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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Chemical reviews 95 (1995), S. 2369-2403 
    ISSN: 1520-6890
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 56 (2000), S. 348-358 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A recently developed method for fitting a Monte Carlo computer simulation model to observed single-crystal diffuse X-ray scattering has been applied to (h0l) scattering data obtained for the disordered compound p-methyl-N-(p-chlorobenzylidene)aniline, C14H12ClN (ClMe), at 295 K. Each molecular site is occupied by a molecule in one of four basically different orientations defined by combinations of a side-to-side and an end-to-end flip. These different orientations were represented in the model by two sets of binary random variables. In addition to these occupancy variables, the model also allowed local orientational and centre-of-mass translational displacements. The disordered structure was modelled using rigid-body molecules linked by harmonic springs to represent `effective' intermolecular interactions. The refined model included 4 parameters describing the correlation of neighbouring occupational variables and 28 parameters describing the force-constant and `size-effect' parameters on seven symmetry-inequivalent types of intermolecular vectors.  The model refined to an overall agreement factor, R = [\textstyle \sum w(\Delta I){}^2/\textstyle \sum w I_{\rm obs}^2]{}^{1/2}, of 32.8% for 28500 data points. It was found that the SRO correlation structure observed within the layers of molecules in the ab plane is typical of a frustrated lattice, where nearest- and second-nearest-neighbour effects oppose each other. This appears to be the main difference between this compound and the sister compound, p-chloro-N-(p-methylbenzylidene)aniline (MeCl), studied previously. The local relaxational displacements that result from local `size-effect' strains operating on different intermolecular vectors generally reflect the tendency for distances involving Cl—Cl interactions to be longer than the observed average distances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 34 (1978), S. 120-123 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is shown that a model of growth disorder, describing the way in which substitutional disorder can be introduced into binary solid solutions at growth, exhibits a phase transition. In a particular case it is shown that the distribution in 2D sections of the crystal corresponds to the simple pair-interaction Ising model on a triangular lattice.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 35 (1979), S. 391-400 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The relationship between nearest-neighbour growth-disorder models and Ising models is described in detail. The growth model with only two-body interactions is shown to be equivalent, in section perpendicular to the growth direction, to a simple Ising model. Two approximate solutions for the growth model are compared with exact solutions of equivalent Ising models, where possible, and also with computer realizations; the behaviour of these approximate solutions is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 611-618 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Model calculations of random and correlation distributions of diffuse X-ray scattering are used to determine the correlations between molecular sites of a substitutionally disordered molecular crystal. The correlation coefficients are varied until qualitative agreement is obtained between the calculated diffuse scattering and that measured using Weissenberg film techniques. This procedure was used to determine the correlation coefficients of the monoclinic form of 9-bromo-10-methylanthracene, C15H11Br. The four nearest-neighbour correlations were found to be a = 0.4 (0.1), b = 0.20 (0.05), c = 0.0 (0.05) and d = 0.05 (0.03), respectively. These values imply that the probability of bromine-methyl contacts between neighbouring molecules is greater than that for a random distribution of molecules and that the probabilities of bromine-bromine and methyl-methyl contacts are smaller than for the random distribution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 41 (1985), S. 394-399 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Diffuse X-ray scattering from a disordered molecular crystal [1,4-dibromo-2,5-diethyl-3,6-dimethylbenzene (BEMB1)] has been measured by diffractometer and conventional Weissenberg-film techniques, and a detailed comparison of the two sets of data has been made. An interexperimental agreement factor between the two sets of intensities was about 22%. Statistical tests on the data revealed that a substantial part of this discrepancy was mainly due to systematic differences attributable to alignment problems associated with the need to use large (〉 0.5 mm diameter) crystals. It is stressed that X-ray diffuse scattering can be easily and rapidly measured on a diffractometer as part of the normal process of structure determination.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 43 (1987), S. 718-727 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: General equations are presented for diffuse scattering due to static substitutional and orientational disorder in molecular crystals. Scattering due to displacements, both static and dynamic, and molecular librations is treated separately. Examples of a pair of isostructural isomers of dibromodiethyldimethylbenzene, which show very different disorder diffuse scattering, are given. Procedures for data analysis and separation of various diffuse scattering components are discussed.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 38 (1982), S. 761-772 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: The properties of Gaussian growth-disorder models are explored and their use for producing realizations of disordered lattices for optical transform analogue experiments is described. Use of Gaussian variables provides greater flexibility than previously described binary ones and in particular enables realizations to be produced in dimensions greater than two without restriction on the values of nearest-neighbour correlation coefficients. A method of converting Gaussian realizations to binary ones is also described.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 39 (1983), S. 233-245 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: A generalization of a previously described Gaussian growth-disorder model is described. The properties of this general model are discussed in relation to the more restricted but more easily simulated growth-disorder model. Optical diffraction patterns of realizations obtained by Monte Carlo procedures are presented for two possible applications of the model. The extra degree of freedom provided by the generalization enables a greater diversity of diffraction patterns to be achieved. In particular, it is possible to produce realizations having an approximately isotropic correlation field. The relationship between the Gaussian model and the Hosemann paracrystal is discussed.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : International Union of Crystallography (IUCr)
    Acta crystallographica 57 (2001), S. 244-255 
    ISSN: 1600-5724
    Source: Crystallography Journals Online : IUCR Backfile Archive 1948-2001
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: It is shown in this paper that a feature that has been observed in the diffuse scattering patterns of a wide variety of different materials – a diffuse `ring' or `doughnut'-shaped region of scattering – can be understood in terms of a simple model that has been borrowed from the field of sol–gel science. In this, it is supposed that there is a balance between the local attractive forces that are trying to make a particular structure and a rather longer range repulsive force. In the present context, it is believed that this latter force has its origin in the strain that builds as the preferred local structure tries to fit into the average crystal lattice. Simple Monte Carlo (MC) computer simulations are described that demonstrate this principle for three example materials: cubic stabilized zirconia, the p-didecylbenzene/urea inclusion compound and the pure molecular compound 1,3-dibromo-2,5-diethyl-4,6-dimethylbenzene, C12H16Br2 (BEMB2).
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