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  • 1
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    Chapter Measuring logical competences and soft skills when enrolling in a university degree course (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Logical abilities are a ubiquitous ingredient in all those contexts that take into account soft skills, argumentative skills or critical thinking. However, the relationship between logical models and the enhancement of these abilities is rarely explicitly considered. Two aspects of the issue are particularly critical in our opinion, namely: (i) the lack of statistically relevant data concerning these competences; (ii) the absence of reliable indices that might be used to measure and detect the possession of abilities underlying the above-mentioned soft skills. This paper aims to address both aspects of this topic by presenting the results of a research we conducted in the period October – December 2020 on students enrolled in various degree courses at the University of Florence. To the best of our knowledge, to date this is the largest available database on the subject in the Italian University System. It has been obtained by a three-stage initiative. We started from an “entrance” examination for assessing the students' initial abilities. This test comprised ten questions, each of which was centered on a specific reasoning construct. The results we have collected show that there is a widespread lack of understanding of basic patterns that are common in the everyday way of arguing. Students then underwent a short training course, using formal logic techniques in order to strengthen their abilities, and afterwards took an “exit” examination, replicating the structure and the questions difficulty of the entrance one in order to evaluate the effectiveness of the course. Results show that the training was beneficial.
    Keywords: studentes' logical abilities ; IRT ; test equating
    Language: English
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  • 2
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    Chapter The Old Serbian Version of the Antiochene Recension of Samuel-Kings: Some Preliminary Issues in Textual Criticism (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: The article discusses several textual features of the second Church Slavonic version of 1–4 Kingdoms, which has come down to us in two manuscripts, written in Serbian Resavian orthography. The earliest copy dates from 1418 (National Research Library of Odessa, no. 6 [1/106]), while the second is from 1523–1543 (Moscow, Russian State Library, f. 87 N° 1 [1684]). The paper presents this tradition to scholars as new material for the study of the Antiochene or Lucianic recension of 1–4 Kingdoms, a text-type found in five Greek manuscripts. The analysis shows that it represents a new witness, not only to the Antiochene recension of 1–4 Kingdoms as a whole, but also to its proto-Lucianic textual stratum.
    Keywords: Bible ; Old Testament ; Textual Criticism ; Septuaginta ; Serbian Manuscripts
    Language: English
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  • 3
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    Chapter A structural equation model to measure logical competences (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-06-02
    Description: Logical abilities are a ubiquitous ingredient in all those contexts that take into account soft skills, argumentative skills or critical thinking. However, the relationship between logical models and the enhancement of these abilities is rarely explicitly considered. Two aspects of the issue are particularly critical in our opinion, namely: (i) the lack of statistically relevant data concerning these competences; (ii) the absence of reliable indices that might be used to detect and measure the possession of abilities underlying the aforementioned skills. This paper addresses both aspects of this topic by presenting the results of a research that we conducted between October and December 2020 on students enrolled in various degree courses at the University of Florence. The dataset has been collected by a three-stage initiative. We started from an entrance examination to assess the students' initial abilities. This test included ten questions, each regarding a specific aspect of logical reasoning. Then, students underwent a short training course to strengthen their knowledge of logic. At the end of the short course, students underwent a final examination to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. To verify the effectiveness of the training program we used students’ characteristics into a Structural Equation Model comparing the distribution of abilities before and after the training.
    Keywords: SEM ; Logical abilities ; Training course effectiveness
    Language: English
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  • 4
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    Course notes on finite games and rational choice (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-04-08
    Description: This book collects notes that were prepared for a university course taught in the Spring of 2018, and delivered to an audience of students enrolled in the Master course in Logic, philosophy and history of science of the University of Florence. The goal of the course was to introduce students to some basic concepts from the area of research generally known as decision theory. This is done by focussing on the concept of ‘rational choice’, which is analyzed, methodologically speaking, by the means of the theory of games. To minimize prerequisites it was decided to restrict the attention to the theory of finite games in particular. The topics treated are vary, and belongs to both the theory of games ‘in normal form’ as well as that of games ‘in extensive form’, as they are usually referred to. The classical issues in both fields, such as the theory of ‘equilibria’ and the study of properties such as determinacy, are carefully discussed to make them clear to beginners and are addressed from a novel perspective which makes use of formal methods that are typical of researches connected with the study of logic.
