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  • English  (28)
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  • 1
    Online Resource
    Online Resource
    Advanced Tunneling Techniques and Information Modeling of Underground Infrastructure : Proceedings of the 6th GeoChina International Conference on Civil & Transportation Infrastructures: From Engineering to Smart & Green Life Cycle Solutions -- Nanchang, China, 2021 (2021)
    Cham :Springer International Publishing :
    Details
    Keywords: Engineering geology. ; Geoengineering.
    Description / Table of Contents: Chapter 1. Inception of Debris Avalanches: a Material Point Method Modelling -- Chapter 2. Research on the Calculation of Segment Floating Considering the Action Degree of Soil Arching Effect -- Chapter 3. Cause Analysis and Treatment Measures for Invert Heaving Disease of Railway Tunnel in Slightly Inclined Layered Rock Mass -- Chapter 4. A Semi-analytical Model for Compaction-grouted Soil Nails -- Chapter 5. Buckling Analysis of Mono-bucket Foundation with Compartments during Suction Installation -- Chapter 6. PCPT and SPT as Complementary Tests for the Formulation of Geotechnical Design Profiles -- Chapter 7. Research on the Rapid Detection Technology of Tunnel Lining Cracks and Accuracy Calibration based on Infrared Image -- Chapter 8. Research on the Construction of 3D Laser Scanning Tunnel Point Cloud based on B-spline Interpolation.
    Abstract: This volume contains a compilation of studies regarding novel technology of underground space development, behavior analysis and modelling of soils and underground infrastructure from the 6th GeoChina International Conference held in Nanchang, China from July 19 to 21, 2021. The scope of the studies covers both methodological and pragmatic solutions to critical issues, including soil arching and invert heaving, penetration resistance of mono-bucket foundations in silty soil, inception of debris avalanches, and novel infrastructure survey methods based on point cloud and image analysis. It is anticipated that this updated knowledge will lead to more resilient design, expedited inspection, timely maintenance and rehabilitation of underground infrastructure, and will be beneficial to both researchers and practitioners in the field.
    Type of Medium: Online Resource
    Pages: X, 119 p. 78 illus., 53 illus. in color. , online resource.
    Edition: 1st ed. 2021.
    ISBN: 9783030796723
    Series Statement: Sustainable Civil Infrastructures,
    URL: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-79672-3
    DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-79672-3
    DDC: 624.15
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    U-Pb isotopic dating of cassiterite: Development of reference materials and in situ applications by LA-SF-ICP-MS (2022)
    In:  Chemical Geology
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-05-18
    Description: Cassiterite, the economically most important tin mineral, typically has moderate U and variable common Pb contents, making it amenable for U-Pb dating. Cassiterite has extremely low Th/U ratios (Th/U 〈 0.01) and its 208Pb is dominantly common Pb. This is particularly helpful as there is significant interference of tungsten oxides on 202Hg and 204Pb. The feasibility of the 208Pb correction procedure is discussed in detail. The 208Pb corrected LA-SF-ICP-MS data are in good agreement with intercept ages in the Tera-Wasserburg diagram and 207Pb corrected ages. Twelve cassiterite samples were investigated using the ID-TIMS and LA-SF-ICP-MS methods. The ID-TIMS results of Pit-AB, Rond-A, RG-114, BB#7 and 19GX cassiterite are reported for the first time in this study. RG-114, BB#7 and 19GX cassiterite have very low common Pb contents and are recommended for use as primary reference materials for in situ cassiterite. Pit-AB, Rond-A and Yankee cassiterite contain a small amount of common Pb, produce reliable and consistent ages and are suitable as primary reference materials. The remaining five cassiterite samples (Kard, Zinnwald, Els, XBD-W and Y724) were only investigated using the LA-SF-ICP-MS method and produce ages consistent with published age data from the host rocks associated with the tin deposits and with published U-Pb ages of cassiterite from the same deposits. We present an ID-TIMS Usingle bondPb of 154.3 ± 0.7 Ma for the commonly used cassiterite reference material AY-4. This age differs from previously reported ID-TIMS ages. This age discrepancy is caused by different initial common Pb compositions rather than age heterogeneity.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 3
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    In situ U–Pb geochronology of vesuvianite by LA-SF-ICP-MS (2022)
    In:  Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-01-27
    Description: We present a new procedure for U–Pb dating of vesuvianite using laser ablation sector field inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (LA-SF-ICP-MS). Vesuvianite is a common mineral in skarn ore deposits and in metamorphic and metasomatic argillaceous carbonate rocks. The age of vesuvianite growth directly dates the formation of skarn mineralization, possibly also the metamorphism and metasomatism of argillaceous limestones. Vesuvianite U–Pb dating may provide age information for hydrothermal, metamorphic, and metasomatic processes that may be hard to get by zircon U–Pb dating. We analyzed eleven vesuvianite samples. Matrix effects were corrected by using Ti-bearing andradite (schorlomite) of known age as no well-characterized vesuvianite was available as a U–Pb reference material. The robustness of the analytical protocol was assessed by additional U–Pb dating of four vesuvianite samples by ID-TIMS. The U–Pb ages determined by ID-TIMS and LA-SF-ICP-MS agree well within uncertainties. An additional seven vesuvianite samples yielded in situ U–Pb ages that agree with previously published zircon, cassiterite, or wolframite U–Pb ages from the same area. Therefore, U–Pb dating of vesuvianite by LA-SF-ICP-MS represents a fast, relatively low-cost approach with high spatial resolution that may be particularly suited to date skarn mineralization.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 4
