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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2020-07-24
    Description: The temperature of photovoltaic modules is modelled as a dynamic function of ambient temperature, shortwave and longwave irradiance and wind speed, in order to allow for a more accurate characterisation of their efficiency. A simple dynamic thermal model is developed by extending an existing parametric steady-state model using an exponential smoothing kernel to include the effect of the heat capacity of the system. The four parameters of the model are fitted to measured data from three photovoltaic systems in the Allgäu region in Germany using non-linear optimisation. The dynamic model reduces the root-mean-square error between measured and modelled module temperature to 1.58 K on average, compared to 3.03 K for the steady-state model, whereas the maximum instantaneous error is reduced from 20.02 to 6.58 K.
    Print ISSN: 1992-0628
    Electronic ISSN: 1992-0636
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Meteorological Society.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-03-08
    Description: The time series of global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 autonomous pyranometers during the HOPE campaign around Jülich, Germany, are investigated with a multiresolution analysis based on the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform and the Haar wavelet. For different sky conditions, typical wavelet power spectra are calculated to quantify the timescale dependence of variability in global transmittance. Distinctly higher variability is observed at all frequencies in the power spectra of global transmittance under broken-cloud conditions compared to clear, cirrus, or overcast skies. The spatial autocorrelation function including its frequency dependence is determined to quantify the degree of similarity of two time series measurements as a function of their spatial separation. Distances ranging from 100 m to 10 km are considered, and a rapid decrease of the autocorrelation function is found with increasing frequency and distance. For frequencies above 1∕3 min−1 and points separated by more than 1 km, variations in transmittance become completely uncorrelated. A method is introduced to estimate the deviation between a point measurement and a spatially averaged value for a surrounding domain, which takes into account domain size and averaging period, and is used to explore the representativeness of a single pyranometer observation for its surrounding region. Two distinct mechanisms are identified, which limit the representativeness; on the one hand, spatial averaging reduces variability and thus modifies the shape of the power spectrum. On the other hand, the correlation of variations of the spatially averaged field and a point measurement decreases rapidly with increasing temporal frequency. For a grid box of 10 km  ×  10 km and averaging periods of 1.5–3 h, the deviation of global transmittance between a point measurement and an area-averaged value depends on the prevailing sky conditions: 2.8 (clear), 1.8 (cirrus), 1.5 (overcast), and 4.2 % (broken clouds). The solar global radiation observed at a single station is found to deviate from the spatial average by as much as 14–23 (clear), 8–26 (cirrus), 4–23 (overcast), and 31–79 W m−2 (broken clouds) from domain averages ranging from 1 km  ×  1 km to 10 km  ×  10 km in area.
    Print ISSN: 1680-7316
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7324
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2017-03-03
    Description: The 19-channel rotating shadowband radiometer GUVis-3511 built by Biospherical Instruments provides automated shipborne measurements of the direct, diffuse and global spectral irradiance components without a requirement for platform stabilization. Several direct sun products, including spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth, Ångström exponent and precipitable water, can be derived from these observations. The individual steps of the data analysis are described, and the different sources of uncertainty are discussed. The total uncertainty of the observed direct beam transmittances is estimated to be about 4 % for most channels within a 95 % confidence interval for shipborne operation. The calibration is identified as the dominating contribution to the total uncertainty. A comparison of direct beam transmittance with those obtained from a Cimel sunphotometer at a land site and a manually operated Microtops II sunphotometer on a ship is presented. Measurements deviate by less than 3 and 4 % on land and on ship, respectively, for most channels and in agreement with our previous uncertainty estimate. These numbers demonstrate that the instrument is well suited for shipborne operation, and the applied methods for motion correction work accurately. Based on spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth can be retrieved with an uncertainty of 0.02 for all channels within a 95 % confidence interval. The different methods to account for Rayleigh scattering and gas absorption in our scheme and in the Aerosol Robotic Network processing for Cimel sunphotometers lead to minor deviations. Relying on the cross calibration of the 940 nm water vapor channel with the Cimel sunphotometer, the column amount of precipitable water can be estimated with an uncertainty of ±0.034 cm.
