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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Flexural fatigue of short glass fiber reinforced a blend of polyphenylene ether ketone and polyphenylene sulfide (1994)
    Springer
    Applied composite materials 1 (1994), S. 183-195 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4897
    Keywords: flexural fatigue ; injection molded composite ; PEK-C/PPS blend ; S-N curves ; Stress ratios
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Flexural fatigue tests were conducted on injection molded glass fiber reinforced a blend of polyphenylene ether ketone and polyphenylene sulfide composite using four-point bending with different stress ratios and different frequencies. The fatigue behavior of this material was described. The constructed S-N curves shift their trends obviously at the maximum cyclic stress being about 80% of the ultimate flexural strength. Examinations of failure surfaces for various loading conditions show that the fatigue failure mechanisms appear to be matrix yielding at high stresses and crack growth at low stresses. Analyses of the fatigue data at various stress ratios reveal that the data at low stress superimpose to form a single curve which is nearly linear when they are plotted as stress range versus number of cycles to failure in bilogarithmic axes, while the data at high stresses also converge to yield a single curve when they are plotted as (S max S range)1/2 against specimen lifetimes (S max is the maximum stress andS range is the stress range). These results show that for the studied material the main factor influencing the lifetime is the stress range at low stresses and the parameter (S max S range)1/2 at high stresses. Comparison of fatigue data in the frequency range of 0.89–7.0 Hz was made, no significant effect of frequency on the fatigue behavior is found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00567526
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature and strain-rate dependence of fracture toughness of phenolphthalein polyether ketone (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 3658-3661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract A strong strain-rate and temperature dependence was observed for the fracture toughness of phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEK-C). Two separate crack-blunting mechanisms have been proposed to account for the fracture-toughness data. The first mechanism involves thermal blunting due to adiabatic heating at the crack tip for the high temperatures studied. In the high-temperature range, thermal blunting increases the fracture toughness corresponding to an effectively higher test temperature. However, in the low-temperature range, the adiabatic temperature rise is insufficient to cause softening and J IC increases with increasing temperature owing to viscoelastic losses associated with the Β-relaxation there. The second mechanism involves plastic blunting due to shear yield/flow processes at the crack tip and this takes place at slow strain testing of the single-edge notched bending (SENB) samples. The temperature and strain-rate dependence of the plastic zone size may also be responsible for the temperature and strain-rate dependence of fracture toughness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351881
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature/rate dependence of yield and fracture behaviour of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 219 (1994), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Abhängigkeit der Streckspannung, des Zugmoduls und der Rißfortpflanzung von der Temperatur und der Dehngeschwindigkeit wurden bei einem Phenolphthalein-Polyetherketon (PEK-C) untersucht. Die Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsabhängigkeit der Rißfortpflanzung sowie die Beziehung zwischen dem Spannungintensitätsfaktor KIC, der Streckspannung und der Art der Rißfortpflanzung lassen vermuten, daß das Außmaß der Rißabstumpfung die relative Härte des PEK-C bestimmt und die beobachteten Übergänge zwischen den Arten der die Rißfortpflanzung induziert. Ein quantitativer Ausdruck, der die Bruchhärte über einen großen Temperatur- und Geschwindigkeitsbereich sehr gut beschreibt, wird vorgestellt.
    Notes: The rate/temperature dependence of yield stress, tensile modulus and crack opening displacement of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (PEK-C) has been investigated. The rate/temperature dependence of crack opening displacement and the correlation established between stress intensity factor, KIC, yield stress, and type of crack growth suggest that the extent of crack tip blunting largely governs the relative toughness of PEK-C and induces transitions in the types of crack growth observed. A quantitative expression is then presented which successfully describes the fracture toughness values over a wide range of temperatures and rates.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052190111
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature effect on impact fracture toughness and fracture mechanism of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 225 (1995), S. 63-72 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Der Temperatureinfluß auf die Bruchfestigkeit Kc und die kritische Freisetzungsrate der Formänderungsarbeit Gc von Phenolphthalein-Poly(etherketon) (PEK-C) wurde mit einer Schlagprüfapparatur untersucht. Der Einfluß der Temperatur auf Kc wurde mit Relaxationsvorgängen sowie dem thermischen Abstumpfen der Rißspitze erklärt. Bei der Untersuchung der Bruchflächen wurden Rißwachstumsbänder beobachtet, deren Entstehung auf Veränderungen im Rißwachstum von Crazes zurückgeführt wird, die im Spannungsfeld der Rißspitzen gebildet werden. Beim Fortschreiten des Risses werden die Spannungen lokal abgebaut, wodurch die Wachstumsgeschwindigkeit abnimmt und Mikrorißbündel zusammenwachsen, entlang denen der Riß weiterwächst.
