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  • 1
    Series available for loan
    Series available for loan
    Failure of an ice bridge (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/29
    In: CRREL Report, 76-29
    Description / Table of Contents: In order to verify current theoretical equations on ice bearing capacity, a heavily loaded truck was used to make successive passes over two ice bridges. Equipment, weather and the normal problems associated with field work resulted in only one complete breakthrough test. Breakthrough occurred on one bridge with a vehicle weight of 53,630 lb (24,327 kg) and an ice thickness of 17.5 in. (44.5 cm). Since only one test was completed, the conclusions drawn cannot be unequivocal. However, the results do indicate that Nevel's equation for ultimate failure of a floating ice sheet is a good working tool.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 19 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-29
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9523
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Introduction Location Test procedure Loading Site preparation and bridge construction Deflection measurements Conclusions Literature cited Appendix, Test data
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  • 2
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    Remote sensing of land use and water quality relationships - Wisconsin Shore, Lake Michigan (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/30
    In: CRREL Report, 76-30
    Description / Table of Contents: The focus of this investigation was to assess the utility of remote sensing techniques in the study of land use-water quality relationships in an east central Wisconsin test area. The following types of aerial imagery were evaluated for this purpose: high altitude (60,000 ft) color, color infrared, multispectral black and white, and thermal; low altitude (less than 5000 ft) color infrared, multispectral black and white, thermal, and passive microwave. A non-imaging hand-held four-band radiometer was evaluated for utility in providing data on suspended sediment concentrations. Land use analysis includes the development of mapping and quantification methods to obtain baseline data for comparison to water quality variables. Suspended sediment loads in streams, determined from water samples, were related to land use of dfferences and soil types in three major watersheds. A multiple correlation coefficient R of 0.85 was obtained for the relationship between the 0.6-.7 incident and reflected radiation data from the hand-held radiometer and concurrent ground measurements of suspended solids in streams. Applications of the methods and baseline data developed in this investigation include: mapping and quantification of land use; input to watershed runoff models,estimation of effects of land use changes on stream sedimentation; and remote sensing of suspended sediment content of streams. High altitude color infrared imagery was found to be the most acceptable remote sensing technique forthe mapping and measurement of land use types.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vi, 53 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-30
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9521
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) units of measurement lntroduction Objectives Approach and project history Study area Physical setting Cultural setting Documented pollution sources in the study area Evaluation of imagery Photographic imagery Thermal imagery PMIS imagery Land use analysis Analysis of 1972 imagery Analysis of 1974 imagery Soils of Manitowoc, East Twin and Oconto River watersheds Manitowoc River watershed East Twin River watershed Oconto River watershed Water quality data Manitowoc River East Twin River Oconto River Land use/stream sedimentation relationships Results and conclusions Sensor evaluation Land use analysis Mapping approaches Land use/sedimentation relationships Cost effectiveness analysis Recommendations and applications Selected bibliography Appendix A. Precipitation and temperature data
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  • 3
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    Series available for loan
    Freeze-thaw tests of liquid deicing chemicals on selected pavement materials (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/28
    In: CRREL Report, 77-28
    Description / Table of Contents: Tests were conducted to assess the extent of surface degradation resulting from the application of non-chloride deicing chemicals on three types of airfield pavements. The chemicals tested were proprietary mixtures of urea, formamide, and ethylene glycol; sodium chloride, distilled water, and dry specimens were used as controls and for comparison. Pavements included new and old specimens of open-graded asphaltic concrete and old specimens of dense-graded asphaltic concrete. Portland cement concrete specimens used were new and old, with and without air-entrainment. New and old tar rubber concrete specimens were also tested. Samples were subjected to up to 60 freeze-thaw cycles with deicing chemicals flooding their upper surface. Each specimen was rated on a scale of 0-5 after every five freeze-thaw cycles. All PCC specimens showed some surface degradation, whereas the dense- and open-graded asphaltic concretes were largely unaffected.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 16 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-28
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9501
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface Conversion factors: U.S. customary to metric (SI) Units of measurement Introduction Test procedure Pavement types Deicing chemicals Description of tests Discussion Literature cited Appendix A: Test results Appendix B: Portland cement concrete materials data
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  • 4
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    Monograph available for loan
    Katalog dannych i publikacij po Arktike i Antarktike; Vyp. 8. (1979)
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    Call number: AWI G7-84-0849
    In: Katalog dannych i publikacij po Arktike i Antarktike
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 86 S.
