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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Survivorship, potential, and realized fecundity ofBiosteres tryoni [Hymenoptera: Braconidae], a larval parasitoid ofCeratitis capitata [Diptera: Tephritidae] (1989)
    Springer
    BioControl 34 (1989), S. 291-297 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Biosteres tryoni ; Ceratitis capitata ; survivorship potential fecundity ; realized fecundity ; Biosteres tryoni ; Ceratitis capitata ; survie ; fécondité potentielle ; fécondité réelle
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé LesBiosteres tryoni élevés en laboratoire atteignaient le sommet de leur maturation ovarienne le 5e jour après l'émergence chez les ♀♀ vierges et le 7e jour chez les ♀♀ accouplées. Quand il n'était pas permis aux ♀♀ de pondre, le contenu des oocytes était hydrolysé et réabsorbé. Cependant, quand des hôtes étaient disponibles pour la ponte, on notait une augmentation significative du taux de maturation des œufs. La moyenne de la fécondité réalisée durant la vie était 71,7±8,1 et 69,0±6,7 et la longévité moyenne était 13,5±0,9 et 15,1±0,6 jours pour les ♀♀ accouplées et les ♀♀ vierges respectivement.
    Notes: Abstract Laboratory-rearedBiosteres tryoni (Cameron) reached peak ovarian maturation on the 5th and 7th days after emergence in unmated and mated ♀♀, respectively. When ♀♀ were not allowed to oviposit, contents of the oocytes were hydrolyzed and reabsorbed. However, when hosts were available for oviposition a significant increase of egg maturation rate was noticed. Mean realized fecundity during the life span was 71.7±8.1 and 69.0±6.7, and mean longevity was 13.5±0.9 and 15.1±0.6 days for mated and unmated ♀♀ respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02372468
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An effective trapping method for field studies of opiine braconid parasitoids of tephritid fruit flies (1992)
    Springer
    BioControl 37 (1992), S. 391-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-8248
    Keywords: Braconid ; opiine ; parasitoid ; trap ; fruit fly ; Braconidae ; Tephritidae ; parasitoïde ; piège
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans le but d'étudier les braconides parasitoïdes larvaires de la Mouche des fruits, un piège simple mais efficace a été conçu sous la forme d'une petite balle de plastique jaune contenant à l'intérieur une source d'odeur et recouverte à l'extérieur de Tanglefoot. Des essais de ce piège dans de grandes cages sur le terrain ont montré qu'il était plus simple d'utilisation, de moindre coût et d'une plus grande efficacité que les modèles précédemment signalés.
    Notes: Abstract A simple but effective trap for conducting field studies with opiine braconid parasitoids of fruit fly larvae was designed from yellow plastic balls containing an internal odor source and coated on the exterior with Tanglefoot. Tests of the trap in large field cages showed that it was simpler to use, less expensive, and more effective than previously reported designs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02373112
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Behavioral responses of Ceratitis capitata flies to bait spray droplets and natural food (1992)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 64 (1992), S. 247-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Ceratitis capitata ; bait sprays ; bird feces ; physiological state
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In studies carried out on field-caged non-fruiting host trees, we examined effects of environmental and adult physiological and experiential state factors on responses of released Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann), to droplets of proteinaceous bait (PIB-7) with or without 20% insecticide (malathion). We confirmed that fresh PIB-7 is both attractive and phagostimulatory to protein-deprived medflies and found that presence of 20% malathion ultra low volume concentrate (ULVC) in PIB-7 droplets does not significantly repel medflies from approaching droplets but does significantly deter feeding on them. A single relatively fresh deposit of bird feces, an important source of protein for medflies in natural environments, attracted several times more laboratory-cultured and wild medflies than 20 droplets of 80% PIB-7/20% malathion ULVC (about the average number of droplets per m2 of plant canopy in aerial bait spray programs). Attraction to protein was significantly greater among wild medflies deprived of protein continuously from eclosion than among wild medflies that had recent (within 3 days) or continuous access to protein. Attraction to protein increased significantly with increasing age (2, 7 and 12 days) of protein-deprived wild medflies. But we found no significant positive impact of recent brief experience of wild medflies with protein on degree of subsequent attraction to protein. In final experiments that mimicked the size, density and distribution of bait spray droplets on tree foliage typical for an aerial medfly control program, very few (4%) or no released protein-deprived wild medflies found a bait droplet within the 15 min test period even though most found a single deposit of bird feces. We conclude that the effectiveness of aerial bait sprays against medflies might be enhanced substantially (and the proportion of infested area treated with bait spray reduced considerably) by (1) including synthetic equivalents of attractive components of bird feces in the spray mixture, and (2) adjusting spatial and temporal patterns of bait spray applications according to estimates of the composition and abundance of natural medfly food and the age structure of medfly adult populations in infested regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00341088
