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Family and Line Selection for Elevated Palmitate of Soybean (1999)

Bravo, Jose J. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Welke, Grace A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 39 (1999), S. 679-682

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with elevated palmitate content is more oxidatively stable than conventional soybean oil. The objective of this study was to compare the family and line methods of selection for elevated palmitate content in four populations segregating for the major genes fap2-b and fap4 and for modifying genes that influence the trait. Five random F3-derived lines from each of 20 F2 families were evaluated in replicated tests during 2 yr at two locations. For the family method, the mean palmitate content of the five F3-derived lines of each F2 family was computed for individual replications and the mean of two replications at each environment. For families with ≥250 g kg-1 palmitate, lines with ≥250 g kg-1 were selected. For the line method, lines with ≥250 g kg-1 were chosen without regard to the F2 family mean. The palmitate contents of the selected and unselected lines based on data from one environment were compared with their mean palmitate content in the other three test environments. There were 50% of the lines incorrectly rejected by the family method and 31% by the line method. Of the lines chosen, 63% were correctly selected by the family method and 60% for the line method. For development of cultivars with elevated palmitate, breeding methods that rely on family performance would not be more effective or efficient than methods that ignore family structure.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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Relationship of Elevated Palmitate to Soybean Seed Traits (2000)

Stoltzfus, David L. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Welke, Grace A.

Springer

Crop science 40 (2000), S. 52-54

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with elevated palmitate content may be useful for producing solid fat at room temperature without hydrogenation. This study was conducted to determine the relationship between elevated palmitate and soybean seed traits. A total of 92 soybean cultivars and lines with palmitate contents ranging from 103 to 427 g kg−1 were evaluated in a randomized complete-block design with two replications at each of three Iowa locations in 1997. Seed from each plot was analyzed for protein, oil, palmitate, stearate, oleate, linoleate, and linolenate contents. The phenotypic correlations were significant (P 〈 0.05 or 0.01) and positive between palmitate and protein (0.25), stearate (0.58), and linolenate (0.86) contents. There were significant (P 〈 0.01) negative phenotypic correlations of palmitate content with oil (−0.84), oleate (−0.94), and linoleate (−0.96) contents. Lines with 〉400 g kg−1 palmitate had protein contents equal to conventional cultivars, but their oil contents were reduced by more than 30 g kg−1. None of the lines with 〉400 g ka−1 had oleate, linoleate, or linolenate contents equal to conventional cultivars. These relationships will influence the feasibility of developing soybean cultivars with elevated palmitate content that are acceptable for other seed components.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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3

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Influence of Genotype and Environment on Isoflavone Contents of Soybean (2000)

Hoeck, Joseph A. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Murphy, Patricia A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 40 (2000), S. 48-51

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] may have positive impacts on human health. The objective of this study was to determine the role of the genotype, environment, and genotype × environment interactions on isoflavone contents of soybean. Nine isoflavones were measured in six cultivars grown at eight locations during 2 yr. The mean contents of total isoflavones and six of nine individual isoflavones were significantly higher in 1996 than 1995. There were significant differences among locations in one or more years for total and individual isoflavone contents. The year × location interactions were significant due to changes in rank and magnitude among the locations during the 2 yr. The genotype, genotype × year, genotype × location, and genotype × year × location interactions were significant for total and individual isoflavone contents. Despite the significant genotype × environment interactions, the differences between the cultivars with the highest and lowest total and individual isoflavone contents were relatively consistent among the 16 environments. It should be possible to breed for isoflavone content as a quantitative trait in a cultivar development program.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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4

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Agronomic and Seed Traits of 1%-Linolenate Soybean Genotypes (2000)

Ross, Andrew J. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Welke, Grace A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 40 (2000), S. 383-388

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] cultivars with 〈20 g kg−1 linolenate would have a desirable oxidative stability. The objective of our study was to compare the agronomic and seed traits of lines with the genotype fan1(A5)fan1(A5)fan2(A23)fan2(A23)fan3fan3, designated as 1%-linolenate (〈20 g kg −1) lines, and the genotype fan1(A5)fan1(A5)fan2(A23)fan2(A23), designated as 2%-linolenate lines (〉20 g kg−1). Three backcross populations were developed by crossing three high-yielding, recurrent parents with ≈25 g kg−1 linolenate to a donor line with ≈13 g kg−1 linolenate. For each population, 27 1%- and 27 2%-linolenate BC1F2:4 lines were evaluated at Ames, Grand Junction, and Hubbard, IA during 1998. The mean seed yields of the 1%-linolenate lines were 47 kg ha−1 lower in Population 1, 65 kg ha−1 lower in Population 2, and 164 kg ha−1 lower in Population 3 than the 2%-linolenate lines, but the difference was only significant in Population 3. The maximum mean differences between the 1%- and 2%-linolenate lines in any of the populations for the remaining agronomic and seed traits were 1 d for maturity, 0.1 score for lodging, 2 cm for plant height, 4 mg seed−1 for seed weight, 5 g kg−1 each for protein and oil content, 0.6 g kg−1 for palmitate, 2.2 g kg−1 for stearate, 16.4 g kg−1 for oleate, and 6.8 g kg−1 for linoleate. The lack of major differences between the 1%- and 2%-linolenate lines indicated that it should be possible to develop acceptable cultivars with 〈20 g kg−1 linolenate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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5

