als Katalysator unter Verwendung von Platinelektroden eingehend untersucht. Die Polymerisationsgeschwindigkeit erwies sich als direkt abhängig von der Stromstärke, der Zinkbromid-Konzentration und dem anfänglichen Wassergehalt des Solvens.Die Molekulargewichte der entstandenen Polymeren (1000-6000) sind unabhängig von der Stromstärke, der Zinkbromid-Konzentration und dem Umsetzungsgrad des Monomeren zum Polymeren, werden jedoch beeinflußt durch Wasser, die Monomerkonzentration und das Elektrodenmaterial. Die chemische Zusammensetzung der Polymeren ändert sich nicht mit der Stromstärke, der Zinkbromid-Konzentration, dem Umsetzungsgrad und dem Elektrodenmaterial. Sie ändert sich jedoch ein wenig mit dem Wassergehalt des Acetons.
    Notes: The electroinitiated polymerization of N-vinylcarbazole (VCZ) in acetone solvent at 25°C with zinc bromide, as catalyst, and platinum electrodes was investigated in detail. The polymerization rate was found to be directly dependent on current strength, zinc bromide concentration and the initial water content of the solvent.The molecular weights of the formed polymers (1000-6000) are independent of current strength, zinc bromide concentration and degree of conversion of monomer to polymer, but are affected by water, monomer concentration, and by the type of electrodes used. The chemical composition of the polymer is invariant with current strength, zinc bromide concentration, degree of conversion, and electrode material but does vary slightly with the water content of acetone.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/macp.1973.021690117
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photodegradation of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) films under vacuum (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 11 (1973), S. 149-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.130110301
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The photodegradation of poly(1,3-phenylene isophthalamide) films in air (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 11 (1973), S. 683-688 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.130111104
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Atmosphärische Korrosion des Eisens bei periodischer Befeuchtung (1973)
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 24 (1973), S. 684-691 
    Details
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Atmospheric corrosion of iron with periodic moisteningPeriodic moistening has a considerable bearing on the model of the corrosion of iron. The frequency of condensation is much more important than the duration of the existence of a condensed layer. Immediately upon condensation a steep increase of the corrosion rate is found. These periods of condensation thus control the rate and the intensity of the attack. The results of measurements concerning the dependence on time, and of radiochemical experiments (concerning the behaviour of sulphate ions) allow the conclusion that condensation intervenes in the reaction system and affects the availability of sulphate ions at the interphase as well as the function of water. In this context the difference between adsorbed and condensed aqueous layers should be taken into consideration. It is suggested to develop a numerical index allowing the duration of accelerated corrosion to be determined in terms of the frequency of condensations.
    Notes: Periodische Befeuchtungen beeinflussen das Modell der Eisenkorrosion beträchtlich. Dabei ist die Häufigkeit der Kondensationen wesentlich einflußreicher als die Dauer der Existenz einer kondensierten Schicht. Unmittelbar nach der Kondensation ist ein starker Anstieg der Korrosionsgeschwindigkeit festzustellen. Diese Kondensationsperioden bestimmen daher die Geschwindigkeit und die Stärke des Angriffs. Auf der Grundlage der Messungen über die Zeitabhängigkeit und auf der Basis von radiochemischen Untersuchungen (über das Verhalten der Sulfationen) kann man schließen, daß die Kondensation in das Reaktionssystem eingreift, und zwar hinsichtlich der Verfügbarkeit der Sulfationen an der Grenzfläche und hinsichtlich der Funktion des Wassers. Dabei ist auch der Unterschied zwischen adsorbierten und kondensierten Wasserschichten zu berücksichtigen. Es wird vorgeschlagen, eine Indexzahl zu entwickeln, welche die Bestimmung der Dauer der beschleunigten Korrosion in Abhängigkeit von der Häufigkeit der Kondensation ermöglicht.
    Additional Material: 13 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/maco.19730240803
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methylmethacrylate and methylacrylate. II. Physical properties of the copolymers (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 32 (1973), S. 163-175 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die physikalischen Eigenschaften von mit Methylmethacrylat und Methylacrylat in Stickstoffatmosphäre bei 60 °C unter Verwendung von Cerionen als Initiator gepfropftem Nylon-6-Garn wurden mit den Eigenschaften des Ausgangsgarns verglichen. Mit zunehmendem Pfropfungsgrad wurde eine höhere Dichte, geringeres Feuchtigkeitshaltevermögen und geringere Doppelbrechung festgestellt. Die mechanischen Eigenschaften wurden beträchtlich herabgesetzt. Bei den dynamischen Eigenschaften ergab sich eine höhere mechanische Dämpfung und vermindertes elastisches Verhalten. Die Anfärbbarkeit war ebenfalls herabgesetzt.
    Notes: The physical properties of nylon 6 yarn grafted with methylmethacrylate and methylacrylate in nitrogen atmosphere using ceric ion as initiator at a temperature of 60 °C have been compared with those of ether extracted and initiator treated parent yarn. With an increase in graft-on percentage an increase in density, decrease in moisture regain and birefringence was observed. The mechanical properties were impaired considerably. The dynamic mechanical properties results indicated increase in mechanical damping and reduction in elastic behaviour as a consequence of graft copolymerization. The dye uptake was also found to be decreased in these grafted samples.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1973.050320114
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Graft copolymerization of nylon 6 with methylmethacrylate and methylacrylate, I. Optimum conditions of grafting and thermal behaviour of the copolymers (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 32 (1973), S. 81-90 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Nylon-6 wurde mit Methylmethacrylat und Methylacrylat unter Verwendung von Cer-Ionen/Schwefelsäure als Initiator gepfropft. Proben mit verschiedenem Pfropfungsgrad wurden durch Variation der Reaktionsbedingungen hergestellt. Die thermische stabilität dieser gepfropften Produkte wurde im Vergleich zum Ausgangsnylon durch dynamische Thermogravimetry untersucht; danach nimmt die thermische Stabilität als Folge der Pfropfung ab.
