ALBERT

Description: Ophioglossum vulgatum in westelijk Zeeuws-Vlaanderen. Op de z.g. Plaat ten zuiden van Oostburg bij Bakkersdam, die ongeveer 10 jaar geleden werd afgegraven, heeft zich een \xe2\x80\x9eexplosie\xe2\x80\x9d van enige duizenden planten van Orchis incarnata en O. praetermissa (soort + vari\xc3\xabteit) gevestigd. Twee jaar geleden vond ik daartussen enkele planten van Orchis militaris. Er bleek dit jaar nu ook een vrij rijke populatie van Ophioglossum vulgatum voor te komen.

Description: From a bryological point of view Greenland is not well known in detail. Unlike Siberia or Arctic America, it is not known through a few large collections, but through multitudes of mostly relatively small gatherings. In this arctic island that is almost 2000 miles long and extends from below 60° N.lat. to nearly 84° N.lat., travel and logistics are difficult. Consequently no over-all study of the whole island has been made, although many collections have been achieved through casual or intensive studies of small areas. Like the other contributions to the knowledge of the bryoflora of Greenland this paper will only deal with a rather limited area; the Angmagssalik district on the East coast of Greenland, ranging from 65° N.lat. to 67°20' N.lat. In 1887 Lange and Jensen published the first and until now the only comprehensive review of specimens and publications on the Musci of Greenland. In their paper the first moss collection from the Angmagssalik area was reported, made in 1884-1885 in the course of ethnographical studies by Gustav Holm (Sphagnum girgensohnii and Polytrichum juniperinum), the first European to visit this part of East Greenland.

Description: The water economy, the mineral content of the soil, and human influence are the principal ecological factors governing the variation of the heath vegetation of a limited region. Sloping of the surface is also an important factor. In hilly country it is of a twofold nature: on the one hand the difference between high and low altitudes, based on the water economy, on the other hand differences in (micro-) climate. If the hills are higher, this results in greater climatic differences. In extremely oceanic and in boreal regions a rise in altitude of 100 m is sufficient for creating a noticeable decrease in temperature and an increase in precipitation, aerial moisture, and wind force. This results in the occurrence on the hills of heath communities that have their main distribution more to the North. The same observation was made by Gimingham (1961). On Slieve League on the Donegal coast (Ireland) Salix herbacea and Lycopodium selago occur in the heath at an altitude of 600 m, near Tongue on the Scottish north coast Dryas octopetala, Saxifraga oppositifolia, Alchemilla alpina and Thalictrum alpinum at an altitude of 60 m. West of Apeldoorn in the Netherlands are found extensive stretches of heath with abundant Vaccinium myrtillus and V. vitis-idaea at an elevation of 60-80 m, even on south-facing slopes. This is an area with high precipitation due to ascending air west of the hill ridge of the Eastern-Veluwe. Here the Vacciniums, elsewhere requiring the protection of the forest, can tolerate the habitat of the open heath (Stoutjesdijk, 1959; De Smidt, 1966). Higher elevation combined with north-facing slopes creates extreme conditions e.g. on Roc Trévézel (300—360 m) in Brittany, with Vaccinium myrtillus, Melampyrum pratense, Hymenophyllum wilsonii and Rhytidiadelphus loreus. These species are virtually lacking in the surrounding plains where the heath consists of such South Atlantic species as Erica cinerea, E. ciliaris, Ulex gallii, Lobelia urens, Lithospermum prostratum and Symethis planifolia.

