Publication Date:
2024-03-15
Description:
Calcifying foraminifera are expected to be endangered by ocean acidification; however, the response of a complete community kept in natural sediment and over multiple generations under controlled laboratory conditions has not been constrained to date. During 6 months of incubation, foraminiferal assemblages were kept and treated in natural sediment with pCO2-enriched seawater of 430, 907, 1865 and 3247 µatm pCO2. The fauna was dominated by Ammonia aomoriensis and Elphidium species, whereas agglutinated species were rare. After 6 months of incubation, pore water alkalinity was much higher in comparison to the overlying seawater. Consequently, the saturation state of Omega calc was much higher in the sediment than in the water column in nearly all pCO2 treatments and remained close to saturation. As a result, the life cycle (population density, growth and reproduction) of living assemblages varied markedly during the experimental period, but was largely unaffected by the pCO2 treatments applied. According to the size-frequency distribution, we conclude that foraminifera start reproduction at a diameter of 250 µm. Mortality of living Ammonia aomoriensis was unaffected, whereas size of large and dead tests decreased with elevated pCO2 from 285 µm (pCO2 from 430 to 1865 µatm) to 258 µm (pCO2 3247 µatm). The total organic content of living Ammonia aomoriensis has been determined to be 4.3% of CaCO3 weight. Living individuals had a calcium carbonate production rate of 0.47 g/m**2/a, whereas dead empty tests accumulated a rate of 0.27 g /m**2/a. Although Omega calc was close to 1, approximately 30% of the empty tests of Ammonia aomoriensis showed dissolution features at high pCO2 of 3247 µatm during the last 2 months of incubation. In contrast, tests of the subdominant species, Elphidium incertum, stayed intact. Our results emphasize that the sensitivity to ocean acidification of the endobenthic foraminifera Ammonia aomoriensis in their natural sediment habitat is much lower compared to the experimental response of specimens isolated from the sediment.
Keywords:
Abundance; Abundance, standard deviation; Alkalinity, total; Ammonia aomoriensis; Ammotium cassis; Aragonite saturation state; Armorella sphaerica; Baltic Sea; Benthos; Bicarbonate ion; Calcite saturation state; Calcium carbonate, mass; Calcium carbonate, mass per individual; Calcium carbonate, mass per individual, standard deviation; Calculated using CO2SYS; Calculated using seacarb after Nisumaa et al. (2010); Carbon, inorganic, dissolved; Carbonate ion; Carbonate system computation flag; Carbon dioxide; Coast and continental shelf; Colorimetric; Comment; Community composition and diversity; Coulometric titration; Diameter; Diameter, standard deviation; Elphidium excavatum clavatum; Elphidium excavatum excavatum; Elphidium gerthi; Elphidium incertum; Entire community; EXP; Experiment; Field observation; Figure; Fugacity of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Growth/Morphology; Incubation duration; Individuals; Kiel_fjord; Mass; Mass, standard deviation; Number of specimens; Number of specimens, standard deviation; OA-ICC; Ocean Acidification International Coordination Centre; Partial pressure of carbon dioxide (water) at sea surface temperature (wet air); Percentage; Percentage, standard deviation; pH; pH, standard deviation; Phosphate; Phosphate, standard deviation; Potentiometric; Reophax dentaliniformis; Replicate; Replicates; Salinity; Salinity, standard deviation; Silicate; Silicate, standard deviation; Size; Soft-bottom community; Species; Table; Temperate; Temperature, water; Temperature, water, standard deviation
Type:
Dataset
Format:
text/tab-separated-values, 30268 data points
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