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of recent experience on foraging in tephritid fruit flies (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of insect behavior 9 (1996), S. 571-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: experience ; foraging behavior ; Rhagoletis ; Ceratitis ; Tephritidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In field-cage studies, we investigated how the foraging behavior of tephritid fruit flies is modified by experience immediately prior to release on host plants. We observed females of a relatively monophagous species,Rhagoletis mendax (blueberry maggot fly), an oligophagous species,Rhagoletis pomomella (apple maggot fly), and a polyphagous species,Ceratitis capitata (Mediterranean fruit fly). Just prior to release on a host plant, the following kinds of stimuli were supplied: (1) single oviposition in a host fruit, (2) contact with 20% sucrose, (3) contact with a mixture of protein food (bird feces and sucrose), (4) contact with water, and (5) a walk over a host-plant leaf. When flies foraged on host plants without resources, search was most intensive (as measured by number of leaves visited) following a single oviposition in fruit, but residence time generally was the same following exposure to sugar, protein, and fruit stimuli.Rhagoletis mendax andC. capitata females visited the fewest leaves following exposure to water or host leaves, whereasR. pomonella foraged equally intensively following exposure to food stimuli, water, or leaves. On host plants containing resources (fruit and protein food), a single oviposition dramatically increased the number of females of all three species that found fruit compared to females that received experience with food, water or foliar stimuli. We found no significant effect of recent brief experience with any of the stimuli on subsequent attraction to protein food. Overall,C. capitata exhibited a higher propensity to abandon host plants than eitherR. mendax orR. pomonella. We suggest that this may reflect adaptations to differences in distribution of host plants in nature, strategies of dispersal, and host range.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02213881
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mediterranean fruit fly: interference of oviposition by radiation-sterilized females in field cages (1990)
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 56 (1990), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: C. capitata ; oviposition ; irradiation ; sex-ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les comportements de ponte et de repos et le nombre de rencontres de mouches irradiées ou non, d'une souche de laboratoire de C. capitata ont été examinés sur des pommes suspendues sur des goyaviers dans des cages, hors du laboratoire, à Hawaï. Le nombre de femelles non-irradiées stationnant sur les fruits était réduit de plusieurs fois par la présence de femelles irradiées, soit seules, soit avec des mâles irradiés, mais non par la présence exclusive de mâles irradiés. De même, le nombre de femelles non-irradiées en train de pondre, ainsi que la durée des pontes étaient réduits par la présence de femelles irradiées. Dans les cages témoins (sans mouche irradiée), les femelles restent en moyenne 255,9±15,0 sec (SE) sur les fruits, tandis que les femelles nonirradiées et irradiées mélangées dans les cages traitées, séjournent respectivement 157±19,8 et 77,5±7,5 sec sur les fruits. Les femelles irradiées se sont comportées capricieusement sur les fruits et ont souvent eu des contacts physiques avec les autres mouches. En réduisant la ponte des femelles normales, les femelles irradiées peuvent contribuer à supprimer les populations sauvages dans les programmes de lâchers d'insectes stériles.
    Notes: Abstract The behavior of nonirradiated and radiation-sterilized laboratory-adapted Mediterranean fruit flies, Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Diptera: Tephritidae), was observed on apples hung on guava trees in outdoor cages in Hawaii. Oviposition and resting behavior, and physical encounters between flies were recorded. The numbers of nonirradiated females observed resting on fruit were reduced several fold by the presence of irradiated females, either alone or with irradiated males, but not by irradiated males alone. Similarly, the number and duration of nonirradiated females observed ovipositing was reduced by the presence of irradiated females. In control cages (all nonirradiated flies), females averaged 255.9±15.0 (SE) seconds on fruit, while nonirradiated and irradiated females in the mixed (treatment) cage averaged 157±19.8 seconds and 77.5±7.5 seconds on fruit, respectively. Irradiated females behaved skittishly on fruit and frequently engaged in physical encounters with other flies. By reducing oviposition of normal females, irradiated females may help suppress wild populations in sterile-insect release programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00163454
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