    Print ISSN: 1867-1381
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-8548
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2020-03-27
    Description: Reliable reference measurements over the ocean are essential for the evaluation and improvement of satellite- and model-based aerosol datasets. Within the framework of the Maritime Aerosol Network, shipborne reference datasets have been collected over the Atlantic Ocean since 2004 with Microtops Sun photometers. These were recently complemented by measurements with the multi-spectral GUVis-3511 shadowband radiometer during five cruises with the research vessel Polarstern. The aerosol optical depth (AOD) uncertainty estimate of both shipborne instruments of ±0.02 can be confirmed if the GUVis instrument is cross calibrated to the Microtops instrument to account for differences in calibration, and if an empirical correction to account for the broad shadowband as well as the effects of forward scattering is introduced. Based on these two datasets, a comprehensive evaluation of aerosol products from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) flown on NASA's Earth Observing System satellites, the Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager (SEVIRI) aboard the geostationary Meteosat satellite, and the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service reanalysis (CAMS RA) is presented. For this purpose, focus is given to the accuracy of the AOD at 630 nm in combination with the Ångström exponent (AE), discussed in the context of the ambient aerosol type. In general, the evaluation of MODIS AOD from the official level-2 aerosol products of C6.1 against the Microtops AOD product confirms that 76 % of data points fall into the expected error limits given by previous validation studies. The SEVIRI-based AOD product exhibits a 25 % larger scatter than the MODIS AOD products at the instrument's native spectral channels. Further, the comparison of CAMS RA and MODIS AOD versus the shipborne reference shows similar performance for both datasets, with some differences arising from the assimilation and model assumptions. When considering aerosol conditions, an overestimation of AE is found for scenes dominated by desert dust for MODIS and SEVIRI products versus the shipborne reference dataset. As the composition of the mixture of aerosol in satellite products is constrained by model assumptions, this highlights the importance of considering the aerosol type in evaluation studies for identifying problematic aspects.
    Print ISSN: 1867-1381
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-8548
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2016-11-08
    Description: The time series of global radiation observed by a dense network of 99 autonomous pyranometers are investigated with a multiresolution analysis based on the maximum overlap discrete wavelet transform and the Haar wavelet. For different sky conditions, typical wavelet power spectra are calculated to quantify the timescale dependence of variability in global transmittance. The power spectra of global transmittance are found to be dominated by the direct irradiance component under all sky conditions. Distinctly higher variability is observed at all frequencies in the power spectra of global transmittance under broken cloud conditions compared to clear, cirrus or overcast skies. The spatial autocorrelation function including its frequency-dependence is determined to quantify the degree of similarity of two measurements as a function of their spatial separation. Distances ranging from 100 m to 10 km are considered, and a rapid decrease of the autocorrelation function is found with increasing frequency and distance. For frequencies below 1.0 min−1, variations in transmittance become completely uncorrelated already after several hundred meters. A method is introduced to estimate the deviation between a point measurement and a spatially averaged value for a surrounding domain, which takes into account domain size and averaging period, and is used to explore the representativeness of a single pyranometer observation for its surrounding region. Two distinct mechanisms are identified, which limit the representativeness: on the one hand, spatial averaging reduces variability and thus modifies the shape of the power spectrum. On the other hand, the correlation of variations of the spatially averaged field and a point measurement decreases rapidly with increasing temporal frequency. For a grid-box of 10 x 10 km2 and averaging periods of 1.5–3 h, the deviation of global transmittance between a point measurement and an area-averaged value depends on the prevailing sky conditions: 2.8 % (clear), 1.8 % (cirrus), 1.5 % (overcast) and 4.2 % (broken clouds). The global radiation observed at a single station is found to deviate from the spatial average by as much as 14–23 Wm−2 (clear), 8–26 Wm−2 (cirrus), 4–23 Wm−2 (overcast), and 31–79 Wm−2 (broken clouds) from domain averages ranging from 1 x 1 km2 to 10 x 10 km2 in area.