    Notes: Phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (PEK-C) was tested using an instrumented impact tester to determine the temperature effect on the fracture toughness Kc and critical strain energy release rate Gc. Two different mechanisms, namely the relaxation processes and thermal blunting of the crack tip were used to explain the temperature effect on the fracture toughness. Examination of the fracture surfaces revealed the presence of crack growth bands. It is suggested that these bands are the consequence of variations in crack growth along crazes that are formed in the crack tip stress field. As the crack propagates, the stress is relaxed locally, decreasing the growth rate allowing a new bundle of crazes to nucleate along which the crack advances.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052250106
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yield behaviour and viscoelastic interpretation by activation volume of phenolphthalein polyether ketone (1994)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 221 (1994), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Phenolphthaleinpolyetherketon zeigt ein bemerkenswertes Zugfließverhalten. Die Fließspannung hängt von der Streckrate ab, und das Aktivierungsvolumen V kann aus der Fließspannung und auch aus dem Kriech- und Spannungsrelaxationsverhalten berechnet werden. Daher läßt sich das Fließverhalten durch die Viskoelastizität interpretieren.
    Notes: Phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEK-C) exhibits a marked tensile yield behaviour. The yield stress depends on strain rate and the activation volume V could be evaluated from the data of the yield stress. From the creep and stress relaxation behaviour, V could also be evaluated. So the yield behaviour can be interpreted by the viscoelasticity.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1994.052210113
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Instrumented impact testing of phenolphthalein polyether ketoneKey Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 243 (1996), S. 39-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Charpy-Schlagbruchverhalten von ungekerbten Probekörpern aus Phenolphthalein-Polyetherketon (PEK-C) wurde über einen Temperaturbereich von Raumtemperatur bis 220°C mit einem instrumentierten Schlagbruchtester gemessen. Die Zeit-Belastungs- und Zeit-Energie-Kurven von PEK-C wurden bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen aufgezeichnet. Von diesen Kurven wurden einige wichtige Parameter wie die Maximalbelastung, die Maximalspannung, die Gesamtschlagenergie sowie die Energie zur Brucheinleitung und -fortpflanzung bestimmt und ihre Temperatur-abhängigkeiten untersucht. Es wurde gefunden, daß die Fließgrenze der 100%-Maximalbelastung in der Zeit-Belastungs-Kurve entspricht. Die Zähigkeit der PEK-C-Polymeren wurde durch das Duktilitätsverhältnis und den Duktilitätsindex charakterisiert. Die Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Parametern und den Relaxationsprozessen werden diskutiert.
    Notes: The Charpy impact fracture behaviour of unnotched specimens of phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEK-C) was studied over a temperature range from room temperature to 220°C by using an instrumented impact tester. The load-time and energy-time curves of PEK-C at different temperatures were recorded. From these curves, some important parameters, such as the maximum impact load, the maximum stress, the total impact energy, the crack initiation energy, the crack propagation energy etc., were obtained and their temperature dependences of PEK-C were investigated. The point of 100 percent maximum load on the load-time trace was shown to be the yield point. Two parameters, the ductile ratio (D.R.) and the ductility index (D.I.) were applied to characterize the ductility of PEK-C and their relationships to the relaxation processes were discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052430103
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of the crack growth method and the crack stress whitening zone method for the fracture toughness determination of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 225 (1995), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Bruchzähigkeit von Phenolphthalein-Poly(etherketon) bei 190°C wurde mit zwei verschiedenen Methoden bestimmt, der konventionellen Rißwachstumsmethode und der „stress whitening zone“-Methode. Die gute Übereinstimmung der Ergebnisse zeigt, daß letztere Methode zur Bestimmung der Rißinitiierung einiger Polymerer herangezogen werden kann, für die das „blunting line concept“ nicht geeeignet ist.