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    Comment 2 on “Ultra-high pressure and ultra-reduced minerals in ophiolites may form by lightning strikes” (2018)
    In:  Geochemical Perspectives Letters
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: We read with great interest the paper by C. Ballhaus and coauthors (2017) reporting on electrical discharge experiments that showed how SiC and other phases found in mantle-derived rocks can potentially form by lightning strikes (Ballhaus et al., 2017). The experiments are technically innovative and challenging and the results make fascinating reading. In a comment paper, Griffin et al. (2018) noted several lines of evidence that ultra-high pressure (UHP) and super reduced (SuR) minerals in ophiolites do not form by lightning strikes. Here, we add additional comments relating to the geological and mineralogical data from ophiolites that are not compatible with the model of Ballhaus et al. (2017).
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 5
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    ESA Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-comparison Exercise (2020)
    In:  Ionospheric Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Tools | ISSI Scientific Report Series
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-09
    Description: Various ESA projects and several proposals to first Swarm DISC Call for Ideas (May 2016) suggested possible evolution for the current Swarm Level 2 FAC products, and the implementation of quality flags for the FAC products. The Field-Aligned Currents—Methodology Inter-Comparison Exercise (FAC-MICE) consisted in comparison of the various methods to determine the FAC from Swarm data, with a test dataset of 28 Swarm auroral crossings delivered to participants last June. Eight groups performed the FAC-MICE analysis. The results of this exercise, discussed in the dedicated ‘Swarm Ionospheric Currents Products workshop’ in ESTEC on September 2017, highlighted the strengths of the various methods/approaches. Following discussion with the participants to this workshop, we are now working to develop an open source platform for user-definable FAC calculation.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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  • 6
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    Accurate and precisein situU–Pb isotope dating of wolframite series mineralsviaLA-SF-ICP-MS (2020)
    In:  Journal of Analytical Atomic Spectrometry
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: We present an analytical protocol for in situ U–Pb isotope dating of wolframite series minerals [(Fe,Mn)WO4], the main ore mineral for tungsten, by LA-SF-ICP-MS. Precision and accuracy of the protocol was intensively assessed using our newly developed well-characterized U–Pb wolframite reference material. The tungsten oxide interference on Hg and Pb was investigated in detail. The matrix effect between ferberite and hübnerite during laser ablation was thoroughly examined for wolframite series minerals with a different Mn/(Mn + Fe) ratio. The closure temperature of wolframite, with respect to the U–Pb system, was evaluated. The application of eleven wolframite samples, with ages from ∼1780 Ma to ∼26 Ma, robustly demonstrated the feasibility of our approach. Most studied wolframite series minerals yielded U–Pb concordant or subconcordant ages. Samples with a relatively high U content and negligible common Pb content typically had a 206Pb/238U age precision of ca. 1%. The new in situ data agree well with published cassiterite or wolframite ages from the same locations. LA-SF-ICP-MS, with the advantages of high sensitivity, rapidity, and relatively low cost, as well as moderate spatial resolution (i.e., 32 or 44 μm) that is sufficiently high to avoid sulfide inclusions, is the method of choice for in situ wolframite U–Pb microanalysis.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    Gas hydrates in sustainable chemistry (2020)
    In:  Chemical Society Reviews
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-12-14
    Description: Gas hydrates have received considerable attention due to their important role in flow assurance for the oil and gas industry, their extensive natural occurrence on Earth and extraterrestrial planets, and their significant applications in sustainable technologies including but not limited to gas and energy storage, gas separation, and water desalination. Given not only their inherent structural flexibility depending on the type of guest gas molecules and formation conditions, but also the synthetic effects of a wide range of chemical additives on their properties, these variabilities could be exploited to optimise the role of gas hydrates. This includes increasing their industrial applications, understanding and utilising their role in Nature, identifying potential methods for safely extracting natural gases stored in naturally occurring hydrates within the Earth, and for developing green technologies. This review summarizes the different properties of gas hydrates as well as their formation and dissociation kinetics and then reviews the fast-growing literature reporting their role and applications in the aforementioned fields, mainly concentrating on advances during the last decade. Challenges, limitations, and future perspectives of each field are briefly discussed. The overall objective of this review is to provide readers with an extensive overview of gas hydrates that we hope will stimulate further work on this riveting field.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Precambrian zircons in chromitites of the Cretaceous Aladag ophiolite (Turkey) indicate deep crustal recycling in oceanic mantle (2020)