    Keywords: bic Book Industry Communication::H Humanities::HP Philosophy::HPL Philosophy: logic ; bic Book Industry Communication::P Mathematics & science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science ; thema EDItEUR::Q Philosophy and Religion::QD Philosophy::QDT Topics in philosophy::QDTL Philosophy: logic ; thema EDItEUR::P Mathematics and Science::PD Science: general issues::PDA Philosophy of science
    Language: English
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  • 5
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    Chapter A structural equation model to measure logical competences (2022)
    Firenze University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-09-22
    Description: Logical abilities are a ubiquitous ingredient in all those contexts that take into account soft skills, argumentative skills or critical thinking. However, the relationship between logical models and the enhancement of these abilities is rarely explicitly considered. Two aspects of the issue are particularly critical in our opinion, namely: (i) the lack of statistically relevant data concerning these competences; (ii) the absence of reliable indices that might be used to detect and measure the possession of abilities underlying the aforementioned skills. This paper addresses both aspects of this topic by presenting the results of a research that we conducted between October and December 2020 on students enrolled in various degree courses at the University of Florence. The dataset has been collected by a three-stage initiative. We started from an entrance examination to assess the students' initial abilities. This test included ten questions, each regarding a specific aspect of logical reasoning. Then, students underwent a short training course to strengthen their knowledge of logic. At the end of the short course, students underwent a final examination to evaluate the effectiveness of the training. To verify the effectiveness of the training program we used students’ characteristics into a Structural Equation Model comparing the distribution of abilities before and after the training.
    Keywords: SEM ; Logical abilities ; Training course effectiveness ; bic Book Industry Communication::J Society & social sciences::JH Sociology & anthropology::JHB Sociology::JHBC Social research & statistics
    Language: English
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  • 6
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    Combination strategy for consistent final, rapid and predicted Earth rotation parameters (2023)
    In:  Journal of Geodesy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-01-12
    Description: The accurate knowledge of the Earth’s orientation and rotation in space is essential for a broad variety of scientific and societal applications. Among others, these include global positioning, near-Earth and deep-space navigation, the realisation of precise reference and time systems as well as studies of geodynamics and global change phenomena. In this paper, we present a refined strategy for processing and combining Very Long Baseline Interferometry (VLBI), Satellite Laser Ranging (SLR), Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS), and Doppler Orbitography and Radiopositioning Integrated by Satellite (DORIS) observations at the normal equation level and formulate recommendations for a consistent processing of the space-geodetic input data. Based on the developed strategy, we determine final and rapid Earth rotation parameter (ERP) solutions with low latency that also serve as the basis for a subsequent prediction of ERPs involving effective angular momentum data. Realising final ERPs on an accuracy level comparable to the final ERP benchmark solutions IERS 14C04 and JPL COMB2018, our strategy allows to enhance the consistency between final, rapid and predicted ERPs in terms of RMS differences by up to 50% compared to existing solutions. The findings of the study thus support the ambitious goals of the Global Geodetic Observing System (GGOS) in providing highly accurate and consistent time series of geodetic parameters for science and applications.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 7
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    A wide and collimated radio jet in 3C84 on the scale of a few hundred gravitational radii (2018)
    In:  Nature Astronomy
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-02-12
    Description: Understanding the formation of relativistic jets in active galactic nuclei remains an elusive problem1. This is partly because observational tests of jet formation models suffer from the limited angular resolution of ground-based very-long-baseline interferometry that has thus far been able to probe the structure of the jet acceleration and collimation region in only two sources2,3. Here, we report observations of 3C84 (NGC 1275)—the central galaxy of the Perseus cluster—made with an interferometric array including the orbiting radio telescope of the RadioAstron4 mission. The data transversely resolve the edge-brightened jet in 3C84 only 30 μas from the core, which is ten times closer to the central engine than was possible in previous ground-based observations5 and allows us to measure the jet collimation profile from ~102 to ~104 gravitational radii (rg) from the black hole. The previously found5, almost cylindrical jet profile on scales larger than a few thousand rg is seen to continue at least down to a few hundred rg from the black hole, and we find a broad jet with a transverse radius of ≳250 rg at only 350 rg from the core. This implies that either the bright outer jet layer goes through a very rapid lateral expansion on scales ≲102 rg or it is launched from the accretion disk.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 8
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    Italian 24/7 real-time earthquakes and tsunamis monitoring system (2023)
    In:  XXVIII General Assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics (IUGG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-07-12
