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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for high-temperature diffusional creep preserved by rapid cooling of lower crust (North Bohemian shear zone, Czech Republic) (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Volume diffusion and dislocation creep at T ∼ 800 °C led to high finite strain in granulite and orthogneiss of the Ohře crystalline complex (North Bohemian shear zone). Intragranular creep by volume diffusion is indicated by (i) lobate phase boundaries between feldspar and quartz, and (ii) removal of perthite lamellae and precipitation of tiny, aluminium-rich needles at the margins of K-feldspar. The striking diffusional-creep structures imply high interfacial free energy that has been preserved from equilibration as a result of rapid cooling. U–Pb dating of monazite (342 ± 1 Ma) and 40Ar–39Ar dating of muscovite (341 ± 4 Ma) of Kadaň orthogneiss result in a cooling rate of 50 + 25/−17 °C Myr−1. This high value is attributed to collapse-related ‘elevator-style’ movements along the North Bohemian shear zone, resulting in the juxtaposition of upper crustal rocks of the Tepla–Barrandian unit against lower crustal rocks of the Erzgebirge crystalline complex.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00424.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Resolving Cambrian, Carboniferous, Permian and Alpine monazite generations in the polymetamorphic basement of eastern Crete (Greece) by means of the electron microprobe (2002)
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Terra nova 14 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3121
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The electron-microprobe-based investigation of accessory monazites in polished thin sections is a helpful tool in resolving the geochronology of a polymetamorphic basement. The method was applied to variably altered gneisses and micaschists from the retrogressed, originally amphibolite-facies basement in eastern Crete (Greece). The presented data indicate that most monazite formed or recrystallized in response to high fluid activity during Alpine low-temperature metamorphism. This low-temperature monazite is characterized by distinctly low yttrium, uranium and thorium contents. However, older grains were able to survive in less retrogressed samples and have been traced with the electron microprobe, using microstructural and compositional criteria. In-situ chemical Th–U–Pb dating of these pre-Alpine monazites provides evidence for an igneous event in the Cambrian, and two different metamorphic events in the Carboniferous and Permian.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3121.2002.00415.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ductile normal faulting along the West Bohemian Shear Zone (Moldanubian/Tepla-Barrandian boundary): Evidence for late Variscan extensional collapse in the Variscan Internides (1994)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 83 (1994), S. 276-292 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Extensional collapse ; Metamorphic isograds ; Tepla-Barrandian ; Moldanubian ; West Bohemian Shear Zone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Structural and kinematic investigations of the West Bohemian Shear Zone (WBS) clearly indicate late Variscan orogen-parallel (WSW-ENE) extension within the Variscan internides. Along the WBS the western part of the Tepla-Barrandian (TB) was downthrown to the east against the adjacent Moldanubian. According to seismic data, the steeply east-dipping WBS flattens with depth, forming a prominent detachment zone. The western part of the TB was tilted along this zone, producing the patterns of metamorphic isograds, the age of which is probably Cadomian. Cross-cutting relationships of WBS mylonites and Carboniferous granites, as well as the overall cooling ages of hornblende and mica, suggest that ductile normal faulting along the WBS was active from about 330 to 310 Ma. Geothermobarometric data, derived from WBS mylonites, prove that during the extensional movements relatively cold crust of the TB (medium pressure greenschist facies) was juxtaposed to relatively hot Moldanubian crust (low pressure amphibolite facies). Thus mylonites which originate from TB rocks show a first-stage prograde development reaching the lower amphibolite facies under medium pressure conditions. This stage was followed by further (uplift-related) retrograde shearing under low pressure greenschist facies conditions. Extensional movements and the emplacement of granitoids along the WBS, as well as the strong low pressure/high temperature metamorphism of the Moldanubian rocks are remarkably similar in age (Middle Carboniferous). Therefore, a close relationship and mutual dependence of all these features is suggested. Rapid advective thinning of the deeper part of the previously thickened lithosphere and associated rapid crustal uplift are the most probable processes to explain the high Middle Carboniferous heat flow as well as magmatism and extension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00210545
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The KTB superdeep borehole: petrography and structure of a 9-km-deep crustal section (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. S3 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words NE Bavaria ; Germany ; Zone Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss ; KTB pilot borehole (Vorbohrung) ; KTB main borehole (Hauptbohrung) ; Petrography ; Lithological associations ; Structural profile
