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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Results of a study to determine the optimum laser rod diameter for maximum output energy in a solid state neodymium laser transversely pumped with multiple laser diode arrays are reported here. Experiments were performed with 1.0 mm, 1.5 mm and 2.0 mm rod radii of both neodymium doped Y3Al5O12 (Nd:YAG) and La2Be2O5 (Nd:BeL) pumped with laser diode arrays having a maximum combined energy of 10.5 mJ. Equations were derived which predict the optimum rod radius and corresponding output mirror reflectivity for a given laser material and total pump energy. Predictions of the equations agreed well with the experiments for each of the laser materials which possessed significantly different laser properties from one another.
    Keywords: LASERS AND MASERS
    Type: In: Solid state lasers III; Proceedings of the Meeting, Los Angeles, CA, Jan. 20-22, 1992 (A93-53052 23-36); p. 153-165.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The involvement of coenzyme A in many enzyme reactions suggests that it acted in this capacity very early in the development of life on Earth. Particularly relevant in this regard is its role in the activation of amino acids and hydroxy acids in the biosynthesis of some peptide antibiotics--a mechanism of peptide synthesis that forms the basis for the proposal that a thioester world could have preceded the RNA world. The components of coenzyme A have been shown to be probable prebiotic compounds: beta-alanine, pantoyl lactone and cysteamine and possibly adenosine. We show here that the pantetheine moiety of coenzyme A (which also occurs in a number of enzymes) can be synthesized in yields of several per cent by heating pantoyl lactone, beta-alanine and cysteamine at temperatures as low as 40 degrees C. These components are extremely soluble and so would have been preferentially concentrated in evaporating bodies of water, for example on beaches and at lagoon margins. Our results show that amide bonds can be formed at temperatures as low as 40 degrees C, and provide circumstantial support for the suggestion that pantetheine and coenzyme A were important in the earliest metabolic systems.
    Keywords: Exobiology
    Type: Nature (ISSN 0028-0836); Volume 373; 6516; 683-5
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  • 3
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2005-11-17
    Description: Waves in neutral thermosphere
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: NIFICANT ACCOMPLISHMENTS IN SCI., 1968 1969; P 31-34
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2005-11-13
    Description: Solution of breakdown problem at partial pressures in Apollo LEM transceiver
    Keywords: ELECTRONICS
    Type: Voltage Breakdown in Electron. Equipment at Low Air Pressures; P 257-261; JPL-TM-33-280
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Redesign of stored program controllers of pseudonoise coding computer for deep space ranging experiments
    Keywords: COMPUTERS
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  • 6
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    In:  CASI
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Geometric geodesy using Doppler data
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Ultrahigh vacuum measurements for understanding response characteristics of ionization gauges to atmospheric gases
    Keywords: INSTRUMENTATION AND PHOTOGRAPHY
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2006-10-26
    Description: Data on atmosphere of earth obtained from Explorer XVII satellite with Minitrack Optical Tracking System /MOTS/
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2006-02-14
    Description: Biological thiols are essential elements in most aspects of cell function but undergo rapid oxidation to disulfides in the presence of oxygen. The evolution of systems to protect against such oxygen toxicity was essential to the emergence of aerobic life. The protection system used by eukaryotes is based upon glutathione (GSH) and GSH-dependent enzymes but many bacteria lack GSH and apparently use other mechanisms. The objective of this research is to elaborate the thiol protective mechanisms employed by prokaryotes of widely divergent evolutionary origin and to understand why GSH became the central thiol employed in essentially all higher organisms. Thiol-selective fluorescent labeling and HPLC analysis has been used to determine key monothiol components.
    Keywords: SPACE BIOLOGY
    Type: NASA, Washington Second Symposium on Chemical Evolution and the Origin and Evolution of Life; p 96
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2006-01-12
    Description: An overview of the present situation in the field of aircraft icing with respect to certification and operation of nontransport category airplanes is given. Problems of definition and inconsistencies are pointed out. Problems in the forecasting and measurement of icing intensities are discussed. The present regulatory environment is examined with respect to its applicability and appropriateness to nontransport airplanes.
    Keywords: AERODYNAMICS
    Type: NASA. Lewis Res. Center Aircraft Icing; p 31-38
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