    In:  Precambrian Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-02-04
    Description: Crustal recycling into Earth’s deep mantle has been inferred from both seismic tomography and geochemical observations. As a further line of evidence, we report on zircons having a wide range of ages that were recovered from the Aladag chromitites, providing direct evidence for crustal recycling. Mesozoic zircons represent the earliest stages of Neotethyan seafloor spreading magmatism, whereas Neoproterozoic and Mesoproterozoic–Archean zircons record recycled old crustal material entrained in the ophiolitic mantle melt sources. The incorporation of such old, crustal zircons into the Neotethyan mantle might have followed from previous subduction events, from lithospheric delamination, and/or from the dismantling of West Gondwana in the Permo-Triassic. Subduction–affiliated ophiolitic melts may have picked up these recycled zircons and integrated them into chromitites, which precipitated from peridotite–melt interactions in a mantle wedge beneath the Inner–Tauride (a Neotethyan seaway) seafloor spreading system. Common in ophiolitic chromitites within the Neotethyan realm, such unusually old zircons present unique archives for tracking crustal recycling and mantle processes during rift–drift, seafloor spreading and subduction zone evolution of the oceanic mantle. We conclude that ophiolitic mantle peridotite and chromitite may be an important archive for preserving the recycling history of crustal material back into Earth’s deep mantle.
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Isotopic Compositions (Li‐B‐Si‐O‐Mg‐Sr‐Nd‐Hf‐Pb) and Fe2+/ΣFe Ratios of Three Synthetic Andesite Glass Reference Materials (ARM‐1, ARM‐2, ARM‐3) (2021)
    In:  Geostandards and Geoanalytical Research
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-11-26
    Description: To expand the newly developed ARM glasses as reference materials for in situ microanalysis of isotope ratios and iron oxidation state by a variety of techniques such as SIMS, LA-MC-ICP-MS and EPMA, we report Li-B-Si-O-Mg-Sr-Nd-Hf-Pb isotope data and Fe2+/ΣFe ratios for these glasses. The data were mainly obtained by TIMS, MC-ICP-MS, IR-MS and wet-chemistry colorimetric techniques. The quality of these data was cross-checked by comparing different techniques or by comparing the results from different laboratories using the same technique. All three glasses appear to be homogeneous with respect to the investigated isotope ratios (except for B in ARM-3) and Fe2+/ΣFe ratios at the scale of sampling volume and level of the analytical precision of each technique. The homogeneity of Li-B-O-Nd-Pb isotope ratios at the microscale (30–120 μm) was estimated using LA-MC-ICP-MS and SIMS techniques. We also present new EPMA major element data obtained using three different instruments for the glasses. The determination of reference values for the major elements and their uncertainties at the 95% confidence level closely followed ISO guidelines and the Certification Protocol of the International Association of Geoanalysts. The ARM glasses may be particularly useful as reference materials for in situ isotope ratio analysis.
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Multi-spacecraft Current Estimates at Swarm (2020)
    In:  Ionospheric Multi-Spacecraft Analysis Tools
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-02-10
    Description: In this chapter the application of the curlometer technique to various regions of the inner magnetosphere and upper ionosphere and for special circumstances of sampling is described. The basic technique is first outlined, together with the caveats of use, covering: the four-spacecraft technique, its quality factor and limitations; the lessons learnt from Cluster data, together with issues of implementation, scale size and stationarity, and description of the key regions covered by related methodology. Secondly, the application to the Earth’s ring current region is outlined, covering: the application of Cluster crossings to survey the ring current; the use of the MRA (magnetic rotation analysis) method for field curvature analysis; the use of THEMIS (Time History of Events and Macroscale Interactions during Sub-storms mission) three-spacecraft configurations to sample the ring current, and future use of MMS (Magnetospheric MultiScale mission) and Swarm data, i.e. the case of small separations. Thirdly, the application of the technique to the low altitude regions covered by Swarm is outlined, covering: the extension of the method to stationary signals; the use of special configurations and adjacent times to achieve 2, 3, 4, 5 point analysis; the use of the extended ‘curlometer’ with Swarm close configurations to compute 3-D current density, and a brief indication of the computation of current sheet orientation implied by 2-spacecraft correlations. Fourthly, the direct coordination of Cluster and Swarm to check the scaling and coherence of field-aligned currents (FACs) is outlined.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/bookPart
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