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A fap5 Allele for Elevated Palmitate in Soybean (2000)

Stoltzfus, David L. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Welke, Grace A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 40 (2000), S. 647-650

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] oil with elevated palmitate content may be useful for producing plastic fats without hydrogenation. The mutant line A27, with ≈160 g kg−1 palmitate, was developed by treatment of seeds of `Kenwood' with ethyl methanesulfonate. The objective of this study was to determine the genetic control of elevated palmitate content in A27. A27 was crossed to Kenwood and to lines possessing the fap1, fap2-b, fap3, fap4, or fap6 alleles for altered palmitate. Analysis of the F1, F2, and F3 generations indicated that A27 had an allele for elevated palmitate at a single locus, designated fap5, that exhibited additive gene action with Fap5 and mutant alleles for altered palmitate content. The fap5 locus was independent of the fap1, fap3, fap4, and fap6 loci, but closely linked to the fap2-b locus.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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6

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Inheritance of Elevated Palmitate in Soybean Seed Oil (2000)

Narvel, James M. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Ininda, Jane ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 40 (2000), S. 635-639

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seed oil may be useful for some food and industrial products. Four mutant alleles, fap2, fap2-b, fap4, and fap5, each elevate palmitate to ≈170 g kg−1 compared with ≈110 g kg−1 for common soybean cultivars. A new mutant line, A25, with a palmitate content of ≈170 g kg−1 was developed by treatment of seeds of `Kenwood' with ethyl methanesulfonate. The objective of our study was to determine the genetic control of elevated palmitate in A25. A25 was crossed reciprocally to lines possessing fap1, fap2, fap2-b, fap3, fap4, or fap5. The analysis of reciprocal F1 and parent seeds from the crosses indicated no maternal effect or dominance for palmitate content. The phenotypic analysis of F2 seeds and the genotypic analysis of F2 plants indicated that elevated palmitate in A25 was controlled by an allele, designated fap6, at a single locus that was independent of fap1, fap2, fap3, fap4, and fap5. The combination of fap2-b, fap4, and fap6 resulted in a genotype with seeds that contained up to 398 g kg−1 palmitate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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7

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Reduced-Linolenate Content Associations with Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean (1998)

Walker, James B. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Welke, Grace A. ; [et al.]

Springer

Crop science 38 (1998), S. 352-355

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] lines with the fan1(A5) fan1(A5) fan2 fan2 genotype for reduced linolenate content produce an oil with improved oxidative stability. The improved oxidative stability reduces the formation of undesirable flavor compounds in the oil. The objective of this study was to determine if reduced linolenate influences agronomic or seed traits of soybeans. The single-cross populations AX11224, AX11227, and AX11240 were developed by crossing each of three high-yielding parents with normal-linolenate content of ≈77 g kg-1 to one of three reduced-linolenate parents with ≈26 g kg-1 linolenate. From each of the populations, 27 F3-derived normal-linolenate lines and 27 reduced-linolenate lines were evaluated at three locations in Iowa during 1996.The mean seed yields of the reduced-linolenate lines were not significantly different (P〉0.05) from the normal-linolenate lines for AX11224 and AX11227, but the mean yield of the reduced-linolenate lines was significantly lower than the normal-linolenate lines for AX11240. The means of the reduced-linolenate lines were not significantly different from the normal-linolenate lines for maturity, lodging, plant height, and protein content in the three populations. The mean oil, stearate, and linolenate contents of reduced-linolenate lines were significantly greater (P〈0.05) than normal-linolenate lines in all populations. Differences between the means of the reduced- and normal-linolenate lines for seed weight, palmitate content and oleate content were not consistent among the populations. The difference among crosses for the relationship of reduced linolenate with seed yield and other traits indicated that multiple reduced- and normal-linolenate parents should be used in a cultivar development program.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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8

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Agronomic and Seed Traits of Soybean Lines Lacking Seed Lipoxygenases (1998)

Narvel, James M. ; Fehr, Walter R. ; Welke, Grace A.

Springer

Crop science 38 (1998), S. 926-928

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ISSN: 1435-0653

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Glycine max (L.) Merr.] seeds contain three lipoxygenase isozymes that cause off-flavors in soy protein-containing foods. The use of lipoxygenase-free soybean seed for food applications may be desirable. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of genetically eliminating the lipoxygenase isozymes on agronomic and seed traits of soybean. From the backcross of the three lipoxygenase-null alleles lx 1 lx 2 lx 3 into 'IA2020', 27 BC1F2-derived lines lacking the three isozymes (triple-null) and 27 BC1F2-derived lines containing the three isozymes (normal) were identified. The lines were evaluated in a replicated test during 1996 at three locations in Iowa. There were significant differences (P 〈 0.01) among locations for all traits measured, except maturity. No differences (P 〉 0.05) were found between the mean performance of triple-null and normal lines for seed yield, maturity, lodging resistance, seed weight, and seed protein content. Mean plant height of normal lines was greater (P 〈 0.01) than triple-null lines by 4 cm and mean seed oil content of normal lines was greater (P 〈 0.01) than triple-null lines by 3 g kg-1. It will be possible to develop seed lipoxygenase-free soybean cultivars with desirable agronomic and seed characteristics.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/

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