Description: Frutex epiphyticus, ramis quadrangularibus, angulis lenticellatis. Folia ramorum fertilium petiolis 2-5 mm longis, 1.5-2 mm latis; lamina chartacea vel subcoriacea, oblanceolato-oblonga vel interdum elliptico-oblonga, 9-14 cm longa, 3-4.5 cm lata, ápice acuminata, acumen 1-2 cm longum, basi attenuata, costa subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus prominentibus vel prominulis, glandulis hypophyllis aliquot patelliformibus vel foveolatis, parvis, 3-5 in folii parte inferiore oblique seriatis, aliis minutis, punctiformibus, nigricantibus, aequaliter dispersis. Flores in racemis umbelliformibus (20-) 30-45-floris; rhachis ad circa 1 cm longa; nectaria clavato-cucullata, stipitata, stipes 5-8 mm longus, cucullus 1-1.5 cm longus, circa 4-5 mm diametro, ore late-rotundata, margine plerumque recurvo, apiculata; pedicelli 5-7 cm longi, lenticellati; bracteolae sepaloideae, circa 1 mm longae, 2-3 mm latae; sepala suborbicularia vel reniformia, circa 2-3 mm longa, circa 4-5 mm lata, margine glandulosa; corolla oblongo-subconoidea, circa 1 cm longa, circa 4-5 mm diametro; stamina 18-33, filamentis applanatis, liberis, inaequalibus, in alabastro 4-6 mm longis, antheris linearibus, 3-5 mm longis, circa 1 mm latis, basi subsagittatis; ovarium circa 2-3 mm diametro, 6-11-loculare. Fructus globosus, circa 9 mm diametro, stylo persistenti ornatus. Typus : Costa Rica, vicinity of Vara Blanca, North slope of Central Cordillera, between Poás and Barba Volcanoes, alt. 1700 m, April 1938, Skutch 3762 (holotype US; isotypes GH, MO, NY, S). Paratypes; Costa Rica: Heredia: Cerro de las Caricias, North of San Isidro. Standley & Valerio 52202, 52248,52375 (US); Panama:Chiriquí: Boquetedistrict, Bajo Chorro, Davidson 398 (GH, US).

Description: A survey is given of the types of the sclereids and the sclereid patterns occurring in the leaves of the Marcgraviaceae. Eight main categories of sclereids are distinguished on the base of the morphology of the sclereids. A comparison is made with the foliar sclereids found in some other families. The systematic value and the function of the sclereids are briefly discussed. Some new combinations of names are published.

Description: Les systèmes radiculaires des espèces des prés salés du Juncion maritimi ont été étudiés. Nous avons distingué six types morphologiques principaux d’enracinement. Les particularités des différents types et espèces ont été décrites et dessinées. La répartition des différents types d’enracinement dans le Junco-Triglochinetum et le Caricetum divisae a été interprétée écologiquement. Les racines de nombreuses espèces du Juncion maritimi sont pourvues de lacunes aérifères. C’est une adaptation au niveau élevé de la nappe phréatique. La résistance mécanique du sol a également une influence sur le système radiculaire. La concurrence des systèmes radiculaires a été discutée. On a essayé de différencier les groupements végétaux par leurs types d’enracinement. Je tiens à remercier M. J. Braun-Blanquet, directeur de la Station Internationale de Géobotanique Méditerranéenne et Alpine à Montpellier, de son aide et de l’intérêt stimulant qu’il a porté à mon travail, et M. J.-M. Betsch de son conseil. Les subventions de la Koninklijke Nederlandse Akademie van Wetenschappen (Montpellier fonds) et du Utrechts Universiteitsfonds m’ont facilité le séjour à la Station et rendu possible ces recherches.

Description: In a recent paper by Mrs. Gray [J. Arnold Arb. 43 (1962) 74] a new species of Podocarpus was proposed from Morotai, P. filicifolius. Inasmuch as the description of the leaves corresponds exactly with juvenile P. vitiensis (not previously reported from the Moluccas) and the description of the fruit corresponds exactly with P. blumei (whose range includes the Moluccas), it was of interest to confirm whether the fruit in question was attached to the foliage material described. An examination of the specimen ( Kostermans 1949), in Leyden revealed that the fruit was collected separately and that sterile specimens of P. blumei were also collected in the general vicinity ( Kostermans 1660, 50 m). Dr. van Steenis kindly wrote to Dr. Kostermans concerning the particulars of the collection of these specimens. Kostermans writes: ‘Kostermans 1215 of G. Pare-Pare, 1000 m (apparently the same as the unnumbered specimen in Leiden), I picked from a sterile treelet c. 3 m high. There is an unidentified specimen of it in Herb. Bog., which looks to me like P. vitiensis.’ ‘Kostermans 1660 is also sterile. I remember to have cut a large tree in Morotai which fell into a ravine after cutting and remained out of reach; that was a Podocarpus and presumably we have picked some fruits from the ground.’ ‘I quite well remember the collecting of P. vitiensis on top of G. Pare-Pare; almost all of it (?) was sterile, but still I found it necessary to collect samples. P. neriifolius was certainly on this ridge, but no P. blumei.