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  • 5
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    Subartic plant communities and associated litter and soil profiles in the Caribou Creek Research Watershed, Interior Alaska (1975)
    Hanover, NH : Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-330
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: Studies were completed in several black spruce and aspen/birch communities of the Caribou Creek Watershed. Frequency and basal area or percent cover are detailed for tree, sapling, shrub, herbaceous, moss, and lichen species. Organic layer mass was greatest beneath a north slope black spruce community. Carbon and nitrogen levels were higher in litter layers beneath the hardwood stands, whereas carbon/nitrogen ratios were higher in the living and decaying organic mat beneath black spruce. Concentrations of P, Ca, Mg, Mn and Zn were higher in hardwood than in conifer organic layers. K and Fe concentrations in organic layers were similar beneath hardwoods and conifers. Soils beneath conifer and hardwood stands could not be separated on the basis of pH, %C, %N or C/N ratios. Cation exchange capacity closely reflected %C in all soils. More exchangeable bases were present in soils beneath hardwood communities than beneath black spruce communities. Increases in extractable P were found near the soil surface in aspen-dominated communities. Extractable soil P increased below 15 cm in conifer stands.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iii, 25 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 330
    URL: http://acwc.sdp.sirsi.net/client/search/asset/1014760
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  • 6
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    Monograph available for loan
    Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy; Tom I, Solnečnaja radiacija, radiacionnyj balans, solnečnoe sijanie (1976)
    Leningrad : Gidrometeoizdat
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    Call number: AWI A4-89-0036-1 ; AWI A4-78-0791-1 ; MOP 45231/A / Mitte
    In: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina, Tom 1
    Description / Table of Contents: Contents: Foreword. - Geographical description of the Antarctic stations. - Solar radiation measurements in Antarctica. - Sunshine observations in Antarctica. - References. - Explanations to tables. - SECTION 1. SOLAR RADIATION AND NET RADIATION. - 1. Time of sunrise and sunset on the day dated the 15th. - 2. Sun's altitude at noon and at midnight on the day dated the 15th. - 3. Maximum Sun's altitude. - 4. Dates of the commencement and ending of the polar day and night. - 5. Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes. - 6. Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes with clear sky. - 7. Mean monthly values of total radiation fluxes with continuous total cloudiness. - 8. Mean monthly values of total radiation fluxes with continuous low cloudiness. - 9. Mean monthly values of net radiation with continuous total cloudiness. - 10. Mean monthly values of net radiation with continuous low cloudiness. - 11. Maximum values of radiation fluxes. - 12. Minimum values of radiation fluxes. - 13. Hourly and daily values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 14. Hourly and daily values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 15. Hourly and daily values of diffuse radiation. - 16. Hourly and daily values of total solar radiation. - 17. Hourly and daily values of net radiation. - 18. Extreme daily values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 19. Extreme daily values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 20. Extreme daily values of diffuse radiation. - 21. Extreme daily values of total solar radiation. - 22. Extreme daily values of net radiation. - 23. Frequency of daily values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface in ranges. - 24. Frequency of daily values of total solar radiation in ranges. - 25. Frequency of daily values of net radiation in ranges. - 26. Ten-day values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 27. Ten-day values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 28. Ten-day values of diffuse radiation. - 29. Ten-day values of total solar radiation. - 30. Ten-day values of absorbed radiation. - 31. Ten-day values of net radiation. - 32. Monthly and annual values of solar radiation and mean values of the surface albedo. - 33. Monthly and annual values of solar radiation with clear sky. - 34. Extreme monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 35. Extreme monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 36. Extreme monthly and annual values of diffuse radiation. - 37. Extreme monthly and annual values of total solar radiation. - 38. Extreme mean monthly and annual values of the surface albedo. - 39. Extreme values of the surface albedo. - 40. Extreme monthly and annual values of absorbed radiation. - 41. Extreme monthly and annual values of net radiation. - 42. Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes for the stations with short-period measurements. - 43.Mean monthly values of radiation fluxes for the period of anomalous decrease of the atmosphere transparency. - 44. Monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation at normal incidence. - 45. Monthly and annual values of direct solar radiation on a horizontal surface. - 46. Monthly and annual values of diffuse radiation. - 47. Monthly and annual values of total solar radiation. - 48. Mean monthly and annual values of the surface albedo. - 49. Monthly and annual values of absorbed radiation. - 50. Monthly and annual values of net radiation. - SECTION 2. SUNSHINE. - 51. Duration of sunshine. - 52. Mean duration of sunshine for the day with sunshine. - 53. Relative duration of sunshine. - 54. Number of days without sunshine. - 55. Diurnal variation of the duration of sunshine. - 56. Duration of sunshine: data for individual years. - 57. Mean sunshine duration for the day with sunshine: data for the individual years. - 58. Relative duration of sunshine: data for individual years. - 59. Number of days without sunshine: data for individual years. - Alphabetic index of stations (with the indication of the used period of observation). - List of meteorological stations ( in order of the mentioned data). - Meteorological stations location map.
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 211 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Spravočnik po klimatu Antarktidy / pod red. I. M. Dolgina 1
    Language: Russian
    Note: In kyrillischer Schrift , Inhaltsverzeichnis in englischer Sprache (Seite 5-6)
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  • 7
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    Monograph available for loan
    Katalog dannych i publikacij po Arktike i Antarktike; Vyp. 6. (1976)
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    Call number: AWI G7-84-0848
    In: Katalog dannych i publikacij po Arktike i Antarktike
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: 127 S.
