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1

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Diversity of indigenous Bradyrhizobium japonicum in North Carolina soils (1991)

Mpepereki, S. ; Wollum, A. G.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 11 (1991), S. 121-127

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Soybeans ; Glycine max ; Serology ; Shannon index ; Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ; ELISA

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary The diversity of Bradyrhizobium japonicum in agricultural fields has not been well characterized. Therefore a study was conducted to determine the serotypic diversity of B. japonicum both within and among six fields in the Coastal Plain and Piedmont of North Carolina where soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] are grown. Nodule samples were collected from non-inoculated standing soybean crops. Both nodules and isolates were typed by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Serotypes and their proportions varied both within and among locations. Common serotypes in order of abundance across all sites were 76, M1 (multiple reaction beyween 31 and 94), 94, 24, and 122, and together accounted for over 66% of the typable reactions. No cultivar effect on serotype distribution was observed. Unknown types ranged from 4 to 24%. Based on the total number of serotypes identified and the Shannon diversity index (H′), the mean population diversity was 0.76 for the Piedmont sites and 0.91 for the Coastal Plain sites.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00336376

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2

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Nodulation competition among Bradyrhizobium japonicum strains as influenced by rhizosphere bacteria and iron availability (1989)

Fuhrmann, J. ; Wollum, A. G.

Springer

Biology and fertility of soils 7 (1989), S. 108-112

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ISSN: 1432-0789

Keywords: Bradyrhizobium japonicum ; Glycine max ; Soil inoculation ; Nodulation ; Rhizosphere ; Rhizobacteria

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Summary Bacteria isolated from the root zones of field-grown soybean plants [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] were examined in a series of glasshouse experiments for an ability to affect nodulation competition among three strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (USDA 31, USDA 110, and USDA 123). Inocula applied at planting contained competing strains of B. japonicum with or without one of eleven isolates of rhizosphere bacteria. Tap-root nodules were harvested 28 days after planting, and nodule occupancies were determined for the bradyrhizobia strains originally applied. Under conditions of low iron availability, five isolates (four Pseudomonas spp. plus one Serratia sp.) caused significant changes in nodule occupancy relative to the corresponding control which was not inoculated with rhizosphere bacteria. During subsequent glasshouse experiments designed to verify and further characterize these effects, three fluorescent Pseudomonas spp. consistently altered nodulation competition among certain combinations of bradyrhizobia strains when the rooting medium did not contain added iron. This alteration typically reflected enhanced nodulation by USDA 110. Two of these isolates produced similar, although less pronounced, effects when ferric hydroxide was added to the rooting medium. The results suggest that certain rhizosphere bacteria, particularly fluorescent Pseudomonas spp., can affect nodulation competition among strains of R. japonicum. An additional implication is that iron availability may be an important factor modifying interactions involving the soybean plant, B. japonicum, and associated microorganisms in the host rhizosphere.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00292567

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3

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Fixation of Nitrogen by Bitterbrush ( Purshia tridentata (Pursh) D.C) (1967)

WEBSTER, S. R. ; YOUNGBERG, C. T. ; WOLLUM, A. G.

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 216 (1967), S. 392-393

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] In 1961, Wagle and Vlamis5 reported nodules on the roots of bitterbrush (Purshia tridentata), a member of the family Rosaceae, and presented evidence which suggested that nitrogen fixation occurs in the nodules. We have used nitrogen-15 to study nitrogen fixation by species of non-leguminous ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/216392a0

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4

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Symbiotic interactions between soybean and competing strains ofBradyrhizobium japonicum (1989)

Fuhrmann, J. ; Wollum, A. G.

Springer

Plant and soil 119 (1989), S. 139-145

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: competition studies ; Glycine max ; nitrogen fixation ; nodulation ; rhizosphere ecology

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Selected symbiotic characteristics of fiveBradyrhizobium japonicum strains were assessed in association with ‘Ransom’ soybean plants (Glycine max [L.] Merr.). In the first of two greenhouse experiments, relative nodulation competitiveness of the strains was examined. Strains were grouped into pairs, and corresponding cells were applied to surface-disinfected seeds so as to provide seven ratios of cell numbers between the two strains. Tap root nodules were harvested 28 days after sowing and serotyped by means of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Strains differed considerably in nodulation competitiveness, and these differences were successfully quantified using relationships previously proposed in the literature. A second experiment involved assessment of the reproducibility of this technique and characterization of the symbiotic response to single- and double-strain inocula. Differences in relative nodulating abilities of strains were apparent between experiments and were possibly related to observed variations in greenhouse temperatures. Plant shoot weight and total N content were not significantly correlated with nodule number or weight when evaluated across inoculation treatments, but these correlations were often significant within inoculation treatments. Certain double-strain inocula produced either positive or negative effects on shoot weight, N content, and nodulation, when compared with values predicted from corresponding controls receiving single-strain inocula.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02370278