    Description: The Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV) has the primary responsibility for the seismic surveillance service of the Italian territory and the tsunami alert in the Mediterranean Sea.The activities in the monitoring room at the INGV National Earthquake Observatory headquarters in Rome (hereafter INGV-Rome), are carried on by two seismologists, one tsunami specialist and one technician/engineer who work in three shifts a day to provide monitoring service on a 24/7 basis. They calculate, as rapidly and accurately as possible, the location and size of all Italian earthquakes with M2.5+ and swiftly disseminate such information to emergency authorities, to government agencies, to the public and the media by different platforms (email, text message, and via Facebook and Twitter). Starting with hypocentral and magnitude parameters, the moment tensors, the historical seismicity map and the shakemaps are also published in (near) real time. In addition, the INGV-Rome monitoring room hosts the Italian Tsunami Alert Center (CAT-INGV). CAT-INGV is one of the Tsunami Service Providers acting in the North-eastern Atlantic, the Mediterranean and connected sea (NEAM) region of the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission (IOC)/UNESCO and is responsible for monitoring the seismicity of the Mediterranean Sea and disseminating tsunami alert messages to member States and EU agencies subscribing its services. The operation and the performance of the INGV monitoring system is ensured by a dedicated research and IT staff who facilitate real-time waveform acquisition and distribution, develop real-time seismic processing systems and new processing algorithms.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject
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  • 9
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    RadioAstrondiscovery of a mini-cocoon around the restarted parsec-scale jet in 3C 84 (2023)
    In:  Astronomy and Astrophysics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-23
    Description: We present RadioAstron space-based very long baseline interferometry (VLBI) observations of the nearby radio galaxy 3C 84 (NGC 1275) at the centre of the Perseus cluster. The observations were carried out during a perigee passage of the Spektr-R spacecraft on September 21–22, 2013 and involved a global array of 24 ground radio telescopes observing at 5 GHz and 22 GHz, together with the Space Radio Telescope (SRT). Furthermore, the Very Long Baseline Array (VLBA) and the phased Very Large Array (VLA) observed the source quasi-simultaneously at 15 GHz and 43 GHz. Fringes between the ground array and the SRT were detected on baseline lengths up to 8.1 times the Earth’s diameter, providing unprecedented resolution for 3C 84 at these wavelengths. We note that the corresponding fringe spacing is 125 μas at 5 GHz and 27 μas at 22 GHz. Our space-VLBI images reveal a previously unseen sub-structure inside the compact ∼1 pc long jet that was ejected about ten years earlier. In the 5 GHz image, we detected, for the first time, low-intensity emission from a cocoon-like structure around the restarted jet. Our results suggest that the increased power of the young jet is inflating a bubble of hot plasma as it carves its way through the ambient medium of the central region of the galaxy. Here, we estimate the minimum energy stored in the mini-cocoon, along with its pressure, volume, expansion speed, and the ratio of heavy particles to relativistic electrons, as well as the density of the ambient medium. About half of the energy delivered by the jet is dumped into the mini-cocoon and the quasi-spherical shape of the bubble suggests that this energy may be transferred to a significantly larger volume of the interstellar medium than what would be accomplished by the well-collimated jet on its own. The pressure of the hot mini-cocoon also provides a natural explanation for the almost cylindrical jet profile seen in the 22 GHz RadioAstron image.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/article
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  • 10
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    EOP predictions collected during the operational phase of the Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2023)
    GFZ Data Services
    Details
    Publication Date: 2024-01-08
    Description: This dataset contains predictions of Earth orientation parameters (EOP) submitted during the Second Earth Orientation Parameters Prediction Comparison Campaign (2nd EOP PCC). The 2nd EOP PCC has been carried out by Centrum Badań Kosmicznych Polskiej Akademii Nauk CBK PAN in Warsaw in cooperation with the GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences in Potsdam (Germany) and under the auspices of the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service (IERS) within the IERS Working Group on the 2nd EOP PCC. The purpose of the campaign was to re-assess the current capabilities of EOP forecasting and to find most reliable prediction approaches. The operational part of the campaign lasted between September 1, 2021 and December 28, 2022. Throughout the duration of the 2nd EOP PCC, registered campaign participants submitted forecasts for all EOP parameters, including dX, dY, dPsi, dEps (components of celestial pole offsets), polar motion, differences between universal time and coordinated universal time, and its time-derivative length-of-day change. These submissions were made to the EOP PCC Office every Wednesday before the 20:00 UTC deadline. The predictions were then evaluated once the geodetic final EOP observations from the forecasted period became available. Each participant could register more than one method, and each registered method was assigned an individual ID, which was used, e.g., for file naming. The dataset contains text files with predicted parameters as submitted by campaign participants and MATLAB file which is a database with all correct predictions from each participant loaded into a structure.
    Language: English
    Type: info:eu-repo/semantics/workingPaper
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