    Notes: Fracture toughness values of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (PEK-C) at 190°C were determined by two different methods, i.e. the conventional crack growth method and the crack stress whitening zone method, which show consistent results. This indicates that the crack stress whitening zone method can be used to determine the crack initiation of some polymers for which the blunting line concept is unsuitable.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052250112
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The izod impact fracture behaviour of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone)Key Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 227 (1995), S. 131-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Das Izod-Schlagbruchverhalten von gekerbten Probekörpern aus Phenolphthalein Polyetherketon (PEK-C) wurde über einen Temperaturbereich von Raumtemperatur bis 240°C mit einem instrumentierten Schlagversuchstester gemessen. Die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Maximalbelastung, der Gesamtschlagenergie, der Energie zur Brucheinleitung und -fortpflanzung, des Duktilitätsindexes (DI) und die Zusammenhänge zwischen diesen Parametern und den Relaxationsprozessen wurden untersucht.
    Notes: The Izod impact fracture behaviour of notched specimens of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (PEK-C) has been studied over a temperature range from room temperature to 240°C by using an instrumented impact tester. The temperature dependence of the maximum load, total impact energy, initiation energy, propagation energy, ductility index (DI) and the relationships between these parameters and the relaxation processes have been investigated.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052270113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simple models for stress relaxation and yield phenomenon of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone)Key Project of the National Science Foundation of China. (1995)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 226 (1995), S. 59-69 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Mit Hilfe der Spannungsrelaxationskurven von Phenolphthalein-Poly(etherketon) (PEK-C) bei unterschiedlichen Temperaturen und dem Prinzip der Zeit-Temperatur-Äquivalenz wurden Masterkurven von PEK-C bei beliebigen Referenztemperaturen ermittelt. Mit dem Kopplungsmodell nach Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts wird die Temperaturabhängigkeit der Spannungsrelaxation quantitativ erklärt und eine Beziehung zwischen der Spannungsrelaxation und dem Fließverhalten vorgeschlagen.
    Notes: According to stress relaxation curves of phenolphthalein poly(ether ketone) (PEK-C) at different temperatures and the principle of time-temperature equivalence, the master curves of PEK-C at arbitrary reference temperatures are obtained. A coupling model (Kohlrausch-Williams-Watts) is applied to explain quantitatively the different temperature dependence of stress relaxation behavior and the relationship between stress relaxation and yield phenomenon is established through the coupling model.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1995.052260107
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Plastic zone in front of mode I crack in phenolphthalein polyether ketoneKey Project of the National Natural Science Foundation of China. (1996)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Makromolekulare Chemie 235 (1996), S. 47-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-3146
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Die Größe des Plastifikationsbereichs und die Verschiebung der Rißverbreiterung bei der Rißbildung in Phenolphthalein-Polyetherketon (PEK-C) wurden bei unterschiedlichen Bedingungen untersucht. Beide Eigenschaften nehmen mit steigender Temperatur (bei abnehmender Dehnungsgeschwindigkeit) zu, d. h. die Streckspannung nimmt stetig ab. Der die Streckspannung erhöhende Mechanismus führt zu zunehmender Spannung in der Rißspitze und einer entsprechenden Abnahme der Verschiebung der Rißverbreiterung und des Plastifikationsbereiches. Der Einfluß der Plastifikation auf die Bruchhärte wurde ebenfalls untersucht.
    Notes: The plastic zone size and crack opening displacement of phenolphthalein polyether ketone (PEK-C) at various conditions were investigated. Both of them increase with increasing temperature (decreasing strain rate), i.e. yield stress steadily falls. Thus, the mechanism increasing the yield stress leads to increased constraint in the crack tip and a corresponding reduction in the crack opening displacement and the plastic deformation zone. The effect of the plastic deformation on the fracture toughness is also discussed.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/apmc.1996.052350105
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