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The KTB boreholes that were drilled from 1989 to 1994 near Windischeschenbach, NE Bavaria, penetrated rocks of the Zone Erbendorf-Vohenstrauss (ZEV). The upper and lower sections of the 9101m-deep profile are mainly composed of gneiss units (former greywacke sediments) and variegated units (alternating gneisses and metabasites, probably of volcano-sedimentary origin). Metabasic units (amphibolites, metagabbros) constitute mainly the middle section. Geochemical data suggest their derivation from oceanic crust. All rocks are probably pre- to early Ordovician in protolith age. They underwent early Devonian MP metamorphism. Relics of preceeding HP metamorphism are preserved in metagabbros. Felsic to mafic dykes (dominantly Upper Carboniferous lamprophyres) crosscut the metamorphic rocks. The ZEV units are steeply inclined down to the final depth. The main structures (foliation, folds, faults) trend NW–SE. Semibrittle to brittle deformation plays an unexpected important role. In contrast to the conditions of the Mesozoic (mainly Cretaceous/Tertiary) faulting the P–T conditions of MP metamorphism, the cooling ages and the late-Variscan graphite-bearing prehnite–actinolite facies mineralization show no significant depth-dependent gradients. This can be explained by Mesozoic supracrustal stacking. A bundle of reverse faults between 6850 and 7300 m belongs to the Franconian lineament and can be correlated with the most prominent seismic reflector (SE1) in the area.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014663
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Faults and veins in the superdeep well KTB: constraints on the amount of Alpine intra-plate thrusting and stacking of Variscan basement (Bohemian Massif, Germany) (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. S28 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Intra-plate deformation ; KTB ; Bohemian Massif ; Alpine deformation ; Franconian Lineament ; Brittle ; ductile transition ; Antiformal stack ; Very low-grade metamorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The crystalline rocks of the superdeep well KTB (9101 m depth) display abundant late- to post-Variscan brittle–ductile and brittle deformation structures. Clear depth-dependent variations in metamorphic conditions are obvious concerning Cretaceous subhorizontal tension gashes and reverse faults, whereas the Upper Carboniferous structures (subvertical tension gashes and reverse faults) show almost no variations with depth. The lack in depth-dependent gradients can be explained by strong Cretaceous reverse faulting that led to an intra-plate antiformal stack. The frontal ramp of this stack, a broad fault bundle referred to as the Franconian lineament, was drilled at 7300 m depth. It rises from a flat-lying detachment at approximately 9 km depth which corresponds to the brittle–ductile transition zone of quartz-bearing rocks. Supracrustal stacking and thickening along and above this ramp was particularly active during Alpine (Upper Cretaceous) foreland compression. Close to the Franconian lineament the Alpine impact strongly affected the Variscan crustal edifice disturbing the Variscan and late-Variscan depthdependent gradients in KTB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014661
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microstructural evolution and geologic significance of garnet pyriclasites in the Hoher-Bogen shear zone (Bohemian Massif, Germany) (2000)
    Springer
    International journal of earth sciences 88 (2000), S. 803-813 
    Details
    ISSN: 1437-3262
    Keywords: Key words Pyriclasite ; Granulite ; Amphibolite ; Shear zone ; Metamorphism Dehydration ; Hoher-Bogen ; Teplá-Barrandian ; Moldanubian ; Bohemian massif
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ductile extensional movements along the steeply inclined Hoher-Bogen shear zone caused the juxtaposition of Teplá-Barrandian amphibolites, granulites, and metaperidotites against Moldanubian mica schists and paragneisses. Garnet pyriclasites are well preserved within low-strain domains of this shear zone. Their degree of metamorphism is significantly higher than that of the surrounding rocks. Microstructural and mineral chemical data suggest in situ formation of the garnet pyriclasite by dehydration of pyroxene amphibolite at T〉750–840°C and P〈10–13 kbar including recrystallization-accommodated grain-size reduction of plagioclase and clinopyroxene, nucleation of garnet, and breakdown of amphibole into garnet+clinopyroxene+rutile. Subsequent decompression and retrograde extensional shearing led to the formation of mylonitic epidote amphibolite. The presence of lower crustal and mantle-derived slices within the Hoher-Bogen shear zone supports the view that (a) in Upper Devonian times the Teplá-Barrandian unit was thrust over Moldanubian rocks as a complete crustal unit, and (b) that during the subsequent Lower Carboniferous orogenic collapse, the garnet pyriclasite and metaperidotite were scraped off from the basal parts of the Teplá-Barrandian unit being dragged into the Hoher-Bogen shear zone due to dramatic and large-scale elevator-style movements.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050307
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late Cadomian crustal tilting and Cambrian transtension in the Teplá–Barrandian unit (Bohemian Massif, Central European Variscides) (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. 571-584 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words Teplá ; Barrandian ; Cadomian orogeny ; Variscides ; Bohemian Massif ; Barrovian-type metamorphism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Cadomian basement of the Teplá–Barrandian unit is characterized by a classic Barrovian-type metamorphism, the degree of which increases considerably towards the west reaching amphibolite facies conditions in the Domaz˘lice crystalline complex (DCC). The number and volume of plutons also increases towards the west. The emplacement ages of the Te˘s˘ovice granite and the Mrac˘nice trondhjemite have been determined at 521.7±2 Ma and 523+4/–5 Ma, respectively, applying conventional U–Pb analyses of zircons. Pervasive high-temperature prolate fabrics and north-/northwest-dipping, dextral oblique-slip shear zones within the Mrac˘nice trondhjemite suggest a synkinematic melt emplacement within a Lower Cambrian transtensional setting. Transtension is probably related to early-stage rifting that introduced the separation of the Teplá–Barrandian unit (as part of Armorica) from Gondwana. Structural and petrological data of the country rocks show that the Barrovian-type metamorphism and two deformation stages (D1 with unknown kinematics and D2 top-to-the-north shearing) are older than the melt emplacement, and thus can be attributed to the Cadomian orogeny. The intrusion depth of both plutons is nearly the same (ca. 7 km), although the degree of Barrovian-type metamorphism differs significantly within the country rocks. This suggests late Cadomian eastward tilting of the metamorphic isograd planes. The weak post-plutonic, lower-greenschist to subgreenschist facies folding and thrusting result from Variscan northwest/southeast compression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005310050164