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5

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Exclusion of inefficient Bradyrhizobium japonicum serogroups by soybean genotypes (1990)

Weiser, G. C. ; Skipper, H. D. ; Wollum, A. G.

Springer

Plant and soil 121 (1990), S. 99-105

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr. ; nodulation ; nodule occupancy ; serogroup competitiveness

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] forms a symbiosis with serogroups of Bradyrhizobium japonicum that differ in their dinitrogen fixing abilities. The objectives of this study were to identify soybean genotypes that would restrict nodulation by relatively inefficient serogroups indigenous to a large portion of the southeastern USA, and then characterize the nodulation responses of selected genotypes with specific bradyrhizobial strains under controlled conditions. From field screening trials followed by controlled single and competitive inoculations of serogroups USDA 31, 76 and 110, twelve soybean genotypes out of 382 tested were identified with varying levels of exclusion abilities. Soybean nodule occupancies and nodulation characteristics were influenced by plant genotype, environment (i.e. field or greenhouse), bradyrhizobial serogroup, and location of nodules (i.e. tap or lateral root). The cultivar Centennial sustains high seed yields even though it nodulates to a high degree with the inefficient serogroup USDA 31. In contrast, data from the released cultivars Braxton, Centennial and Coker 368 indicate that they may have been selected to exclude the inefficient serogroup USDA 76 from their tap root nodules, possibly contributing to high seed yield.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00013102

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6

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Exclusion of inefficientBradyrhizobium japonicum serogroups by soybean genotypes (1990)

Weiser, G. C. ; Skipper, H. D. ; Wollum, A. G.

Springer

Plant and soil 122 (1990), S. 99-105

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: Glycine max (L.) Merr. ; nodulation ; nodule occupancy ; serogroup competitiveness

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] forms a symbiosis with serogroups ofBradyrhizobium japonicum that differ in their dinitrogen fixing abilities. The objectives of this study were to identify soybean genotypes that would restrict nodulation by relatively inefficient serogroups indigenous to a large portion of the southeastern USA, and then characterize the nodulation responses of selected genotypes with specific bradyrhizobial strains under controlled conditions. From field screening trials followed by controlled single and competitive inoculations of serogroups USDA 31, 76 and 110, twelve soybean genotypes out of 382 tested were identified with varying levels of exclusion abilities. Soybean nodule occupancies and nodulation characteristics were influenced by plant genotype, environment (i.e. field or greenhouse), bradyrhizobial serogroup, and location of nodules (i.e. tap or lateral root). The cultivar Centennial sustains high seed yields even though it nodulates to a high degree with the inefficient serogroup USDA 31. In contrast, data from the released cultivars Braxton, Centennial and Coker 368 indicate that they may have been selected to exclude the inefficient serogroup USDA 76 from their tap root nodules, possibly contributing to high seed yield.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02444109

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7

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Diversity in symbiotic specificity of cowpea rhizobia indigenous to Zimbabwean soils (1996)

Mpepereki, S. ; Wollum, A. G. ; Makonese, F.

Springer

Plant and soil 186 (1996), S. 167-171

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: cowpea rhizobia ; diversity ; host range ; symbiotic specificity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Tropical cowpea rhizobia are often presumed to be generally promiscuous but poor N fixers. This study was conducted to evaluate symbiotic interactions of 59 indigenous rhizobia isolates (49 of them from cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)), with up to 13 other (mostly tropical) legume species. Host ranges averaged 2.4 and 2.3 legume species each for fast- and slow-growing isolates respectively compared to 4.3 for slow-growing reference cowpea strains. An average of 22% and 19% of fast- and slow-growing cowpea isolates respectively were effective on each of 12 legume species tested. We conclude that the indigenous cowpea rhizobia studied have relatively narrow host ranges. The ready nodulation of different legumes in tropical soils appears due to the diversity of indigenous symbiotic genotypes, each consisting of subgroups compatible with a limited number of legume species.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00035071

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