    Notes: Nylon 6, 20 denier, monofilaments were grafted with methylmethacrylate and methylacrylate using ceric ion/sulphuric acid as initiator. Grafted nylon samples with different % graft-on were prepared by varying the reaction conditions. The thermal stabilities of these grafted samples were compared with parent nylon using dynamic thermogravimetry in air at a heating rate of 6 °C/min up to a temperature of 550 °C. The initial decomposition temperature (IDT) integral procedureal decomposition temperature (IPDT) and activation energy (E) values indicated that thermal stability decreased as a result of grafting.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1973.050320106
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reststabilität von verarbeitetem Polyvinylchlorid (1973)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 32 (1973), S. 61-80 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: The residual stability of a PVC-compound, stabilized by a solid stabilizing agent, was measured by degradation experiments in bulk under pure nitrogen at 180°C. Several samples of different processing times were prepared by thermomechanical treatment on an extruder. Investigations of the residual stability showed an increasing tendency after the first runs, and then a decrease in stability. The same experiments were performed with a plasticized PVC-compound. Instead of an increase of the residual stability in the beginning of the thermomechanical treatment, a continuous decrease was observed. The same result was found by application of a liquid stabilizing agent to unplasticized PVC.Thus, maximum initial stability is found in the case of plasticized PVC and with liquid stabilizers in unplasticized PVC. In contrast to this result maximum initial stability of PVC, stabilized by a solid stabilizer, was obtained only after several runs on the extruder. This phenomenon can be attributed to a better homogeneity of the stabilizer and the polymer, which is effected by gelation of the PVC by the thermomechanical treatment on the extruder.If the investigation of the residual stability is measured after each run by degradation in a solution of ethylbenzoate the nonplasticized PVC-compound shows maximum stability at the beginning of the experiment. This result leads to the conclusion that the stability of a PVC-compound does not only depend either on the kind or on the amount of the applied stabilizer. To ensure the optimal efficiency of the utilized amount of stabilizer it is necessary to secure a maximum of homogeneity between stabilizer and polymer from the very beginning. Therefore it is of great importance t o the estimation of the residual stability of a PVC-compound after processing to make sure of maximum homogeneity between stabilizer and polymer.
    Notes: Die Reststabilität (gemessen in Substanz unter Stickstoff bei 180°C) eines mit einem festen Stabilisator stabilisierten PVC-Compounds nimmt nach der ersten thermomechanischen Belastung auf einem Extruder zunächst zu und dann nach längeren Verarbeitungszeiten wieder ab. Fährt man die gleichen Untersuchungen an einem Weich-PVC-Compound durch, dann beobachtet man von Anfang an eine kontinuierliche Abnahme der Stabilität mit zunehmender thermomechanischer Belastung auf dem Extruder. Der gleiche Effekt tritt auch mit einem flüssigen Stabilisator in Hart-PVC ein.Bei Weich-PVC und bei dem mit einem flüssigen Stabilisator stabilisierten Hart-PVC besitzen danach die Ausgangsmischungen die größte Stabilität. Bei Hart-PVC wird die maximale Stabilität erst nach längerer Verweilzeit auf dem Extruder erreicht. Dieses Phänomen wird auf die Homogenisierung der Mischung aus Stabilisator und Polymerem zurückgeführt, die durch das Angelieren des PVC durch die thermomechanische Belastung im Extruder hervorgerufen wird.Bestimmt man die Reststabilität nach jedem Verarbeitungsvorgang durch Abbauuntersuchungen in Löung dann ziegt auch beim Hart-PVC-Compound die Ausgangsmischung die größte Stabilität. Dieses Ergebnis stützt den Schluß, daß die Stabilität eines PVC-Compounds keineswegs nur von der Art oder der Menge des eingesetzten Stabilisators abhängt. Um eine maximale Wirksamkeit der eingesetzten Stabilisatormenge zu erreichen, muß von Anfang an eine möglichst homogene Mischung zwischen PVC und Stabilisator angestrebt werden. Bei der Beurteilung der Restatabilität eines PVC-Compounds nach der Verarbeitung ist daher die Homogenität der Ausgangsmischung von ausschlaggebender Bedeutung.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1973.050320105
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The involvement of singlet oxygen (1Δg) in the photodegradation of polypropylene. Speculation on the origin of 1O2 in the polymer (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Letters Edition 11 (1973), S. 759-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6384
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.130111206
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applications of ESCA to polymer chemistry. III. Structures and bonding in homopolymers of ethylene and the fluoroethylenes and determination of the compositions of fluoro copolymers (1973)
    New York : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science: Polymer Chemistry Edition 11 (1973), S. 389-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 0360-6376
    Keywords: Physics ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Molecular core binding energies have been measured by ESCA for the homopolymers of ethylene and the fluoroethylenes. The data are interpreted in terms of semiempirical all-valence electron SCF MO calculations in the CNDO/2 formalism, in conjunction with the charge potential model. The results are used as a basis for interpreting the measured core binding energies of some Viton and Kel F type polymers. The routine application of ESCA to the determination of copolymer compositions is described.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1973.170110207
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