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Depth of intrusion and thermal modeling of the Falkenberg granite (Oberpfalz, Germany) (1997)
    Springer
    Geologische Rundschau 86 (1997), S. S87 
    Details
    ISSN: 0016-7835
    Keywords: Key words thermal modeling ; intrusion depth ; melt temperature ; KTB ; Bohemian Massif ; variscides ; Falkenberg granite
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract  The Late Carboniferous Falkenberg granite, exposed 2 km to the east of the German Continental Deep Drilling (KTB) drill site, has solidified at a depth of approximately 9–12 km. The initial temperature of the intrusion was 780–800 °C. The shape of the pluton is approximately that of a horizontal plate with an assumed original thickness of approximately 9 km, 3 km of which having now been removed by erosion. The results of simple one-dimensional thermal modeling, based on conductive heat transfer, suggest cooling to 400 and 350 °C over approximately 6 and 15 m.y., respectively. With respect to the cooling ages of micas, this suggests that the intrusion is somewhat older than previously assumed. The lack of thermal influence in the nearby crustal section recovered by KTB, compared with the width of the contact aureole inferred from the model, is explained by considerable convergence between contact and drilling site. The initial (synemplacement) distance between the granite/ wall-rock contact and the KTB location was at least twice the recent value. This is consistent with Mesozoic crustal shortening, which has resulted in the antiformal stack geometry of the supracrustal slices drilled by KTB.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00014668
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative Bestimmung von Tensiden mittels Flüssig-Chromatographie (HPLC) (1986)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 324 (1986), S. 154-157 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Mit Hilfe der „Reversed Phase Ion-Pair Chromatography“ werden die Möglichkeiten der flüssigchromatographischen Trennung anionenaktiver Netzmittel wie Alkylsulfate und Alkylsulfosuccinate aufgezeigt. Die Detektion dieser nicht UV/VIS-absorbierenden Substanzen erfolgt refraktometrisch. Die Nachweisgrenzen liegen im unteren ppm-Bereich (≤ 10 ppm). Mit dem beschriebenen Verfahren lassen sich Octylhydrogensulfat und Alkylsulfosuccinate ohne Störung durch die restliche Probenmatrix in Diagnostica-Schnellteststreifen quantitativ bestimmen. Der Variationskoeffizient des gesamten Analysenverfahrens einschließlich Probenvorbereitung liegt bei 2 bis 5%.
    Notes: Summary The possibilities of liquid Chromatographic separation of detergents like alkylsulfates and alkylsulfosuccinates are demonstrated by the technique of “Reversed Phase Ion-Pair Chromatography”. The detection of these UV/VIS inactive substances is done by RI-measurements. The limit of detection is at a level of c ≤ 10 ppm. With this procedure octylhydrogensulfate and alkylsulfosuccinate can be determined without matrix interferences in Rapid-Diagnostics. The coefficient of variation of the complete analytical procedure including sample preparation is about 2% to 5%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00473357
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  • 10
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    The Carboniferous to Jurassic evolution of the pre-Alpine basement of Crete: constraints from U-Pb and U-(Th)-Pb dating of orthogneiss, fission-track dating of zircon, structural and petrological data (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 260: 69-90.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: The pre-Alpine evolution of the external Hellenides is poorly constrained because of the Alpine impact which largely erased the older orogenic imprints. Only a few outcrops with pre-Alpine basement exist, one of which is located in eastern Crete. The pre-Alpine basement, part of the Phyllite-Quartzite Unit, is composed of four sub-complexes, which are different in protolith age, type and age of metamorphism, and postmetamorphic cooling history. The lowermost, Kalavros crystalline complex (KCC) underwent Permian amphibolite-facies metamorphism related to top-to-the-NE shearing. The KCC exhibits a four-stage garnet zonation and a late, high-temperature event associated with the growth of K-feldspar. The KCC is overlain by the Myrsini crystalline complex (MCC), which underwent Carboniferous amphibolite facies metamorphism associated with top-to-the-north shearing. Late cooling of the MCC is documented by Jurassic fission track ages of zircon. The Chamezi crystalline complex underwent upper greenschist-facies metamorphism related to top-to-the-north shearing. In addition, the Vai crystalline complex, in an uncertain structural position, is characterized by Triassic emplacement of granite, followed by amphibolite-facies top-to-the-NW shearing and cooling, as is indicated by Jurassic fission-track ages of zircon. A preliminary tectonic model is presented, which invokes south-directed subduction, collision and accretion of the crystalline complexes to the northern margin of Gondwana.
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