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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Purdue Rare Isotope Measurement Laboratory
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Inst. and Methods in Physics Research, B 92 (1994), S. 65-68 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-583X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(94)95978-1
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tilt-axis effect on oxidation behaviour and capacitance–voltage characteristics of (1 0 0) silicon (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 32 (1997), S. 6101-6106 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018648002412
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in tantalum by a radiochemical neutron activation analysis (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 168 (1993), S. 497-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical separation method using Dowex 1×8 (200–400 mesh) has been applied to two tantalum metals of 99.9% purity. While tantalum was still retained on the resin, the elements Na, K, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co and Zn were separated with 2M HF and subsequently the elements Sc, As, Zr, Mo, Eu, W and Hf with a mixture of 0.5M HF and 3M HCl. The separation yields for all impurities was 98–100%. Elemental contents were calculated by a single comparator method using two monitors.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040532
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sample treatment techniques for the determination of environmental radiocarbon in a nuclear power station area (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 533-538 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This report describes the environmental sample treatment techniques for14C measurement with liquid scintillation counter. The groundwater sample of about 80 liters was collected from well and inorganic carbon was removed by acidification and recirculated gas stripping with the extraction efficiency of more than 98%. The biological samples were freeze-dried and combusted to carbon dioxide in high pressure combustion unit with a combustion efficiency of nearly 99%. The14CO2 in the stack effluents was collected by an air bubbler with a collection efficiency of more than 99% for a sampling time of two weeks. Sampling of14C in reduced form also has been done by passing the gases through a tube furnace with Pt/Al and Pd/Al catalyst. Active and passive sampling methods for atmospheric14C measurements were compared in detail, and it could be concluded that the uncertainty associated with passive sampling method was quite acceptable for environmental monitoring. The CO2 trapped in NaOH was precipitated as BaCO3, and subsequently reconverted to CO2 for environmental samples and transferred to Carbo-Sorb ETM for liquid scintillation counting. In case higher precision is the deciding factor, benzene synthesis would be employed with home-made benzene synthesizer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349064
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of Impurities in Gallium Oxide by NAA (2000)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 245 (2000), S. 37-40 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Neutron activation analysis has been applied to determine 12 elements, viz. Na, Mn, As, Fe, Co, Zn, Se, Sc, Cr, Sb, Hf and Ta in high-purity Ga2O3. The first 7 elements could be determined by anion exchange separation and isopropyl ether extraction, and the last 8 elements by instrumental method. It is recommended that the first 3 elements are determine by one of the radiochemical modes and the others by the instrumental method.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006774225239
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of an ancient bronze statue by external beam pixe (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 192 (1995), S. 147-154 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A quantitative analysis of an ancient Buddha statue was performed by external beam Proton Induced X-ray Emission for the purpose of identifying its originality. It is shown how the PIXE method can be applied for archeological study. The elemental composition of the statue is compared with that of several samples with definite ages. The experiment was performed by extracting 2.4 MeV proton beam through a 2 mm diameter collimator and 7.6 μm kapton foil to the He atmosphere. X-rays were measured by a Si(Li) detector. The analysed elements were Fe, Cu, Ag, Au and Hg for gold coating and Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Ag, Sn, Au, Pb and Bi for bronze body.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037747
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in niobium metal by a radiochemical neutron activation analysis (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 179 (1994), S. 81-86 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract A radiochemical separation method using an anion exchange resin has been applied to 3N grade Nb for determining nine impurity elements. Five elements (Cr, Fe, Co, Zn and Se) were separated in 2M HF, three elements (Mo, W and Hf) in 32M HF, Nb in 0.5M HF/3M HCl, and Ta in 1M NH4F/4M NH4CCl. The contents of the elements were calculated by a single comparator method using two monitors of Au and Co. The main impurity was revealed to be Ta with a content of over 160 ppm.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02037927
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Optimization of liquid scintillation counting techniques for the determination of carbon-14 in environmental samples (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 239 (1999), S. 649-655 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The goal of this work was to optimize the liquid scintillation counting techniques for the determination of14C in stack effluent gases and in environmental samples such as biological and air samples. Carbon-14 activities in most environmental samples were measured with the direct CO2 absorption method. The highest figures of merit were found through the variation of Carbosorb E and Permafluor V ratio, and measurement windows. The best condition was an 1:1 volume ratio. Average 2.35 g of CO2 was reproducibly absorbed in the 20 ml mixture within 40 minutes. The counting efficiency determined by repeated analysis of NIST oxalic acid standard and the background count rate were measured to be 58.8±1.4% and 1.88±0.06 cpm, respectively, in case of saturated solution. The correction curves of counting efficiency for partially saturated solutions and for saturated solutions with quenching were prepared, respectively. The overall uncertainty of the sample specific activity for near background levels was estimated to be about 7% for 4 hours counting at 95% confidence level. Stack effluent gas samples were measured by a gel suspension counting method. After precipitation of CO2 in the form of BaCO3, 140 mg of which was mixed with 6 ml H2O and 12 ml of Instagel XF. The counting efficiency was measured to be 71.5±1.7% and the typical sensitivity of this technique was about 510 mBq/m3 for a 100 min count at a background count rate of 4.7 cpm. For the benzene counting method measurements were performed with a mixture of 3 ml benzene and 1 ml of scintillation cocktail (5 g of butyl-PBD in 100 ml of scintillation-grade toluene) in a low potassium 7 ml borosilicate glass vial. The counting efficiency and the background count rate were measured to be 64.3±1.0% and 0.51±0.05 cpm, respectively. The long-term stability of samples has been checked for all the counting techniques over a two week period, during which no apparent change in counting efficiency and background level was found.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02349085
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interference in neutron activation analysis of rocks by uranium fission (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 168 (1993), S. 153-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Interferences by uranium fission for95Zr,99Mo,103Ru,140La,141Ce and147Nd have been studied using a single comparator method with two monitors. The effect of the neutron energy spectrum on the interference factor was examined by using the effective activation cross section. All the activities of140La produced during neutron irradiation of uranium were included in the calculation of the factor for lanthanum. The calculated and experimental interference factors are in good agreement within 10% deviation. The results have been applied for the analysis of several rock samples containing uranium in a wide concentration range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02040888
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of impurities in semiconductor grade silicon by instrumental neutron activation analysis (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of radioanalytical and nuclear chemistry 151 (1991), S. 373-378 
    Details
    ISSN: 1588-2780
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Instrumental neutron activation analysis has been applied to semiconductor grade silicon to study the concentration levels of impurity elements, the contamination during the single crystal growing process, and the vertical and radial distributions of impurities, along with the decontamination effect in the analysis. Twenty elements of Au, Br, As, W, Cr, Co, Na, Eu, La, Se, Zn, U, Th, Hf, Fe, Sb, Ag, Ce, Tb and Ta have been analyzed in p- and n-type wafers, single crystals and a polycrystal by a single comparator method using two comparators of gold and cobalt. Considerable surface contamination has been found and could be removed by etching the surface with nitric and hydrofluoric acid before and after irradiation. The impurity concentration has been found to be generally increased in the process of single crystal growth. The vertical and radial distributions of impurities have revealed that some impurity elements were more concentrated in the top region of a single crystal rod than in the middle region, and that Br, Cr, La, Eu and Sb were enriched in the central region and As, U and Fe in the outer region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02035497
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