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Labile anion binding by roots of two plum clones (1980)

THERIOS, IOANNIS N. ; WEINBAUM, STEVEN A.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 48 (1980), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: The anion-exchange capacities (AEC) of roots of intact plants of two plum clones [Marianna 2624 (Prunus cerasifera × P. munsoniana) and Myrobalan 3-J (P. cerasifera)] were assessed with an anionic dye, eosin Y. The positively charged eosin-specific adsorption sites were metabolically dependent and also affected by nutrient status. Myrobalan 3-J roots adsorbed twice as much exchangeable NO3 as did Marianna 2624. Since we previously showed that net nitrate uptake by Myrobalan 3-J persisted at half the ambient nitrate concentration as that characteristic of Marianna 2624, the data provide circumstantial support for a functional role of labile anion binding in active uptake at dilute concentrations of ambient nitrate.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1980.tb03250.x

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Nitrate Uptake Effectiveness and Utilization Efficiency of Two Plum Clones (1979)

THERIOS, IOANNIS N. ; WEINBAUM, STEVEN A. ; CARLSON, ROBERT M.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Physiologia plantarum 47 (1979), S. 0

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ISSN: 1399-3054

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology

Notes: Nitrate uptake and utilization efficiencies of two plum clones, Marianna 2624 (Prunus cerasifera×Prunus munsoniana?) and Myrobalan 3-J (Prunus cerasifera) in stirred solution cultures were investigated. Myrobalan 3-J had a significantly lower NO3- compensation point (i.e., greater capacity for nitrate depletion) but ceased growth earlier than Marianna 2624 under severe N stress. The maximum velocity of NO3- uptake was 33% higher in Marianna 2624 than Myrobalan 3-J. The nitrogen efficiency ratio (i.e., mg dry weight produced/mg nitrogen absorbed) of Marianna 2624 was 40% higher than Myrobalan 3-J when nitrogen was severely limiting (28 mg nitrogen per plant). Thus, Marianna 2624 plants may be capable of growth at lower mean nitrogen concentrations.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3054.1979.tb03192.x

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Alternate bearing influences annual nutrient consumption and the total nutrient content of mature pistachio trees (1995)

Brown, Patrick H. ; Weinbaum, Steven A. ; Picchioni, Geno A.

Springer

Trees 9 (1995), S. 158-164

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ISSN: 1432-2285

Keywords: Nutrient storage ; Remobilization ; Pistacia vera

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The influence of alternate bearing on nutrient utilization and total tree nutrient content was investigated in mature pistachio (Pistacia vera L. cv Kerman trees). Removal of N, P and Zn in fruit and abscised leaves of cropping (‘on’) trees averaged 5, 6, and 2 times, respectively, the removal in abscised leaflets of the non-fruiting, ‘off’ year trees. One hundred and thirty-five kg N, 131 kg K, 86 kg Ca, 39 kg Mg and 18 kg P per hectare were removed in fruits and abscised leaves in ‘on’ year trees. Tree nutrient contents and, presumably, the size of nutrient storage pools in dormant trees varied between ‘on’ and ‘off’ years. There was 22% and 14% more N and P, respectively, in dormant trees following ‘off’ than ‘on’ years. The greater N and P accumulation in ‘off’ year trees is depleted in support of the large fruit demand for N and P during ‘on’ years. In contrast to N and P, there was greater K and Ca accumulation in perennial tree parts during ‘on’ years than during ‘off’ years. The greater K accumulation in perennial tree parts and approximately 30% greater removal of K in annual organs during ‘on’ than ‘off’ years suggests that K uptake could be 4 times higher in ‘on’ year trees than in (non-cropping), ‘off’ year trees.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02418205

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Intracanopy variation in nitrogen cycling through leaves is influenced by irradiance and proximity to developing fruit in mature walnut trees (1994)

Weinbaum, Steven A. ; Muraoka, Tom T. ; Plant, Richard E.

Springer

Trees 9 (1994), S. 6-11

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ISSN: 1432-2285

Keywords: Branch autonomy ; Light-canopy relationships ; N cycling ; N isotopes ; Juglans regia

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Intracanopy variation in net leaf nitrogen (N) resorption and N cycling through leaves in mature walnut (Juglans regia L. cv Hartley) trees were monitored in 3 different years. Differential irradiance among the spurs sampled was inferred from differences among leaves in dry weight per unit area (LW/LA) which varied from 4.0 mg · cm−2 to 7.0 mg · cm−2 in shaded (S) and exposed (E) canopy positions, respectively. Our results, using 15N-depleted (NH4)2SO4 validated the concept that N influx and efflux through fully expanded leaves occurred concurrently during the period of embryo growth. Additionally, it also suggested that N influx into leaves was substantially greater in exposed as compared with shaded canopy positions. Because of its well documented phloem immobility, leaf Ca accumulation was used to better estimate the relative influx of N into exposed and shaded leaves. N cycling varied locally within the tree canopy, i. e. Ca (and presumably N) influx was 100% greater in exposed than shaded tree canopy positions, but influx was not influenced significantly by the proximity of developing fruit. In contrast, both the amount and percentage N efflux was significantly greater during embryo growth in fruit-bearing than defruited spurs. Net leaf N resorption averaged 2–4 times greater (25–30%) in fruit-bearing spurs than the 5–10% decrease in the leaf N content in defruited spurs. Since about 90% of leaf N content reportedly occurs as protein, fruit N demand apparently influenced protein turnover and catalysis in associated spur leaves. The amount of leaf N resorption was greater in exposed than shaded positions in the tree canopy in 2 of the 3 years of data collection. Our data show that like leaf N content, N influx, N efflux and net leaf N resorption vary throughout mature walnut tree canopies under the combined local influences of fruiting and irradiance.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00197863

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Regulation of nitrogen partitioning in field-grown almond trees: Effects of fruit load and foliar nitrogen applications (2000)

Youssefi, Farbod ; Weinbaum, Steven A. ; Brown, Patrick H.

Springer

Plant and soil 227 (2000), S. 273-281

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: amino acids ; 15N ; phloem sap ; Prunus dulcis ; urea

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract Two treatments were employed to influence the amount of amino nitrogen (N) transport in phloem. In walnut trees (Juglans regia L.), developing fruit significantly reduced the efflux of foliar-applied 15N-enriched urea from treated spurs over a 33-day period in comparison with similarly-treated defruited spurs. Those data suggest that local aboveground demand for N influences vascular transport of amino N. In another experiment, a 1% urea solution was applied foliarly to 5-year old `Mission' almond trees [Prunus dulcis (Mill.) D. A. Webb] to increase the concentration of amino N in the phloem. The effect of foliar N treatments on a) the transport and distribution of labelled urea N within the trees over the experimental period and b) the uptake of soil-applied labelled N were determined by replicated whole tree excavation, fractionation into various tree components and mass spectrometric analyses of the 14N/15N ratios. Concentrations and composition of amino acids in the phloem and xylem saps of control trees and trees receiving foliar-applied urea were also determined. In foliar urea-treated trees, the amino acid concentrations increased significantly in leaf and bark phloem exudate, within 24 and 96 h, respectively. Foliar-applied urea N was translocated to the roots of almond trees over the experimental period and decreased soil N uptake. The results of these experiments are consistent with the hypothesis that aboveground N demand affects the amount of amino N cycling between shoots and roots, and may be involved in the regulation of soil N uptake.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026572615441

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