Description: In Westphalian strata of the Cantabrian Mountains, northern Palencia, Spain, the sphinctozoan sponges Amblysiphonella and Cystauletes are quite common; Sollasia is much rarer. This is the first occurrence of Cystauletes in Europe. The great variability of Amblysiphonella barroisi and Cystauletes mammilosus is demonstrated with abundant material. One new species Cystauletes maior is described. All three genera are associated with Dasycladaceae, which indicates a very shallow water environment.

Description: Frutex scandens. Folia petiolis 4-8 mm longis; lamina coriacea, obovatooblonga vel oblonga vel interdum lanceolata, valde asymmetrica, 7-14 cm longa, 2.5-5 cm lata, apice subacuta vel leviter acuminata vel obtusa, basi cuneala vel acuta, costa supra plana vel prominula, subtus prominente, nervis lateralibus supra et subtus plerumque prominentibus; glandulae hypophyllae minutae, saepe vix manifestae, secus marginem seriatim dispositae vel dispersae. Flores in racemis multifloris (ad 50 vel ultra); rhachis 10-15 cm longa, ochracea, furfuraceo-puberula; pedicelli 1-2 cm longi, ca 1 mm in diametro, subtiliter ochraceo-puberuli; nectaria calcariformia, auriculata, parva, ad ca 1 cm longa, calcari clavato, 5-7 mm longo, 1-2 mm in diametro, auriculis calcari paulo brevioribus, 3-4 mm longis; bracteolae perlate triangulares, 1-1.5 mm longae, 1.5-2 mm latae; sepala transverse subelliptica vel suborbicularia, ca 1.5 mm longa, 2-2.5 mm lata; petala oblonga, 4-6 mm longa, 2-3 mm lata, ad basim circa per 1 mm connata, per anthesim reflexa; stamina 5, filamentis applanatis, 3-3.5 mm longis, ad basim ca 1 mm latis, apicem versus angustatis, basibus petalorum insertis, antheris ca 1.5 mm longis; ovarium quinquangulare, 5-loculare, stigmate sessili, crasso, radiato-lobato. typus: Colombia: Chocó: Banks of Quebrada Togoromá, dense tidal forest, June 13, 1944, Killip & Cuatrecasas 39146 (holotype US; isotypes F, MO). Paratypes: Colombia: Valle: Río Calima (región del Chocó); margen derecha, lomas frente a Quebrada de la Brea, Cuatrecasas 21090 (F); Nariño; Western Cordillera, above Diviso (Njambí), Vogel 64 (U).

Description: De Marseille à la frontière espagnole s’étend le long de la Méditerranée une large plaine côtière. En arrière de la côte s’allonge une chaîne d’étangs saumâtres peu profonds, qui avaient autrefois une étendue beaucoup plus grande. Le comblement de ces étangs se poursuit (voir Braun-Blanquet et al., 1958). Autour des étangs, la végétation halophile, qui prend une grande extension, s’ordonne selon la salinité du sol. La succession de la végétation, à partir des étangs jusqu’au Populetum albae, passe par les associations suivantes: Suaedo-Salsoletum, Salicornietum fruticosae, Junco-Triglochinetum, Agropyro-Inuletum, Caricetum divisae, Agropyro-Trifolietum maritimi et Molinietum mediterraneum.