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  • 8
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    The classification and geomorphic implications of thaw lakes on the Arctic coastal plain, Alaska (1975)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Dept. of Defense, Dept. of the Army, Corps of Engineers, Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-202-344
    In: Research report
    Description / Table of Contents: CONTENTS: Abstract. - Preface. - Introduction. - Approach and methods. - Results. - Lake morphology. - Elongation. - Orientation. - Percentage cover (density). - Lake classification. - L1 unit. - L2 unit. - L3 unit. - L4 unit. - L5 and Lu units. - Other units. - Lake basin depths. - Ice volume and basin genesis. - Geological implications. - Conclusions. - Selected bibliography.
    Description / Table of Contents: The lakes of the Arctic Coastal Plain of northern Alaska were classified, based on size, shape, orientation and distribution, into six lake units and three nonlake units. Regional slope and relief were demonstrated to control lake size, the largest lakes occurring on the flattest, northernmost segment of the Coastal Plain. Using ERTS-1 sequential imagery and existing photography and data, lakes were grouped according to three depth ranges, 〈 1 m, 1-2 m and 〉 2 m. Deepest lakes have the longest period of summer ice cover. Ice on shallow lakes melts the earliest. Maximum depths of lakes were computed based on ice volume content of the perennially frozen ground (permafrost) and these agreed with observed values and ranges. The lake classification and regional ERTS-1 coverage also appear to provide additional information on the limits of late-Pleistocene transgressions on the Coastal Plain.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: iv, 21 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: Research report / Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, CRREL, US Army Material Command 344
    URL: https://apps.dtic.mil/sti/pdfs/ADA021226.pdf
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    A laboratory investigation of the mechanics and hydraulics of river ice jams (1977)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-77/9
    In: CRREL Report, 77-9
    Description / Table of Contents: This report presents experimental results on the conditions of initiation of an ice jam by a simple surface obstruction, on the equilibrium thickness of an ice jam formed by accumulation and submergence of ice floes, and on the compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover. In the study on ice jam initiation, it was found that the minimum concentration of floes in the opening of the obstruction at which a jam occurs is nearly independent of the ratio of width of constricted passage to channel width, and is proportional to a negative power of the ratio of floe length to width of constricted passage. From energy analysis of floe submergence, a relationship relating the thickness of a jam formed by accumulation and submergence of floes to the approach flow characteristics was derived and found to fit satisfactorily the experimental data. In experiments on compression strength of floating, fragmented ice cover it was found that the compressive strength is inversely proportional to compression velocity and independent of cover length.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: vii, 45 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 77-9
    URL: https://hdl.handle.net/11681/9482
    Language: English
    Note: CONTENTS Abstract Preface List of symbols Introduction I. Initiation of ice jams by partial surface obstructions A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedure C. Dimensional analysis D. Presentation of results and discussion ΙΙ. Thickness of ice jams due to accumulation and transport of ice floes A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental apparatus and procedures C. Presentation of results E. Conclusion III. Compressive strength of floating fragmented ice covers A. Introductory remarks B. Experimental setup and procedure C. Presentation of results and discussion D. Conclusions Literature cited Appendix A: Experimental results on ice jam initiation Appendix B: Effect of surface tension on submergence velocity of ice floes Appendix C: Experimental results for ice jam thickness study Appendix D: Experimental results on compressive strength of fragmented ice cover
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  • 10
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    Cantilever beam tests on reinforced ice (1976)
    Hanover, NH : U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory
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    Call number: ZSP-201-76/7
    In: CRREL Report, 76-7
    Description / Table of Contents: This report covers a series of cantilever beam tests designed to determined the efficacy of adding reinforcement to an ice cover. Tests were run using 1-in.-diam tree branches, 3/16-in.-diam wire rope and 9/16-in. half-round wood dowels as reinforcement for both seawater and freshwater ice. The results show a definite advantage derived from using reinforcement, even when poorly placed. The results also show that reinforced ice carries a load even after it cracks. Thus, after the initial cracks there is time to remove people and equipment before final breakthrough. One must bear in mind, however, that reinforcement has disadvantages. The darker reinforcement absorbs solar radiation and thereby causes earlier weakening of the ice cover. Also, in many cases the time and effort required to place reinforcement may exceed those required to achieve equal strength by additional thickening of the ice sheet. This study has shown that understanding of the failure mechanism of ice under repetitive loading is poor and that future studies should be performed on this problem. Also, this study covered only cantilever beams. The actual field problem is strengthening a three-dimensional sheet. Hence, distribution and orientation of the reinforcement should be addressed in future studies.
    Type of Medium: Series available for loan
    Pages: v, 12 Seiten , Illustrationen
    Series Statement: CRREL Report 76-7
    URL: https://cdm16021.contentdm.oclc.org/digital/collection/p266001coll1/id/6219
    Language: English
    Note: Contents Abstract Preface Summary Conversion factors: U.S. customary to SI metric units Introduction Typical methods of constructing ice bridges Current knowledge Test program Objectives Equipment Procedure Data General Specific ice sheets Test results Conclusions Recommendations Literature cited
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