    Electronic ISSN: 1680-7375
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2016-09-15
    Description: The 19 channel rotating shadow band radiometer GUVis-3511 built by Biospherical Instruments is introduced as an instrument which is able to provide automated ship borne measurements of the direct, diffuse and global spectral irradiance components without a requirement for stabilization. Several direct sun products, including spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth, Angström exponent, and precipitable water can be derived from these observations. The individual steps of the data analysis are described, and the different sources of uncertainty are discussed. The total uncertainty of the observed direct beam transmittances is estimated to be 4.24 % at 95 % CI for ship borne operation. The calibration is identified as the dominating contribution to the total uncertainty. A comparison of direct beam transmittance with those obtained from a Cimel sun photometer at a land site and a manually operated Microtops II sun photometer on a ship is presented, yielding relative deviations of less than 3 % and 4 % on land and on ship, respectively, for most channels and in agreement with our previous uncertainty estimate. These numbers demonstrate that the instrument is well suited for ship borne operation, and the applied methods for motion correction work accurately. Based on spectral direct beam transmittance, aerosol optical depth at 510 nm can be retrieved with an uncertainty of 0.0032 for a 95 % CI. Only minor deviations occur due to the different methods used for estimating Rayleigh scattering and gas absorption optical depths, as implemented by AERONET and in our processing. Relying on the cross-calibration of the 940 nm water vapor channel with the Cimel sun photometer, the column amount of precipitable water has been estimated with an uncertainty of +−0.034 cm. More research is needed to estimate the accuracy of the instrument for low sun (solar zenith angles larger than 70°) and during periods with strong swell.
    Electronic ISSN: 1867-8610
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Aerosol optical thickness at 1020 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1245 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1550 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1640 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 340 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 380 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 412 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 443 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 510 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 610 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 625 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 665 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 694 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 750 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 765 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 875 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 940 nm; ALTITUDE; ANT-XXXII/1; CT; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; Ground-Based UV-Visble radiometer with BioSHADE accessory, GUVis-3511, BSI Inc.; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Polarstern; PS102; PS102-track; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 940 nm; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 667684 data points
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2023-01-14
    Keywords: Aerosol optical thickness at 1020 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1245 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1550 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1640 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 340 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 380 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 412 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 443 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 510 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 610 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 625 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 665 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 694 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 750 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 765 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 875 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 940 nm; ALTITUDE; ANT-XXIX/10; Atlantic, transit cruise; CT; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; Ground-Based UV-Visble radiometer with BioSHADE accessory, GUVis-3511, BSI Inc.; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Polarstern; PS83; PS83-track; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 940 nm; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 655171 data points
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Aerosol optical thickness at 1020 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1245 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1550 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1640 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 340 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 380 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 412 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 443 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 510 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 610 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 625 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 665 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 694 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 750 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 765 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 875 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 940 nm; ALTITUDE; ANT-XXXI/1.1; ANT-XXXI/1.2; CT; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; Event label; Ground-Based UV-Visble radiometer with BioSHADE accessory, GUVis-3511, BSI Inc.; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Polarstern; PS95.1; PS95.1-track; PS95.2; PS95.2-track; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 940 nm; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1016921 data points
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2023-01-13
    Keywords: Aerosol optical thickness at 1020 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1245 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1550 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 1640 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 340 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 380 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 412 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 443 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 510 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 610 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 625 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 665 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 694 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 750 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 765 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 875 nm; Aerosol optical thickness at 940 nm; ALTITUDE; ANT-XXXIII/4; CT; DATE/TIME; Diffuse radiation; Direct radiation; Ground-Based UV-Visble radiometer with BioSHADE accessory, GUVis-3511, BSI Inc.; LATITUDE; LONGITUDE; Polarstern; PS113; PS113-track; Short-wave downward (GLOBAL) radiation; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, downward - incident at 940 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1020 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1245 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1550 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 1640 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 305 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 340 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 380 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 412 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 443 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 510 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 610 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 625 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 665 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 694 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 750 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 765 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 875 nm; Spectral irradiance, incident at 940 nm; Underway cruise track measurements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1081635 data points
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