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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis of a helical metallocene oligomer (1986)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of the American Chemical Society 108 (1986), S. 2790-2791 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5126
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00270a068
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A Short Fatigue Crack Growth Law for 1Cr18Ni9Ti Weld Metal (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 324-325 (Nov. 2006), p. 571-578 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A series of uniaxial-compression tests were conducted on some representative brittle rockspecimens, such as granite, marble and dolerite. A multi-channel, high-speed AE signal acquiringand analyzing system was employed to acquire and record the characteristics of AE events anddemonstrate the temporal and spatial distribution of these events during the rupture-brewingprocess. The test result showed that in the primary stage, many low amplitude AE events weredeveloped rapidly and distributed randomly throughout the entire specimens. In the second stage,the number of AE increased much slower than that in the first stage, while the amplitude of mostAE events became greater. Contrarily to the primary stage, AE events clustered in the middle areaof the specimen and distributed vertically conformed to the orientation of compression. The mostdistinct characteristic of this stage was a vacant gap formed approximately in the central part of thespecimen. In the last stage, the number of AE events increased sharply and their magnitudeincreased accordingly. The final failure location coincidently inhabited the aforementioned gap. Themain conclusion is that most macrocracks are developed from the surrounding microcracks existedearlier and their positions occupy the earlier formed gaps, and the AE activity usually becomesquite acute before the main rupture occurs
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.324-325.571.pdf
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Method for Parameters Estimation of Probabilistic Fatigue Crack Growth Rate Model (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 324-325 (Nov. 2006), p. 615-618 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A new method is proposed to estimate the parameters of probabilistic fatigue crack growthrate models, including the Paris equation and its’ improved type. To take the statistical characteristicsof whole test data into account, the method inherits the idea from the general maximum likelihoodmethod which is widely used in parameters estimation of fatigue S-N curves, ε-N curves, andda/dN-"K curves, and extends the conventional correlation coefficient optimization method intoparameters evaluation not only for mean curve, but also for standard deviation curve and probabilisticcurve. Analysis on the test data of 16MnR steel indicates that present method is available and feasible.Comparing to the general maximum likelihood method, present method has simpler algorithm, andcan avoid constructing and solving the likelihood function, so it is speedier in calculation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.324-325.615.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Progresses on the Fatigue Reliability Research of China Railway Vehicles in Recent Decade (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 1-14 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Main progresses are reviewed and prospected from four elements on the fatigue reliabilityanalysis research of China railway vehicles during recent decade. First, material fatigue database hasbeen moderately developed and an emphasis was placed on the systemized fatigue properties. Second,a great of on-line inspections have been performed on the wheel-track contact forces and servicestresses of key structures. A reliable vehicle dynamics simulation technique has been developed forsimulating the contact forces and a multi-variable quadratic regression approach has been proposed tocalculate the service stresses for recuing imperfect inspections. Third, systemized fatigue reliabilityresearches have been made on improved fatigue limit measurement, probabilistic S-N curves,scale-deduced fatigue behavior, design Goodman-Smith diagram, and reliability analysis approach toaddress on the real super-long life of railway vehicle’s structures. Fourth, a critical safety state theoryis established to address the time-dependent off-round wheel wear and the interactive fatigue damagebetween components. Fatigue cracking threshold measurement is improved. And a fatigue crackgrowth modeling is developed to cover entire physical process from the threshold to the fracture. Theaxle critical safety sizes are determined under considering the off-round wheel and the wheel criticalsafety wear sizes are measured to ensure the axle expected safety life. All researches are valuable tobe further studied
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.1.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of the Probabilistic Fatigue S-N Curves Including Super-Long Life Regime for a Railway Axle Steel (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: The structures of railway vehicles are required to service in super-long life regime.Determination of the probabilistic S-N curves including the regime should be a basic work to realizethe real fatigue life prediction and reliability assessment.Based on the test results of Chinese railway LZ50 axle carbon steel, a statistical extrapolatingmethod is proposed to determine the curves by applying the conventional test data in mid-long liferegime. Some phenomena, i.e. the response of “fatigue limit”, a great of heat affecting using the highfrequency ultrasonic fatigue test system, and the non-conservative test results using the conventionalfrequency tiny multi-specimen test system (machine C), are firstly mentioned in the existentsuper-long life researches. The too much conservative offers are also noted by the determinations ofexistent codes. To address the variable amplitude loads in production, the present methodextrapolates continuously the curves from the mid- to super-long life regimes under the statisticalcontrols of conventional fatigue limits. The practice for the present material indicates that the curvescan well reflect the scattered data not only in mid-long life regime but also in super-long life regime.The non-conservative test results using machine C are also safely included by the curves
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.57.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measurement on Scale-Induced Fatigue Behaviour for Railway Axle (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 65-70 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Transferring of fatigue behavior is investigated from material to structure for Chineserailway LZ50 axle carbon steel. S-N data in mid-fatigue life range and fatigue limit data of smoothsmall specimens are applied for material fatigue behavior. Real axles and similar smooth biggerspecimens were tested with respect to fatigue limits. The data of real axles reveal the differencebetween material and a special structure. And the data of similar specimens play a role of bridge toconnect material and material structures. Probabilistic transferring relations are deduced by the datafrom material, to similar specimens, and then to structures at the fatigue limit phase. Structuralprobabilistic S-N curves are obtained by the material fatigue behavior to extend the transferringrelations to entire fatigue life range. Determinations of the fatigue behavior of the groove of LZ50steel axle indicate availability of the present investigation
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.65.pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probabilistic Cyclic Stress-Strain Relations of a Cast Steel for Railway Bogie Frame (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 557-562 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Experimental study is performed on the probabilistic cyclic stress-strain responses of gradeB cast steel, which is utilized in the manufacture of Chinese K6 type bogie. Fatigue test is carried outby an incremental strain-controlled method with 8 strain levels. Analysis of test data and observationon fatigue fracture surfaces of test specimens indicate that difference and evolution of localconditions are basic causes of the random fatigue damage behavior. So it is verified again that therandom character of stress-strain responses is an intrinsic fatigue behavior of engineering materials.Taking the scattering regularity and the size of specimens into account, cyclic constitutive models ofpresent test data with arbitrary probability and confidence are obtained. The analysis reveals thatthese models can reflect the random responses of material correctly
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.557.pdf
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Management System on Fatigue Reliability Database of Chinese Engineering Materials (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 925-934 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: A management system on fatigue and fracture reliability database is developed for Chineseengineering materials. Considering extensibility, maintainability, reliability, safety, economy, andconvenient usage, the system was established on a basis of combining technologies of IIS+ASP.NET+ADO.NET+SQL Server. Seven sub-databases were included. Main contents consist of probabilisticfatigue constitutions, fatigue strengths, strength-life curves, strain strength-life curves, crackingthresholds, fracture roughness values, and fatigue crack growth rates. Three searching ways areprovided respectively by material name, chemical compositions, and mechanical properties. Perfectinformation for the seven sub-databases has been derived to benefit the wide applications for practice
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.925.pdf
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reconstruction of the Material Probabilistic S-N Relations under Fatigue Life Following Lognormal Distribution I-without Given Confidence (2006)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Key engineering materials Vol. 324-325 (Nov. 2006), p. 1043-1046 
    Details
    ISSN: 1013-9826
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Fatigue reliability theory has recently verified that the sampling size related effect shouldbe taken into account by confidence (C). However, most of the historic probabilistic S-N curves aregiven to only consider the scattered regularity effect by survival probability (P). Therefore, areconstruction method of the historic curves is investigated to consider the sampling size effect. Aneffort is made on addressing the true production that the sampling size is less than 20 for materialspecimens and 10 for structural component specimens. A Monte Carlo simulation approach is firstestablished to reconstruct the test S-N data. And then, the P-C-S-N curves are reconstructed with ageneral maximum likelihood principle. The practice for 40Cr steel has clearly indicated that, beyondall doubt, the reconstructed curves has overcome the shortages of the historic data
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/52/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FKEM.324-325.1043.pdf
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Probabilistic Critical Fatigue Safety State of the RD2 Type Axle of China Railway Freight Car (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advanced materials research Vol. 44-46 (June 2008), p. 751-758 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-8985
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Critical fatigue safety state is investigated on RD2 type axle of China railway freight cars.Attention is paid on the grooves near axle boxes, where more fatigue cracks were early appeared evenresult in at least six derailed accidents. Load history was obtained by vehicle dynamics simulationcombining with on-line inspection. Braking loads and effects of maintenance and off-round of wheelsare also incorporated. Semi-elliptical and external circumferential cracks are employed for crackgrowth simulation. Crack shape change and shear stressing of the semi-elliptical crack are taken intoaccount. New crack growth rate modeling in which covers from cracking threshold to toughnessrelated fracture state is applied for residual life evaluation. Critical fatigue safety state is defined as thecrack size from which the axle can be safely operated to next overhaul inspection. Critical crack sizeis estimated step-by-step with the crack shape change. Results show that the external circumferentialcrack is more dangerous than the semi-elliptical crack. Application more than two years in productionverifies that the present assessment is available and reliable
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/40/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAMR.44-46.751.pdf
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